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I.G. Meistera,*, T. Kringsb, H. Foltysa, B. Boroojerdia, M. Mu¨ llera, R. To¨ppera, A. Thronb
Cognitive Brain Research 19 (2004) 219– 228
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Introduction:Read notes & play piano = very complex
motor taskNotereading:
Visual spatial domain program with infoMusical syntax MUSIC!
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Introduction:Rehearse skills with
practiceMENTAL IMAGERY
PerformanceMOTOR IMAGERY:
mental stimulation of action in *Visuomotor system
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Motor Imagery & Motor ActionSimilar timingInvolve same muscles in corticospinal
excitabilityProven in fMRI studies (Fadiga, 1999)
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Experimental Task:Aim: Investigate cortical network during
performance & imagery of music12 music academy students Use an electronic keyboard that produced
no soundsPlay the right hand part of a Bartok pieceBefore fMRI, subject practiced until
familiar
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Performance: Imagery:Subjects played
the presented music with their RH on the keyboard
Instructed to read the notes & imagine themselves playing the presented music
Not moving their hands
Watched by videocamera
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After fMRI-sessionCompleted a questionnaire about their
sensations during the conditionsRated the difficulty of the piano pieceFilled out the “Vividness of Mental Imagery
Questionnaire”
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Results:Both: bilateral
frontoparietal network, precuneus, medial of BA 40
Performance: contralateral PMC, posterior parietal cortex bilaterally
Imagery: bilaterally extrastriate cortex
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Discussion:Comparing pixels, imagery= smallerThe differences in accordance with prior studiesSMA & PMC activated predominantly in left
hemisphereReflects the roles: motor execution
Posterior parietal cortex visuomotor transformation
Precuneus working memory processesCerebellum crucial for motor imagery;
motor/rhythm timing & coordinationmany more structures
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Conclusion:Performance & imagery: FRONTOPARIETAL NETWORK:
motor imagery & visuomotor associationOCCIPITAL NETWORK:
notereadingGreater fMRI activation in performance
At posterior parietal areas & Primary sensorimotor cortices
Reflects higher level of visuomotor integrationWhole activated network- rhythms, pitch
discrimination
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Strengths:Very precise & controlledStudied a lot of different networks in the
brain
Limitations:None?
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My Opinions:Very interesting paper since I’m also a pianist
Would there be a difference in RH- Dominant players and LH- Dominant players?
What about those gifted children?6 yrs old who can play &compose like Mozart?http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=vUx4t4W4eVY
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Professional vs Beginner
VSVS
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