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How Cells Divide
Chapter 10
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Bacterial Cell Division
• Binary Fission• FtsZ protein
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Eukaryotic Chromosomes• Chromosome Numbers Vary• Made of Chromatin
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Some Vocab
• Karyotype
• Haploid
• Diploid
• Homologue
• Chromatids
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Overview of the Cell Cycle
• G1
• S
• G2
• M
• C
• G0
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Interphase• G1, S, G2
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Mitosis
• Prophase
• Prometaphase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
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Prophase
• Condensation of Chromosome Contintues
• Spindle apparatus– Asters
• Nuclear envelope disassembles
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Prometaphase
• Micrtubules attach to the kinetochore
• Chromosomes begin to move toward the equator of the cell
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Metaphase
• Chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the cell called the metaphase plate
• Chromosomes are attached to opposite poles and are under tension
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Anaphase
• Proteins holding centromeres of sister chromatids are degraded, freeing individual chromosomes
• Chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles
• Spindle poles move apart
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Telophase
• Chromosomes are clustered at opposite poles and decondense
• Nuclear envelopes reform around chromosomes
• Golgi complex and ER re-form
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Cytokinesis
• Plant vs Animal
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Control of the Cell Cycle
• Irreversible points
• Checkpoints
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MPF
• Nondividing cells can be stimulated into division by MPF
• MPF activity changes throughout the cell cycle
• It is cyclin pluc cdc2 (aka Cdk)– What is a kinase?
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Three main Checkpoints
• G1/S
• G2/M
• Spindle Checkpoint (APC)
• Figure 10.20
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Growth Factors
• Trigger intracellular signaling systems
• RTKs and MAP cascades
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G0 Phase
• Dormant
• Liver vs Intestinal Lining Cells
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Cancer
• Tumor Suppressor genes- p53, Rb
• Oncognes-ProtoOncogenes