© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM's Cloud Computing Reference Architecture
Contribution to The Open Group
Heather Kreger,
CTO International Standards,
IBM
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Agenda
Introduction
– SOA and Cloud
– Using the SoA RA with the CCRA
Cloud Computing Reference Architecture
– Intro
– Roles
– Architectural Elements
– Cloud Service Provider
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Definition of cloud (NIST)
Cloud solutions require support for
– On-demand self-service
– Broad network access
– Resource pooling
– Rapid elasticity
– Measured Service Infrastructure-as-a-Service
Platform-as-a-Service
Software-as-a-Service
Public Hybrid
Private
Didn’t we do all of this
with SOA?
© 2011 IBM Corporation
The SOA RA and Cloud … We did – created solutions unique for each
…What is different about cloud?
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Definition of cloud (NIST)
Cloud solutions require support for
– On-demand self-service
– Broad network access
– Resource pooling
– Rapid elasticity
– Measured Service Infrastructure-as-a-Service
Platform-as-a-Service
Software-as-a-Service
Public Hybrid
Private
What’s different about
Cloud?
Solutions for the entire
cloud community
Standards
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Definition of cloud (NIST)
Cloud solutions require support for
On-demand self-service
Broad network access
Resource pooling
Rapid elasticity
Measured Service
Which Implies solution need
Multi-tenancy
Automated Management
Business support –
Subscription, Usage, Billing
Dynamic provisioning
Virtualization
Therefore Services need… Automated delivery of cloud
service
Automated Management of Cloud
service offering
Business support – Subscription,
Usage, Billing of cloud service and
offering
Virtualization of resources to
support the cloud service
Cloud service instances as the
unit of delivery
A focus on management
infrastructure Kinds of
services
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Cloud Architecture and Service Oriented Architecture
Differentiation
Cloud Architecture is Service oriented
Cloud Architectures are instances of Service Oriented Architectures
(SOA)
– Some architectural decisions have been made
– More concrete on our continuum
A Cloud Solution (adhering to the Cloud Architecture) is a SOA
Solution
All Cloud services are SOA services
– BUT NOT all SOA services are also Cloud services
SOA is the meta model for Cloud Architecture
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Using the SOA RA with the CCRA
© 2011 IBM Corporation
The Cloud Computing Reference Architecture
Governance
Security, Resiliency, Performance & Consumability
Cloud ServiceCreator
Cloud ServiceConsumer
Cloud Service Provider
Common Cloud
Management Platform (CCMP)
Operational
Support
Services
(OSS)
Cloud Services
Inf rastructure-as-a-Service
Platform-as-a-Service
Software-as-a-Service
Business-Process-
as-a-Service
Business
Support
Services
(BSS)
Cloud Service
IntegrationTools
ConsumerIn-house IT
Service Creation
Tools
Inf rastructure
Existing & 3rd party
services, Partner
Ecosystems
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Cloud Service Creator – Service Development Tools
Governance
Security, Resiliency, Performance & Consumability
Cloud ServiceCreator
Cloud ServiceConsumer
Cloud Service Provider
Common Cloud
Management Platform (CCMP)
Operational
Support
Services
(OSS)
Cloud Services
Inf rastructure-as-a-Service
Platform-as-a-Service
Software-as-a-Service
Business-Process-
as-a-Service
Business
Support
Services
(BSS)
Cloud Service
IntegrationTools
ConsumerIn-house IT
Inf rastructure
Existing & 3rd party
services, Partner
Ecosystems
Service Creation
Tools
Service Management Development
Tools
Service Runtime Development
Tools
Software Development
Tools
Image Creation Tools
