Hydrocarbons with Hydrocarbons with Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
AlcoholsAlcohols
AlcoholsAlcoholsAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
A group of covalently bonded elements A group of covalently bonded elements that when bonded to a carbon chain give it a that when bonded to a carbon chain give it a unique quality.unique quality.Compounds with similar functional groups Compounds with similar functional groups will have similar qualities and properties.will have similar qualities and properties.
AlcoholsAlcohols
•They are organic compounds that are primarily used as disinfectants.
•Alcohols have the functional group of –OH.
•They have the general formula of R-OH.
Euphemisms in Science We all know that some politicians and government
spokesmen use certain euphemistic phrases to give an aura of respectability to descriptions of events or actions
which would be offensive when expressed in plain English. The following is a list of Euphemisms in Science and their
translations into plain English.
“It is believed that...”
I think!
“It is generally believed that...”
A couple of other guys think so too!
Alcohols are named by adding the suffix Alcohols are named by adding the suffix -ol-ol. If . If there is more than one hydroxyl group (-OH), there is more than one hydroxyl group (-OH), the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that indicates the number of hydroxyl groups indicates the number of hydroxyl groups present (present (-diol-diol, , -triol-triol, etc.). , etc.).
The position of the hydroxyl group on the The position of the hydroxyl group on the parent chain is indicated by placing the number parent chain is indicated by placing the number corresponding to the location on the parent corresponding to the location on the parent chain directly in front of the base name. chain directly in front of the base name.
How to Name How to Name AlcoholsAlcohols
The hydroxyl group takes precedence over alkyl The hydroxyl group takes precedence over alkyl groups and halogen substituents, as well as double groups and halogen substituents, as well as double bonds, in the numbering of the parent chain. bonds, in the numbering of the parent chain.
If there is a choice in numbering after these rules If there is a choice in numbering after these rules are followed, the parent chain is numbered to give are followed, the parent chain is numbered to give the substituents the the substituents the lowestlowest number. number.
How to Name How to Name AlcoholsAlcohols
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming AlcoholsAlcohols
A Primary Alcohol –
(-OH attached to an end carbon that is attached to 1 other carbon)
Ethanol – drinking alcohol
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming AlcoholsAlcohols
A Secondary Alcohol –
(-OH attached to a middle carbon that has 2 other carbon bonds)
2-propanol
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming AlcoholsAlcohols
A Tertiary Alcohol –
(-OH attached to a middle carbon that has 3 other carbon bonds)
1,1-dimethylethanol (no)
2-methyl-2-propanol or 2-methylpropane-1-ol
More Examples of Naming More Examples of Naming AlcoholsAlcohols
1,2,3-propantriol
Propane-1,2,3-triol
benzenol
phenol
Familiar Saying
Where there are visible vapors from ignited carbonaceous materials, there is
conflagration.
Where there is smoke, there is fire!
AlcoholsAlcoholsLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
Exit Quiz: Alcohols
Hydrocarbons with Hydrocarbons with Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
EthersEthers
EthersEthersAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
15 Helpful Hints On The Lab 15 Helpful Hints On The Lab Report from Report from
Mr. T’s Vast Lab Experience!!!Mr. T’s Vast Lab Experience!!!
Hint #6. If you can't get the answer in the usual manner, start at the answer and derive the question.
EthersEthers
•They are organic compounds that are primarily used as anesthetics.
•Ethers have the functional group of –O– in the middle of the carbon chain.
•They have the general formula of R-O-R’.
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming EthersEthers
1. Name the chains as alkyl groups
2. Put them in alphabetical order
3. End with ether.
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming EthersEthers
1. Name the chains as an alkyl groups
2. Put them in alphabetical order
3. (ethyl, can’t be propyl, why?)
4. (at 1 and 1 there are methyl groups)
5. End with ether.
6. 1,1-dimethyl ethylmethyl ether
EthersEthersLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
Murphy's LawsMurphy's Lawsofof
Science and TechnologyScience and Technology
To err is human, but to really foul things up requires a computer.
Exit Quiz: Ethers
Hydrocarbons with Hydrocarbons with Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
Organic AcidsOrganic Acids
Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
A group of covalently bonded elements A group of covalently bonded elements that when bonded to a carbon chain give it a that when bonded to a carbon chain give it a unique quality.unique quality.Compounds with similar functional groups Compounds with similar functional groups will have similar qualities and properties.will have similar qualities and properties.
Organic AcidsOrganic AcidsAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
Organic AcidsOrganic Acids
•They are an organic compound that is primarily used as protection for fruits and vegetables.
•Organic acids have the functional group of –COOH on the end of the carbon chain. This is called the carboxyl group.
•They have the general formula of R-COOH.
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming Organic AcidsOrganic Acids
1. Name the R chain and include the C of the carboxyl group
2. End with –oic acid
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming Organic AcidsOrganic Acids
1. Name the R chain and include the C of the carboxyl group (methane)
2. End with –oic acid
3. methanoic acid
Chemical Compound Quiz
Acetylsalicylic acid helps cure aches and pains. What is the common name?
