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I.I. vs. FPD
Pros of FPDsPros of FPDs Low weight and dimension)
Stability through device life
Better image quality
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Non ideal trajectory
Irregular sampling stepOff-line calibration requiredOff-line calibration required
A calibration ring phantom with metal beads is used for calibration.
Calibration should be performed for each used scan trajectory, since mechanical distortion is specific
Calibration sets the correct correspondence between 2D projection and 3D position. It is repeated weekly.
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Workstation Processing
MIP (Maximum Intensity Projection)
SSD (Surface Shaded Display)
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Workstation Processing
Surface vs. Volume Rendering
Virtual Navigator
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Workstation Processing
Processing della workstation
Coils and Clips
Calibrated anatomycal measures
Opposite to DSA (Digital Subtraction Angiography), which deletes still objects, this algorithm does reconstruct high contrast objects not moving and varying during the scan and enhances them over the vascular anatomy
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Risultati
Immagine DSA standard
Aneurismi multipli dell’arteria carotide interna
Viste ottenute con Volume Rendering (differenti proiezioni)
Aneurismi multipli dell’arteria carotide interna
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Dental FPD CT
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Giuseppe Gentil, Francesco Maffesanti, Massimo Molinari, 2005/06
Multislice helical CT
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scan start
multi-row detector array
trajectory of the rotatingx-ray tube focal spot
direction ofcontinuousbed shift
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multi-row detector array
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z axismulti-row detector array
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Reslicing
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Maximum intensity projection
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Rendering
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Navigation
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CRANIOPLASTICS
Application in the field of maxillo-facial surgery-Precise cranial CT scan- Import into specific SW environment; e.g., Mimics (Materialize’s Interactive Medical Image Control System)
- Segmentation of skull- Vectorization into a CAD environment- Design of prosthesis
- Construction by 3D rapid prototiping
GANTRY TILT = 0°
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Segmentation by Thresholding
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Segmentation by Region Growing and regular contouring by NURBS
Polinomial contours by NonUniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS)
3D
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Application: from 3D virtual model to real model by rapid prototyping
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Application: design of prosthesis
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Rapid prototyping by stereo-lithography
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The polymer prototype is not directly used. Conversely, it is used as 3D model for fabrication or to create a mold (it stampo) were the final material is cast .
Final material can be autologous or donor bone, hydroxyapatite, PMMA, Titanium
silicon-rubber mold
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La Cranioplastica
I Materiali
I materiali usati finora per la cranioplastica sono stati molteplici, ma molti di loro sono stati abbandonati per diversi motivi: scarsa biocompatibilità,
ridotta maneggevolezza nel modellamento, alto costo…
I materiali maggiormente utilizzati oggi sono:
Osso autologo Titanio
Idrossiapatite PMMA
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La Cranioplastica
Tecnica Chirurgica
1. Posizionamento paziente
2. Rimozione adesione pelle–dura madre
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La Cranioplastica
3. Applicazione acqua ossigenata (disinfettare e coagulare)
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Surgical implant of skull prosthesis
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ECG gating for Cardiac CT
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Small animal (rat) CT