Service
Component
Developer
Service
Composer
Offering
Manager
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Cloud Service Consumer
Governance
Security, Resiliency, Performance & Governance
Cloud ServiceCreator
Cloud ServiceConsumer
Cloud Service Provider
Common Cloud
Management Platform (CCMP)
Operational
Support
Services
(OSS)
Cloud Services
Inf rastructure-as-a-Service
Platform-as-a-Service
Software-as-a-Service
Business-Process-
as-a-Service
Business
Support
Services
(BSS)
Service Creation
Tools
Inf rastructure
Existing & 3rd party
services, Partner
EcosystemsCloud Service Integration
Tools
Consumer In-
house IT
Infrastructure
Middleware
Applications
Business Processes
Consumer
Administrator
Consumer
Business
Manager
Consumer End
user
Service
Integrator
Serv
ice M
anagem
ent
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Cloud Service Provider - Services
Governance
Security, Resiliency, Performance & Consumability
Cloud ServiceCreator
Cloud ServiceConsumer
Cloud Service Provider
Common Cloud
Management Platform (CCMP)
Operational
Support
Services
(OSS)
Cloud Services
Inf rastructure-as-a-Service
Platform-as-a-Service
Software-as-a-Service
Business-Process-
as-a-Service
Business
Support
Services
(BSS)
Cloud Service
IntegrationTools
ConsumerIn-house IT
Service Creation
Tools
Inf rastructure
Existing & 3rd party
services, Partner
Ecosystems
Infr
astr
uctu
reM
gm
t In
terf
aces
Pla
tform
Mg
mt
Inte
rfaces
Softw
are
M
gm
tIn
terf
aces
BP
Mg
mt
Inte
rfaces
AP
I
AP
I
AP
I
AP
I
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Cloud Service Provider - Infrastructure
Governance
Security, Resiliency, Performance & Consumability
Cloud ServiceCreator
Cloud ServiceConsumer
Cloud Service Provider
Common Cloud Management Platform
Operational
Support Services
(OSS)
Cloud Services
Infrastructure-as-a-Service
Platform-as-a-Service
Software-as-a-Service
Business-Process-
as-a-Service
Business Support
Services (BSS)
Cloud Service
IntegrationTools
ConsumerIn-house IT
Service Creation
Tools
Inf rastructure
Server Storage Network Facilities
Processor
Memory
Nodes
Drives
Ephemeral
Persistent
Internal
External
Inter-site
Location
Power
Existing & 3rd party
services, Partner
Ecosystems
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Cloud Service Provider – Common Cloud Management Platform
(CCMP)
Governance
Security, Resiliency, Performance & Consumability
Cloud ServiceCreator
Cloud Service ProviderCloud ServiceConsumer
Cloud Services
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
BPaaS
Common Cloud
Management Platform
OSS – Operational Support
Services
BSS – Business Support
Services
Subscription Management
PricingEntitlement
Management
Metering Rating Billing
Clearing & Settlement
Accounts Payable
Accounts Receivable
Customer Account
Management
Service Offering
Catalog
Service Offering
Management
Contracts & Agreement
Management
Service Request
Management
Order Management
Transition
Manager
Deployment
Architect
Operations
Manager
Service Provider Portal & API
Inf rastructure
Security &
Risk Manager
Customer
Care
Service
Manager
Business
Manager
Serv
ice C
onsum
er P
orta
l & A
PI
Serv
ice D
evelo
pm
ent
Porta
l & A
PI
Existing &
3rd party
services,
Partner
Ecosystems
Service Creation
Tools
Cloud Service
IntegrationTools
ConsumerIn-house IT
Provisioning
Incident & Problem
Management
IT Service Level
Management
Service Automation Management
Service Delivery Catalog
Service Request
Management
Change & Configuration
Management
Image Lifecycle
Management
Monitoring & Event
Management
IT Asset & License
Management
Capacity & Performance
Management
Platform & Virtualization Management
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Cloud Service Provider – Security, Resiliency, Performance, &
Consumability
Governance
Security, Resiliency, Performance & Consumability