Aspirin
Organic AcidsOrganic AcidsLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
Exit Quiz: Carboxylic Acids
Ethanoic acid
What’s the formula?
Is it like HC2H3O2?
Acetic acid!!
ethane-1,2-dioic acid
or
ethandioic acid
O || HO-C-C=O |
OH
Little Known Phobias!Little Known Phobias!
Edifice ComplexEdifice Complex
Fear of tall buildings
Exit Quiz: Carboxylic Acids
2-methylpropanoic acid
Hydrocarbons with Hydrocarbons with Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
KetonesKetones
Familiar SayingFamiliar Saying
Similar sire, similar scion.
Like father, like son!!
KetonesKetonesAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
KetonesKetones
•These are organic compounds that are primarily used as solvents.
•Ketones have the functional group of =O somewhere in the middle of the carbon chain.
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming KetonesKetones
1. Name the hydrocarbon chain.
2. End with –one.
3. Give the number of the carbon to which the ketone group is attached.
4. 2-propanone
5. Common name – acetone.
KetonesKetonesLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
The Scientific MethodThe Scientific Methodbegins with begins with
Questions about the World Around You.Questions about the World Around You.Ever Wonder Why?...Ever Wonder Why?...
teflon sticks to the pan in the first place?
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming KetonesKetones
1. Name the hydrocarbon chain.
2. End with –one.
3. Give the number of the carbon to which the ketone group is attached.
4. 4-methyl-2-pentanone
Hydrocarbons with Hydrocarbons with Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
AldehydesAldehydes
AldehydesAldehydesAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
AldehydesAldehydes
•These are organic compounds that are primarily used as preservatives.
•Aldehydes have the functional group of =O on the end of the carbon chain.
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming AldehydesAldehydes
1. Name the hydrocarbon chain.
2. End with –al.
3. methanal
4. Common name – formaldehyde.
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming AldehydesAldehydes
1. Name the hydrocarbon chain.
2. End with –al.
3. benzenal (benzaldehyde)
Familiar Saying
You cannot estimate the value of the contents of a bound, printed narrative or
record from its exterior vesture.
You can’t tell a book by its cover!
AldehydesAldehydesLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
Exit Quiz of Drawing Aldehydes:
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-
CH=O | CH3-CH2
4-ethylhexanal
Exit Quiz of Naming Aldehydes:
C-C-C-C-C-C=O |
C-C-C
2-propylhexanal
Happy Birthday Dirge
Happy Birthday, Happy Birthday,
Gloom and doom and dark despair
People dying everywhere.
Happy Birthday, Happy Birthday!
Hydrocarbons with Hydrocarbons with Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
EstersEsters
EstersEstersAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
7th Grade Science Answers
"Artifical insemination is when the farmer does it to the cow instead of the bull."
EstersEsters
•These are organic compounds that are primarily used as flavorings.
•Esters have the functional group of OC=O in the middle of the carbon chain.
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming EstersEsters
1. The carbon chain with the double bonded O is named last and gets the –oate ending.
2. The other chain is named as a alkyl group.
3. methylethanoate.
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming EstersEsters
1. The carbon chain with the double bonded O is named last and gets the –oate ending.
2. propanoate3. The other chain is named as a alkyl group.4. phenyl5. phenylpropanoate
EstersEstersLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
Exit Quiz for Naming Esters:
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-C-O-CH2-CH2-CH3
| || CH3 O
propyl-4-methylhexanoate
A.P. TEST IN BIOLOGYA.P. TEST IN BIOLOGY
Create life. Estimate the differences in Create life. Estimate the differences in subsequent human culture if this form of life had subsequent human culture if this form of life had
been developed 500 million years ago, with been developed 500 million years ago, with special attention to the probable effect on the special attention to the probable effect on the
English Parliamentary system. Prove your English Parliamentary system. Prove your hypothesis.hypothesis.
Exit Quiz for Drawing Esters:
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-C-O-CH3
| || CH3-CH2 O
methyl-4-ethylhexanoate
Hydrocarbons with Hydrocarbons with Functional GroupsFunctional Groups
AminesAmines
AminesAminesAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
AminesAmines
•These are organic compounds that are primarily used as part of amino acids for proteins and fertilizer.
•Amines have the functional group of -N on the end of the carbon chain as a primary amine
•Secondary amines have 2 carbon chains attached to the –N- and ternary amines have 3.
•Name each R group as an alkyl group in alphabetical order
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming AminesAmines
butylethylamine
AminesAminesLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group
Examples of Naming Examples of Naming AminesAmines
phenylamine
aniline/
aminobenzene ethylmethylphenylamine
Exit Quiz for Naming Amines:
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-CH3
| CH3
3-methylpentylpropylamine
Examples of Drawing Amines:
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-NH2
|
CH3-CH2
2-ethylbutylamine
Familiar Saying
Male cadavers are incapable of yielding any testimony.
Dead men tell no tales!!