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GunfighterAnatomy: HowtoStopaManThere are two ways to stop a man. The first, most effective and most difficult to accomplish is
disruptionofthecentralnervoussystem(CNS). Thesecond,leasteffectiveandeasiesttoaccomplishis
torender
aman
unconscious
as
aresult
of
Hypovolemia
(blood
loss).
Arguably,thereisathirdmethodofstoppingamanfromcausingharm. Thisistocausedamagetothe
musculoskeletalsysteminsuchawayastoinhibithisabilitytomove. Thismayleaveaperpunableto
move fromhisposition,butmayalso leavehimable tooperatea firearm. Shots to thepelvicgirdle
and/orthevertebralcolumnwillaccomplishthis.
DisruptionoftheCentralNervousSystem(CNS)The cerebral cortex,whatwe think of as the brain, is involved in conscious initiation of voluntary
movement
of
the
body
and
limbs.
The
cortex
has
two
hemispheres,
left
and
right,
which
can
operate
independentlyofoneanother. Eachhemispherecontrolsthemusclesofthebodyontheoppositeside
forexampletherighthemispherecontrolsthemusclesoftheleftsideofthebody. Bothhemispheres
receive informationfromthebodyandsend informationtothebodythroughastructureatthetopof
thebrainstemknownasthediencephalon. Damage toonehemisphereof thecortexmaypotentially
impedemotorfunctionforonesideofthebody,buttheoppositesideofthebodywillbeunaffected.
Significantdamagetothediencephalonwilleliminateallvoluntarymotorfunction.
Interruption of this voluntary movement pathway will immediately eliminate ones ability to make
voluntarymovementsand thuswill immediately remove a threat. Thepathway forvoluntarymotor
commandstothebodyisasfollows:
Cortex diencephalon brainstem spinalcordmusclesofthebody/limbs
Thebrainstemcontrolsautonomic functionsof thebodyfunctions, suchasbreathing,which sustain
life. Withinthebrainstemalsoresideaxonstothebody/limbs(formotorfunctions)andaxonscoming
fromthebody(sensation)thusdamagetothebrainstemmay interruptbothvoluntarymovementand
autonomic functions such as breathing. The Pathway for autonomic commands to the body is as
follows:
Brainstem spinalcord bloodvessels,heart,lungs,GItract,etc
Thespinal
cord
carries
information
to
and
from
the
body
to
the
brain.
Severing
the
cord
will
cut
off
informationtoandfromtheareassuppliedbelowthecut. Thelegsaresuppliedbynerveswhichenter
thecord in the lumber region. Thearmsare suppliedbynerveswhichenter thecord in thecervical
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region(T1andabove). Thusseveringthecordabovethebaseoftheneck(justabovethejugularnotch)
willleaveapersonwithouttheuseoftheirarmsorlegs.
Conclusions:
A lowvelocity(pistol)shottotheheadwhichstrikesthecortexmay leavethetargetwiththecapacitytocauseharm.
Disruptionof thebrainsability to communicatewith thebody canbeaccomplished throughdestructionofthediencephalon,brainstemandorspinalcordwithinthecervicalregion.
Destructionofthebrainstemwillresultinimmediatedeath. Severingthespinalcordabovethebaseoftheneckwillensurecompletelossofmotorfunction
tothelimbs.
Severingthecordbelowthebaseoftheneckmayleavethearmsfunctionalandthusstillleaveathreatonthefield. Note: withouttheabilitytomovethetrunkthearmswillbeoflessuse
Note: Highvelocityprojectilespenetratingthecranialvaultwillcreateanoverpressureofthecraniumandhaveaneffectiveresultregardlessofshotplacementwithinthecranium thinkJFK.
Above:the
Brainstem
(red)
and
Diencephalon
(yellow)
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UnconsciousnessasaresultofHypovolemia(bloodloss)The brain is a hungry organ and as such it receives approximately 20% of the cardiac output. The
CarotidArteries supply90%of theblood flow to thebrain. A completedisruptionofcarotidarterial
bloodflow
to
the
brain
will
result
in
unconsciousness
within
510
seconds.
Thus
adrop
in
blood
pressuresignificantenoughtoreducebloodflowtothebrainwillresultinunconsciousnessnoquicker
thanwithin510seconds.
BloodleavestheheartandentersthearteriesatthejunctionoftheleftventricleandtheAorta. Cardiac
outputfromtheleftventricleintotheAortais5Litersperminuteonaverage. Theaveragepersonhas5
Litersofblood intheirbodythustheaveragepersoncouldbleedout inoneminute iftheAortawere
completelydissected.
Lossofconsciousnesswill likelyoccurwhen40%ofbloodvolume is lost(approximately2 liters). Thus
lossofconsciousness,atbest,mayoccurwithin24secondsofcompleteperforationoftheAortanearits
beginningat
the
left
ventricle,
where
its
velocity
is
greatest.
Blood flowat the leftventricle/archofAortahasthehighestvelocityofallbloodvessels in thebody.
Bloodflowthroughouttherestofthevesselsofthebody isreducedrelativetotheaorta,soitfollows
thatmultipleperforationstomultiplearterieswouldberequiredtoachieveahighrateofbloodloss.
Conclusions:
Acompletedisruptionofbloodflowtothebrainwillnotimmediatelystopaman. Evenashottotheheartwhichresultsincompletestoppageofbloodflowmaygiveaman510
secondstocontinuetoact.
TissuedamageinotherpartsofthebodyresultinginhemorrhagemaytakeseveralminutesbeforebloodlossisenoughsuchthattheassailantfallsunconsciousfromHypovolemicshock.
Evenmultipleperforationsofmultiplearterieswilllikelygiveanassailantenoughtimetokillyou,yourfamilyandyourdogbeforelosingconsciousness.
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GunfighterAnatomy: HowtoStopAMan sixtysix.org
Right:alateralviewofthethorax.
NotethepositionoftheArchof
AortabehindtheManubrium
DiscussionLossofconsciousnessand/orbleedingoutfromawound(s)canoccurquickly,butinagunfightseconds
are the difference between life and death. Amanwho is in the process of bleeding out from any
numberof arterialperforations could verywell killyou and later collapse anddiehimself. Theonly
certainwayof immediately stopping aman is to cutoffhis cortexsability to communicatewithhis
body. Thisisdonebyplacingshotsonthediencephalon,brainstemand/orspinalcordabovethebase
oftheneck.
Unfortunately,thesetargetsareverysmall. Addmovement,returnfireandadrenalineanditwouldbe
verydifficulttohitoneandthusitisunrealistictoexpecttodoso.
Thetargetswhichwillquicklyincapacitateatargetarealsosmall,butarealsoincloseproximitytoother
choicetargetssuchasthe lungs. Takenasawholethemoreroundsyoucanputontarget,themore
likelyyouare to strike thebrainstem/spinalcordorperforatehighlyvascularorgans, thus themore
likely youwillbe to create adrop inbloodpressure significantenough to result in the target losing
consciousnessandthusincapacitating,ifnotkillingthetarget.