Cloud Service Provider Cloud ServiceCreator
Cloud ServiceConsumer
Cloud Service Integration
Tools
ConsumerIn-house IT
Service Creation Tools
Common Cloud Management Platform
Operational Support Services
(OSS)
Cloud Services
Infrastructure-as-a-Service
Platform-as-a-Service
Software-as-a-Service
Business-Process-as-a-Service
Business Support
Services (BSS)
Infrastructure
Existing & 3rd party services, Partner
Ecosystems
Security Resiliency
Security Policy
Threat & Vulnerability Management
Software, System
& Service
Assurance
Security Entitlement
Access & Identity
Lifecycle
Management
Governance
Data policy enforcement
Data Resiliency
Configuration for Resiliency
Resiliency
Monitoring /
Analysis
Resiliency Compliance Assessment
Resiliency Policy Management
Availability & Continuity
Management
ConsumabilityEase of Doing
Business
Positive First Use Experience
Rapidly Integrates
Readily Adapts
Simplified Operations
Security Event Management
Data and
Information
Protection
© 2011 IBM Corporation
References
The Open Group, The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), Definition of the term
“Architectural Principle”, http://www.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf8-
doc/arch/chap29.html
Barroso A., Hölzle U., The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of
Warehouse-Scale Machines
Amazon, AWS and EC2 resources
Google App Engine articles
Meyer, B., Object-Oriented Software Construction, 2nd edition. Prentice Hall, 2000.
IBM GTW world-wide CoP lecture series (contact: Teisha Harry)
National Institute of Standards and Technologies; Draft NIST Working Definition of Cloud
Computing, May 14, 2009
© 2011 IBM Corporation 17
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (CC RA) – Overall drill-down
Governance
Security, Resiliency, Performance & Consumability
Cloud Service Provider
Cloud Services
IaaSIaaS
PaaSPaaS
SaaSSaaS
BPaaSBPaaS
Common Cloud
Management Platform
Cloud Service Integration
Tools
Cloud Service Integration
Tools
Consumer In-
house IT
InfrastructureInfrastructure
MiddlewareMiddleware
ApplicationsApplications
Business ProcessesBusiness
Processes
OSS – Operational Support
Services
OSS – Operational Support
Services
ProvisioningProvisioningIncident & Problem
Management
Incident & Problem
Management
IT Service Level
Management
IT Service Level
Management
Service Automation ManagementService Automation Management
Service Delivery CatalogService Delivery Catalog
BSS – Business Support
Services
BSS – Business Support
Services
Customer Account
Management
Customer Account
Management
Service Offering Catalog
Service Offering Catalog
Service Offering
Management
Service Offering
Management
Transition
Manager
Transition
Manager
Deployment
Architect
Deployment
Architect
Operations
Manager
Operations
Manager
Service Provider Portal & APIService Provider Portal & API
Consumer
Administrator
Consumer
Business
Manager
Consumer
Business
Manager
Consumer End
user
Service Creation
Tools
Service Management Development
Tools
Service Management Development
Tools
Service Runtime
Development
Tools
Software Development
Tools
Software Development
Tools
Image Creation Tools
Image Creation Tools
Service
Component
Developer
Service
Component
Developer
InfrastructureInfrastructure
Security &
Risk Manager
Security &
Risk Manager
Customer
Care
Customer
Care
Service
Manager
Service
Manager
Business
Manager
Business
Manager
Service
Composer
Service
Composer
Offering
Manager
Offering
ManagerService
Integrator
Service
Integrator
Bu
siness P
rocesses
Bu
siness P
rocesses
Service Co
nsu
me
r Po
rtal & A
PI
Service Co
nsu
me
r Po
rtal & A
PI
Service Develo
pm
ent P
ortal &
AP
IService D
evelop
men
t Po
rtal & A
PI
AP
IA
PI
AP
IA
PI
AP
IA
PI
AP
IA
PI
Existing &
3rd party
services,
Partner
Ecosystems
© 2011 IBM Corporation
+
Consumer Interfaces
Business Processes
