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Food and Farm Conversations
How to Change the Hearts and Minds of a Concerned Public
Kevin M. FoltaProfessor and Chairman
Horticultural Sciences Department
kfolta.blogspot.com@kevinfolta [email protected]
www.talkingbiotechpodcast.com
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How do we ensure that How do we ensure that everyone has access to everyone has access to agricultural innovation?agricultural innovation?
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Where we Where we areare
Technology we Technology we wantwant
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What They Think
“Farmers are poisoning us”
“Corporations want to control
the food supply”
“We aren’t’ sure what to believe”
“We’ll make choices to protect
our families”
What We Know
“Safest and most abundant food supply in history”
“Use every safe technology possible to farm profitably
and sustainably”
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Why They Think This Way
“Farmers are poisoning us”
“Corporations want to control
the food supply”
“We aren’t’ sure what to believe”
“We’ll make choices to protect
our families”
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You are both warm and competent!
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The discussion is taking place in social media space.
Scientists, farmers, ranchers, etc are NOT participating.
You are part of the “immune system”?
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Maximizing your e-Real EstateThe Discussion is Happening in Social Media!
Producers have the most credibility and need to get involved.
Obtain a dedicated Gmail account- use your real name.
Sign up for facebook, twitter, instagram, pintrest, etc.
Get a blog space on blogspot.com or wordpress.
Answer questions in comments sections of news articles.
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How do we learn from our mistakes, from social science, from psychology, to better communicate what we do?
How do we become trusted sources?
How do we do this effectively?
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Know a Few Central Core ConceptsHumans have always participated in plant genetic improvement.
Genetic Engineering is a precise extension of conventional plant breeding.
“The techniques used pose no more risk (actually less risk) than conventional breeding.” (NAS, AAAS, AMA, EFSA many others)
In the 18 years these products have been used, there has not been one case of illness or death related to these products
In the USA there are several traits used in only 8 (- +) commercial crops, with risks and benefits.
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HOMEWORK:
Watch LICENSE TO FARM.
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Rel
ativ
e nu
mbe
r in
popu
latio
n
Relative scientific understanding
Nonexperts
Farmers, scientists,
Etc.
MOST PEOPLE!!!!
FEAR FACTS
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LOGOS PATHOS
ETHOS
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LOGOS PATHOS
ETHOS
Start with ETHOS to establish common ground
Use LOGOS to provide evidence
Use PATHOS to reinforce and visualize
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State your larger priorities up front
FarmersAnimal Welfare
The NeedyFood Safety
Environment
Consumers
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Augment shared values with personalize your message.
Tell your story. Start with your concerns. Why do you do what you do?
Talk about points that everyone can agree upon
Refer to your family, your personal goals.
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Glyphosate resistant and insect resistant crops, while helpful to farmers, do not win the hearts and minds of the general public
These are not “Big Ag” technologies!
Win back emotional capital with lost opportunities – Where did we fail to address our shared values?
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More Barriers: Avoid these Mistakes
Avoid “feed the world” rhetoric
Always discuss strengths and limitations
Don’t ever claim it is a single solution.
Don’t discount all facets of “organic” ag, discuss common goals
Don’t criticize other forms of genetic improvement…
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Our farmers are the solution.
Jennie Schmidt
Brian Scott
Sarah Schultz
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Work Smart
Speak to your strengths
Talk about what you know on your operation
Know when to disconnect
Don’t lose your cool
Recognize the concerned and the difficult
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Creating the Change You Want to See
Stick to your strengths
Learn the things you don’t understand
Chime in. We need you.
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What Plant Genetic Improvement Is
More varieties
Grow better under given conditions
Improved yields
Safer products
Improved nutrtion
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What Plant Genetic Improvement Is
People think
Improved yields
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Why Do We Need to Genetically Improve Plants?
Native plants have little/no food value
Many plants produce toxins
Plants don’t survive well in cultivation
Adjustments of genetics can help plants adapt to human need
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Humans have always manipulated crop genetics
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A new variety is like a needle in a haystack
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What about genetic What about genetic engineering?engineering?
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• Why do we need genetic engineering?
We can move genes/traits, that we cannot move by breeding and selection.
Allows us to solve problems that have no other solution, and have positive effects on the environment.
Recombinant human insulin, 1983
Papaya Ringspot Virus, 1998
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• Why do we need genetic engineering?
We can move genes/traits, that we cannot move by breeding and selection.
Move traits much more rapidly than breeding
Recombinant chymosin in cheese
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GM Crops Available Now
10
potato
apple
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What are the Three Main Traits?
Virus Resistance
Insect Resistance
Herbicide Resistance
Google “Biotechnology Literacy Day” if you are interested in mechanisms
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State your larger priorities up front
FarmersAnimal Welfare
The NeedyFood Safety
Environment
Consumers
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Who’s technology is this?
Technology exists TODAY that can:
-Provide needed micronutrients to hungry populations-Add virus resistance to key crops in the developing world-Help plants grow in changing climates and weather extremes, such as heat, drought, flooding, cold. -Plants that protect themselves from pests, cutting need for insecticides
-Why don’t we use them?
Success Stories (We Can’t Use)
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Golden Rice
X
Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
Opposition to golden rice cost $2 billion to farmers in developing countries and 1.4 million human years – Wesseler et al., 2014
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Cassava
Virus Resistant Cassava (VIRCA)
Biocassava Plus (BC Plus)
250 million depend on cassava
50 million tons lost to virus.
X
X Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
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Golden Bananas Beta carotene producing
X
Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
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Bacterial Wilt in Bananas
>70% of carbohydrate calories for some areas
GM trials in Uganda
X
X
Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
X
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Hypoallergenic PeanutsPeanut – RNAi suppression Ara h2
X
Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
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GE chickens do not pass on Avian Influenza
Episode 007
X
Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
X
X
X
X Animal welfare
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AquaBounty Salmon – attains market weight in less time. Salmon may be farmed on inland pools, generating high protein food on fewer inputs.
Episode 008
X
Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
X
X
X
X Wild populations
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Low Acrylamide, non Browning Potatoes
XX
Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
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BS2 TomatoA pepper gene in tomato eases black spot and wilt.
X
X Farmers
Consumers
Environment
Needy
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Stopping Citrus Greening
Spinach defensin
NPR1
Lytic peptides
Many show promise
Earliest deregulation is 2019
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Gene editing
CRISPR/Cas9
Generates the same outcome as traditional breeding, just fast.
Coming soon!
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Gene Editing
Horn Gene Horn Gene
NO HORNS!!!
Good beef
Bad milkHORNS!!!
Bad beef
Great milk
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Gene Editing
Horn Gene Horn Gene
NO HORNS!!!
Good beef
Bad milkHORNS!!!
Bad beef
Great milk
Cross….
Mix of bad beef, bad milk production
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Gene Editing
Horn Gene Horn Gene
NO HORNS!!!
Good beef
Bad milkHORNS!!!
Bad beef
Great milk
Horn Gene
NO HORNS!!!
Bad beef
Good milk
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Conclusions
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Thank you
kfolta.blogspot.com@kevinfolta
www.talkingbiotechpodcast.com
My funding: arabidopsisthaliana.com/funding.html
Dr. Norman Borlaug