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IDS 3211 Global Climate Change:Science, Society and Solutions
Science Parthttp://vortex.ihrc.fiu.edu/IDS_3211C/IDS3211.htm
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• Climate: “average” weather conditions, but the average doesn’t stay steady. I.e. Ice ages, El Niño, etc.
A typical weather map for a day in late December Mean percentage of possible sunshine in November
1. Weather and Climate (Page 10)
• Weather: state of the atmosphere at a given time and place. It is constantly changing.
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2. The climate System (Page 10-11)
Four “Spheres” in the climate system: Geosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere
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All Parts of the Climate-System Are Linked
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3. World Climate (Page 11)
Climate Classification
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Climate Controls (pages 10-13)
LatitudeLand and WaterGeographic PositionMountains and HighlandsOcean CurrentsPressure and Wind Systems
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4. Detecting Climate Change (Pages, 40-43)
• Proxy data – indirect evidence using natural recorders of climate variability– Sea floor sediments– Oxygen isotope analysis– Coral deposits– Glacial ice rings– Tree rings– Fossil Pollen – Historical documents
• Paleoclimatology
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5. Natural Causes of Climate Change (Pages 18, 34, 40,62-63)
Change in Solar energy and activities
Variations in Earth’s Orbit
Plate Tectonics
Volcanic Eruptions
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6. Climate and Atmosphere (Pages 12, 13)
Composition
of
atmosphere
Vertical
structure of
atmosphere
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What drives atmospheric motions? (Page 13)
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7. Climate and Ocean Currents (Pages 11, 49, 61)
Surface Current:
Wind driven
•Currents equalize global temperatures•Currents control climate
Deep ocean current: Density driven
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8. Humans and Climate Change (Pgaes 19, 32-35,46-47)
Human impacts• Green house gas production• Land use• Deforestation• Pollutants• “bad” compounds for the atmosphere…
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Atmosphere’s Greenhouse Effect (Pages 14, 22-27,34-35,41-43
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Water Phase Changes
Greenhouse gas: Water vapor
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Carbon Cycle The lifetime of CO2 inthe atmosphere is about a decade. But this uptake and releaseIs balanced. It just recycle it. Ocean candissolve some CO2 asa removal mechanism. But it is a very slow process (hundreds or thousands of years).
But excessive use of fossil fuels break thebalance.
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Trace gases, other important greenhouse gases (Pages 28-29)
CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22
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Ozone layer and climate (Pages 30-31)
The Ozone Hole
First team activity: Discussion of greenhouse effect and global warming
First Exam
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9. Complication in Climate Change (Pages 24-25)
Systems
Feedback
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10.El Niño and La Niña (Pages 49-50, 90-91,103)
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TahitiDarwin
1958-1998
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (Pages 90, 199)
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11. Extreme climate anomalies: Western North American drought, 2003 European heat wave, hurricane activity, snow vanishing (Pages 48-59)
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12. General Circulation Models (Pages 65)
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13. Climate-Cloud feedback (Pages 25, 31, 178)
14. Climate-Aerosol feedback (Pages 18-19, 45, 179, 184)
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15. How sensitive is the climate? (Page 78-85)
Modern evidence
Evidence from the past centuries
Evidence from deep time
16. Fossil-fuel emissions scenarios (Page 86-91)
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17. Geographical pattern of future warming (Page 92-93)
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18. Nature’s response to CO2 increase (Page94-97)
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19. Changes in the Oceans (Page 98-99)
Polar Ice Melting
Ocean acidity increase
Rising Sea Level
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20. Future changes in extreme weather (Page 100-103)
21. Is a greenhouse world a better world (Page 104-105)
Second team activity: Discussion of possible climate change in different fossil-fuel emissions scenarios
Second Exam