Hydrogen Fuel
And its place in our future
Some Chemistry
2 H2+ O2
2 H2O + 572 kJ
Fuel Cells – Basic Operation• Chemical Energy -> Electricity + Heat• Requires constant supply of H2 and O2
Fuel Cells
Each cell produces about 0.7 volts
Stack: cells in series/parallel combination
Normal Efficiency: 40-60%◦Cogeneration Efficiency: Up to 85%
Zero Emissions
Fuel Cells - Applications
Stationary Power Generation
Remote Applications
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
Fuel Cells - Production
U.S. Department of Energy◦2002: $375/kw◦2010: $51/kw◦2012 target: $30/kw
Production
Steam Reforming: 95% of US production
Electrolysis of Water
The Green Solution: Electrolysis
Compressed
Liquid
Chemical Storage
Storage and Transportation
Storage and Transportation
Flammable in a 4-75% concentration by volume
Low viscosity, creating high leakage rates
Stored at high pressure and low temperature
Safety