Hydrologic Information System for the NationHydrologic Information System for the Nation
David R. MaidmentDavid R. Maidment
DirectorDirectorCenter for Research Center for Research in Water Resources, in Water Resources,
University of Texas University of Texas at Austinat Austin
Consortium of Universities for the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc (CUAHSI)(CUAHSI)
• Supported by the Supported by the National Science National Science FoundationFoundation
• Develops Develops cyberinfrastructure and cyberinfrastructure and servicesservices for hydrologic for hydrologic science in US science in US universitiesuniversities
• Legally independent Legally independent organization based in organization based in Washington DCWashington DC
CUAHSI HydroView Components
HydrologicSynthesis
HydrologicObservatories
HydrologicInformation
Systems
MeasurementTechnology
CUAHSI HIS Partner InstitutionsCUAHSI HIS Partner Institutions
Project Collaborator
CUAHSI Member
CUAHSI has 110 member universities
HIS GoalsHIS Goals
• Hydrologic Data Access SystemHydrologic Data Access System – better – better access to a large volume of high quality access to a large volume of high quality hydrologic datahydrologic data
• Support for ObservatoriesSupport for Observatories – synthesizing – synthesizing hydrologic data for a regionhydrologic data for a region
• Advancement of Hydrologic ScienceAdvancement of Hydrologic Science – data – data modeling and advanced analysismodeling and advanced analysis
• Hydrologic EducationHydrologic Education – better data in the – better data in the classroom, basin-focused teachingclassroom, basin-focused teaching
• Most used Most used applicationsapplications areare– ExcelExcel– ArcGISArcGIS– MatlabMatlab
• Then come Then come programming programming languageslanguages– FortranFortran– C/C++C/C++– Visual BasicVisual Basic
Which of the four HIS goals is most important to you?
DataDataAccessAccess
ScienceScience ObservatoriesObservatories
EducationEducation
CUAHSI Member Survey ResultsCUAHSI Member Survey Results
1:1200 scale1:1200 scale
CUAHSI Hydrologic Information SystemCUAHSI Hydrologic Information System
United States1:500,000 scale1:500,000 scale
River Basin1:100,000 scale1:100,000 scale
Watershed1:24,000 scale1:24,000 scale
River reach
A multiscale web portal system for water data and models
Point scalePoint scaleA home
1:1,000,000 scale1:1,000,000 scaleNorth American
and Global
Rainfall & SnowWater quantity
and quality
Remote sensing
Water DataWater Data
Modeling Meteorology
Soil water
Water Data Web SitesWater Data Web Sites
NWISWeb site outputNWISWeb site output# agency_cd Agency Code# site_no USGS station number# dv_dt date of daily mean streamflow# dv_va daily mean streamflow value, in cubic-feet per-second# dv_cd daily mean streamflow value qualification code## Sites in this file include:# USGS 02087500 NEUSE RIVER NEAR CLAYTON, NC#agency_cd site_no dv_dt dv_va dv_cdUSGS 02087500 2003-09-01 1190USGS 02087500 2003-09-02 649USGS 02087500 2003-09-03 525USGS 02087500 2003-09-04 486USGS 02087500 2003-09-05 733USGS 02087500 2003-09-06 585USGS 02087500 2003-09-07 485USGS 02087500 2003-09-08 463USGS 02087500 2003-09-09 673USGS 02087500 2003-09-10 517USGS 02087500 2003-09-11 454
Time series of streamflow at a gaging station
CUAHSI Hydrologic Data Access CUAHSI Hydrologic Data Access SystemSystem
A common data window for accessing, viewing and downloading hydrologic information
USGSUSGS
NASANASANCDCNCDCEPAEPA NWSNWS
Observatory DataObservatory Data
http://river.sdsc.edu/HDAS
Observation StationsObservation Stations
Ameriflux Towers (NASA & DOE) NOAA Automated Surface Observing System
USGS National Water Information System NOAA Climate Reference Network
Observation Stations Map for the USObservation Stations Map for the US
NWIS Station Observation MetadataNWIS Station Observation Metadata
Describe what has been measured at this station
NWISNWIS
ArcGISArcGIS
ExcelExcel
NCARNCAR
LTERLTER
NAWQANAWQAStoretStoret
NCDCNCDC
AmerifluxAmeriflux
MatlabMatlab
AccessAccess SASSAS
FortranFortran
Visual BasicVisual Basic
C/C++C/C++
Some operational services
CUAHSI Web ServicesCUAHSI Web Services
Data SourcesData Sources
ApplicationsApplications
Extract
Transform
Load
Web Page ScrapingWeb Page Scraping
ProgrammaticallyProgrammatically construct a construct a URL string as produced by URL string as produced by manual usemanual use of the web page of the web page
http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/discharge?site_no=02087500&agency_cd=USGS&....http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/discharge?site_no=02087500&agency_cd=USGS&....
