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I-N-D-E-P-E-N-D-E-N-T variables, dependent variables, and constants
Catalyst What question is this data
table answering? What is one conclusion we
can make from looking at this data table?----------------------------------
Write a hypothesis to answer this question: Why is hydro (water) power used so often?----------------------------------
Weekly Goal
Write in
complete sentences!
Don’t talk during
the Catalyst!
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Today’s Agenda
Catalyst Quiz grades Variables Notes and Practice Time
I-N-D-E-P-E-N-D-E-N-T! DEPENDENT CONSTANTS
Exit QuestionHOMEWORK TONIGHT!UNIT TEST ON FRIDAY!
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Quiz Class Averages
2CHEM 78
3BIO 73
4BIO 58
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Objectives
By the end of today, SWBAT… Identify independent and dependent variables, and constants in a scientific experiment
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Experimentation
Key Point #1: A proper experiment always has an independent variable and dependent variable. The purpose of an experiment is to test how changing ONE THING affects something else.
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Variables
Independent Variable: what causes the change we are measuring (acts independently)
Dependent variable: what gets changed (depends on other things)
Remember Variables are always CATEGORIES of
things: time, amount, frequency, size, type Variables are NEVER specific things!!!
Green text = I’m teaching you a definition.
Write it.Write it.
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Teacher Models
Scientists have discovered something shocking: if you eat a lot of candy, then you will gain fat. What is the independent variable?A. Eat a lot of candyB. Type of candy you eatC. Amount of candy you eatD. How much weight you gain
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Teacher Models
Happy students learn more in school. So, Ms. S believes that starting school later would increase test scores. What is the dependent variable?A. Starting school laterB. Happy studentsC. Time that school startsD. Test scores
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NEW PROCEDURE!
WHITEBOARDS!
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Whiteboard Practice Goal: 90 s
When Ms. S says “GO!” Send one member of your group
to get whiteboards and markers for everyone (back shelf)
Send up another member of your group to get erasers – one for every two people (lab table)
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Set Up Your Whiteboard
#1
a.
b.
c.
d.
#3
a.
b.
c.
d.
#2
a.
b.
c.
d.
#4
a.
b.
c.
d.
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Whiteboards 1
Ms. S believes that the more you study, the better grades you’ll earn. What is the independent variable?A. Studying moreB. Amount of time you studyC. Grade earnedD. Type of test
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Whiteboards 2
Tyranea is always cold in class. She hypothesizes that if she wears many layers of clothing to school, then she will be warmer. What is the dependent variable?A. Number of layers Tyranea wearsB. How cold Tyranea isC. Temperature of the roomD. Tyranea will be warmer
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Whiteboards 3
Ms. Sanacore’s students want to test how easily bought off she is. Students who give her an apple get a “C.” Students who give her peanut M+M’s get an “A.” What is the independent variable?A. Type of foodB. Apples and M+MsC. “A” on the report cardD. Report card
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Whiteboards 4
Jenika hates running, but loves listening to music. She believes that if she listens to music while running, then she will run more often. What is the dependent variable?A. She will run more oftenB. Listens to music while runningC. Frequency that Jenika runsD. What Jenika listens to
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If you’re having trouble…
4 minutes 26 mg of baking
soda Lifting weights
every day Medium t-shirts Bullfrog 16 candles Never gets sick
Time to get dressed Amount of baking
soda Frequency of lifting
weights Size of t-shirts Type of frog Number of candles Degree of health
WRONG RIGHT
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Review
Ms. S believes that the more you study, the better grades you’ll earn. What is the independent variable?A. Studying moreB. Amount of time you studyC. Grade earnedD. Type of test
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Review
Tyranea is always cold in class. She hypothesizes that if she wears many layers of clothing to school, then she will be warmer. What is the dependent variable?A. Number of layers Tyranea wearsB. How cold Tyranea isC. Temperature of the roomD. Tyranea will be warmer
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Review
Ms. Sanacore’s students want to test how easily bought off she is. Students who give her an apple get a “C.” Students who give her peanut M+Ms get an “A.” What is the independent variable?A. Type of foodB. Apples and M+MsC. “A” on the report cardD. Report card
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Review
Jenika hates running, but loves listening to music. She believes that if she listens to music while running, then she will run more often. What is the dependent variable?A. She will run more oftenB. Listens to music while runningC. Frequency that Jenika runsD. What Jenika listens to
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Guided Practice Worksheet
8 minutes to complete independently (on your own, silently)
3 minutes to compare answers
WORK HARD. It will help you with homework tonight.
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Constants
Key Point #2: Everything but the independent and dependent variable must be kept constant. Constant: variable we keep the same
If many different things change at once, we don’t know what causes the change!
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Example
Let’s say we want to design an experiment to determine what causes GSP to win fights.
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Number of fights that GSP wins
Cause and Effect!
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Answer in notes
Jay-Z hypothesizes that if he stops cussing, then he will sell fewer CDs because students like cussing. What is the IV? What is the DV? What are the constants?
Remember, variables are CATEGORIES.
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If Jay-Z stops cussing, then he will sell fewer CDs because students like cussing. IV
Frequency that Jay-Z cusses How often Jay-Z cusses Amount of curse words in Jay-Z songs
DV Number of CDs Jay-Z sells How many CDs Jay-Z sells
Constant Amount of money CDs cost Number of tracks on each CD How good each CD is
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CLEAR YOUR WHITEBOAR
D!
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Set Up Your Whiteboard
IV =
DV =
Constant(s) =
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Practice
You want to know when in the year there are the most love bugs. Every night, you record how many love bugs you find outside.
IV =
DV =
Constant =
Time of year (season/month)
Amount of love bugs
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Practice
Jenika needs to run a 6 minute mile to pass PE. She believes that if she runs every day, then she will be able to run faster.
IV =
DV =
Constant =
Frequency that Jenika runs
Mile time
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Practice
Students of different genders were given the same puzzle to assemble. The puzzle assembly time was measured.
IV =
DV =
Constant =
Type of gender
Time to assemble puzzle
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If there are more students, then there will be more school
buses.
IV =
DV =
Constant =
Amount of students
Number of school buses
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If the cost of beignets increases, then fewer will be sold.
What depends on what?
IV =
DV =
Constant =
Amount each beignet costsNumber of beignets sold
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IV = Number of free agents
DV = Number of games won
Constant =
If the Saints sign more free agents, then they will win more games.
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Conclusion
A proper experiment always has an independent variable and dependent variable. Independent Variable: what causes
the change we are measuring Dependent variable: what gets
changed Constant: variable we keep the same
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Exit Question
Let’s say you want to figure out if drinking milk actually makes you taller. So you drink a glass of milk every day, and record your height every day. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? What are at least two constants?
Write in complete sentences!
Don’t talk during the Exit Question!