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HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW
THE CELL?
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NUCLEUS Contains DNA – genetic material of the
cell 2 membranes surrounding it, the
envelope/membrane Controls all of the cell’s activities –
including information needed to make proteins
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CYTOSKELETON Network of thin tubes in the cytosol Maintain a cell’s shape, & act as
tracks that guide organelles and molecules as they move through the cell
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PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE Covers cell surface Determines what enters or exits the
cell – selectively permeable
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PROKARYOTE Cell that lacks a nucleus and
membrane bound organelles Bacteria and Archea
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HOOKE First person to identify and name cells
– coined the term “cell”
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ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Transports materials within the cell has ribosomes attached produces phospholipids and proteins
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GOLGI APPARATUS Stacks of flattened, membranous sacs Many proteins and lipids pass from ER to
here for final modifications; Like a POST OFFICE - modifies, packages
and secretes various molecules
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LYSOSOMES Contain digestive enzymes to break down
large molecules as well as non-functioning cell parts and cells
Small, membrane-bound organelles formed by Golgi complex
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LEEUWENHOEK Looked at living cells in pond water;
invented first mini-microscope
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CENTRIOLES Used in cell division Seen in animal cells
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RIBOSOMES Site of protein synthesis Can be free (in cytoplasm) or bound
(attached to ER) Produced in nucleolus Made of RNA and proteins
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SMOOTH ER Transports materials within and out of the
cell Functions in lipid synthesis ex. cholesterol No ribosomes attached
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EUKARYOTES Type of cell with a true nucleus and
membrane bound organelles Plant, protists, animal and fungi
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MITOCHONRDRIA Transfer energy from organic
molecules (like glucose) to ATP (cellular energy) during the process of CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Muscle cells have lots of these Nicknamed the POWERHOUSE Inner folds called cristae to increase
surface area
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PLANT CELL Type of cell with a cell wall,
chloroplasts and a large central vacuole
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VIRCHOW Stated cells come from the division of
preexisting cells
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CELL WALL Made of cellulose Protects, prevents excess H2O
uptake, maintains shape of plant cell
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ANIMAL CELL Type of cell with lysosomes and
centrioles Lack a cell wall YOU ARE MADE OF THESE CELLS
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CHLOROPLASTS Use light energy to make
carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O Contains chlorophyll Responsible for PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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FLAGELLA Long, tail-like projections found on the
outside of cells Used for movement
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CENTRAL VACUOLE Stores water, enzymes, wastes, and
other materials Largest organelle in a plant cell
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SCHLEIDEN Stated all plants are made of cells
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THE CELL THEORY All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure
and function in living things All cells come from preexisting cells
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CILIA Short, hair-like projections found on
the outside of cells Used for movement
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SCHWANN Stated all animals are made of cells
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CYTOPLASM Jelly-like material found between the
cell membrane and the nucleus Contains the organelles of the cell
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NUCLEOLUS Found inside of the nucleus Makes ribosomes