Services
Service Components
Operational Systems
Integratio
n
Qu
ality of Service
Info
rmatio
n
Go
vernan
ce
SOA Reference
Architecture
+ SOA
Reference Architecture
Service Categories
= Cloud
specifics
• Problem domain
constrained to
“service delivery
& consumption”
• Ecosystem
Aspects
(Consumer,
Provider, Creator)
• Mgmt & delivery
• I/P/S/BPaaS
• Virtualization
• Engineering of
infrastructure
Cloud Reference
Architecture
From SOA to Cloud Architecture
Governance
Security, Resiliency, Performance & Consumability
Cloud ServiceCreator
Cloud ServiceConsumer
Cloud Service Provider
Common Cloud
Management Platform (CCMP)
Operational
Support
Services
(OSS)
Cloud Services
Inf rastructure-as-a-Service
Platform-as-a-Service
Software-as-a-Service
Business-Process-
as-a-Service
Business
Support
Services
(BSS)
Cloud Service
IntegrationTools
ConsumerIn-house IT
Service Creation
Tools
Inf rastructure
Existing & 3rd party
services, Partner
Ecosystems
Add cloud specific characteristics •Multi-tenancy
•Automated Management
•Business support – Subscription, Usage,
Billing
•Dynamic provisioning
•Virtualization
Add cloud characteristics according to
NIST •On-demand self-service
•Broad network access
•Resource pooling
•Rapid elasticity
•Measured Service
Management Platform (CCMP)
Cloud ServiceCreator
Service Creation
Tools
Infrastructure
backup
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Consumer Interfaces
Business
Processes
Service Components
Operational Systems
Inte
gra
tion
Quality
of S
erv
ice
In
form
atio
n
Go
vernan
ce
Services
CCRA V1 rearranged into the SOA RA Diagram
Security Resiliency Command &
Control
Security Policy
Threat &
Vulnerability
Software, System &
Service Assurance
Access
Management
Security
Entitlement
Identity Lifecycle
Management
Audit & Compliance
Management
Data policy
enforcement
Data Resiliency
Configuration for
Resiliency
Resiliency Monitoring /
Analysis
Resiliency Compliance Assessment
Resiliency Policy Management
Availability & Continuity Management
Consumability Ease of Doing
Business
Positive First
Use Experience
Rapidly
Integrates
Readily Adapts
Simplified
Operations
Common Cloud
Management Platform
OSS – Operational Support Services
Provisioning Incident & Problem
Management
IT Service Level
Management
Service Automation Management
Service Delivery Catalog
Service Request
Management
Change &
Configuration
Management
Image Lifecycle
Management
Monitoring & Event
Management
IT Asset & License
Management
Capacity &
Performance
Management
BSS – Business Support Services
Subscription
Management Pricing
Entitlement
Management
Metering Rating Billing
Clearing &
Settlement Accounts Payable
Accounts
Receivable
Customer Account
Management
Service Offering
Catalog
Service Offering
Management
Contracts &
Agreement
Management
Service Request
Management Order Management
Transition
Manager
Deployment
Architect
Operations
Manager
Service Provider Portal & API
Security &
Risk Manager
Service
Manager
Business
Manager
Servic
e C
onsum
er P
orta
l & A
PI
Servic
e D
eve
lop
men
t Porta
l & A
PI
Customer
Care
Infrastructure Server Storage Network Facilities
Processor
Memory
Nodes
Drives Ephemer
al Persistent
Internal
External
Inter-site
Location
Power
Cloud Services
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
BPaaS
AP
I
AP
I
AP
I
AP
I
Existing & 3rd party
services, Partner
Ecosystems
Cloud Service Creator Service Creation Tools
Service Management
Development Tools
Service Runtime Development Tools
Software Development
Tools
Image Creation Tools
Service Component
Developer
Service Composer Offering
Manager
Cloud Service Consumer
Consumer
Business
Manager
Service
Integrator
Cloud Service
Integration Tools
Consumer Administrator
Consumer End
user
Consumer In-house IT
Infrastructure Middleware Applications Business Processes
Bu
sin
ess
Pro
ce
sse
s
backup