ParseParse the resulting ASCII file the resulting ASCII file
CUAHSI Web ServicesCUAHSI Web Services
Web ServicesLibrary
Web Application: Data Portal
Your application• Excel, ArcGIS, Matlab• Fortran, C/C++, Visual Basic• Hydrologic model• …………….
Your operating system• Windows, Unix, Linux, Mac
Internet Simple Object Access Protocol
Technology transfer from Technology transfer from academiaacademia to to privateprivate sector sector to to publicpublic sector took sector took less than 1 week!less than 1 week!
Transfer of Research ResultsTransfer of Research Results
• Friday Oct 28:Friday Oct 28: I announced the NWIS web services in a I announced the NWIS web services in a CUAHSI cyberseminarCUAHSI cyberseminar
• Wednesday Nov 2:Wednesday Nov 2: Jason Love, from a private firm, RESPEC, Jason Love, from a private firm, RESPEC, in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, posted on the in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, posted on the EPAEPA Basins list Basins list server:server: ““Occasionally one comes across something that is worth sharing; Occasionally one comes across something that is worth sharing;
the CUAHSI Hydrologic Information Systems - Web Services Library for the CUAHSI Hydrologic Information Systems - Web Services Library for NWIS is a valuable tool for those of us interested in rapidly acquiring and NWIS is a valuable tool for those of us interested in rapidly acquiring and processing data from the USGS, e.g., calibrating models and performing processing data from the USGS, e.g., calibrating models and performing watershed assessments.”watershed assessments.”
• He provided a tutorialHe provided a tutorial on how to use the services with Matlab on how to use the services with Matlab
Series and FieldsSeries and Fields
FeaturesPoint, line, area, volume
Discrete space representation
Series – ordered sequence of numbersTime series – indexed by time
Frequency series – indexed by frequency
Surfaces Fields – multidimensional arrays
Scalar fields – single value at each locationVector fields – magnitude and direction Random fields – probability distribution
Continuous space representation
mm / 3 hours
Precipitation Evaporation
North American Regional North American Regional Reanalysis of ClimateReanalysis of Climate
Variation during the day, July 2003
NetCDF format
Digital WatershedDigital Watershed
How can hydrologists integrate observed and modeled data from various sources into a single description of the environment?
Digital WatershedDigital Watershed
A digital watershed is an overlay of observation series and fields on a geospatial framework to form a connected database for a hydrologic region
DigitalWatershed
Hydrologic Hydrologic Observation SeriesObservation Series
GeospatialGeospatialDataData
Remote SensingRemote SensingFieldsFields
Weather andWeather andClimate FieldsClimate Fields
Digital Watershed:Digital Watershed:Prototype for the Neuse basinPrototype for the Neuse basin
CUAHSI Hydrologic Information SystemCUAHSI Hydrologic Information System
Hydrologic Information SystemHydrologic Information System
Hydrologic Hydrologic Observing Observing
SystemSystem
Hydrologic Hydrologic Modeling Modeling SystemSystem
Watershed HydrovolumesWatershed Hydrovolumes
Geovolume is theportion of a hydrovolumethat contains solidearth materials
USGS Gaging stations
Hydrovolume
Water Balance ModelWater Balance Model
Precipitation
Streamflow
Vertical water fluxes of evaporation, precipitation, and groundwater, and inflow and outflow in streams, change water storage in watershed
Groundwater recharge
Evaporation
Storage Streamflow
“How much water do we have? “ George W. Bush during 1996 Texas drought
Water Balancing ModelFields Series Geospatial
Water OneStopWater OneStop
• Like Geospatial OneStop, we need a Like Geospatial OneStop, we need a “Water “Water OneStop”OneStop” – a common window for water data and – a common window for water data and modelsmodels
• Advancement of Advancement of water sciencewater science is critically is critically dependent on dependent on integration of water informationintegration of water information
Federal
AcademicLocal
State