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Ìîíãîë îðíû ãàð äàëàâчòíû ýêîëîãè, õàìãààëàë
Í.Áàòñàéõàí, ÁÁÑ, ÌÓÈÑ
Óëààíáààòàð, 2011.05.24Гар далавчтаны акустик дуу чимээг
судалгаанд ашиглах арга зүй, сургалт
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Geographical location of Mongolia
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アフロユーラシア乾燥地・半乾燥地文明地帯
Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) precipitation for year (Jan-Dec), in mm / month
< 50 mm/month
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Ìîíãîë îðíû ò¿ãýýìýë ýêîñèñòåìèéí õýâ øèíæ
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Ýêî-á¿ñ íóòãèéí ýçëýõ õóâü õýìæýý
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Ìîíãîëä òàðõñàí ãàð äàëàâчòíûã õàíãàëòòàé á¿ðòãýæ чàäñàí óó?
• Áàííèêîâ (1954): 8 ç¿éë• Stubbe & Chotolchu (1968): 10 ç¿éë• Ñîêîëîâ & Îðëîâ (1980):12 ç¿éë• Äóëàìöýðýí íàð (1989): 12 ç¿éë• Ñàìúÿà íàð (1993): +1 Ç¿éë (Nyctalus noctula)
=13 ç¿éë• Dolch et al. (2007): 13 (+2 )= 15 ç¿éë• Øåôòåëü íàð (õýâë¿¿ëýýã¿é ìýäýý): 1 ç¿éë
(Murina leucogaster)• Dolch et al. (unpubl.): DNA – 15 ç¿éë (+2,
N.noctula & M.leucogaster)=17 ç¿éë
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ßàãààä ñ¿¿ëèéí ¿åä ç¿éëèéí îëîí ÿíç áàéäàë íýìýãäýýä áàéíà âý?
• Õàâñàðãà áàéäëààð áèø, äàãíàñàí ýêñïåäèöè õèéõ áîëñîí (ìîíãîë-ãåðìàíû õàìòàðñàí ñóäàëãààã 2002, 2005, 2008)
• ßëãààòàé îëîí ýêîñèñòåìèéã õàìðóóëàõ áîëñîí
• Ñîíãîäîã àðãûã ñ¿¿ëèéí ¿åèéí ìîëåêóë áèîëîãèéí àðãàòàé õîñëóóëàí õèéñýí
• Îëîí óëñûí õàìòàðñàí ñóäàëãààíû òºñë¿¿ä îëøèðñîí
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Á¿ñ íóòãèéí õ¿ðýýíä îëîí ÿíç áàéäëûã õàíãàëòòàé á¿ðòãýñýí ¿¿?
• Òîäîðõîé ãàçàð íóòàãò óäààí õóãàöààíû ìîíèòîðèíã îäîîãîîð õèéãýýã¿é òóë:
• α- îëîí ÿíç áàéäàë òîäîðõîé áèøÕàðèí ÿëãààòàé ëàíäøàôòûí õ¿ðýýíä
óóäàì ãàçðûã õàìðóóëñàí òóë: • β- îëîí ÿíç áàéäàë õàðüöàíãóé
òîäîðõîé áîëæýý
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Õýýðèéí ñóäàëãààíû ò¿ãýýìýë àðãûí ñóë òàë þó âý?
• Íýã ãàçàðò óäààí õóãàöààíä ñóäàëãàà õèéõ áîëîìæ õîìñ, ÿâóóò ã¿éöýòãýäýã
• ¯íäñýí öóãëóóëàõ, áàðèõ àðãà íü òîðîîð áàðèõ àðãà:
- Òîðíû õýìæýý õÿçãààðëàãäìàë óчèð, ÿëãààòàé àíãóóчëàõ ñòðàòåãèòàé (ºíäºðò àíãóóчèëäàã, ãàçðààð àíãóóчèëäàã ãýõ ìýò) ç¿éë¿¿äèéã á¿ðýí áàðüæ á¿ðòãýõýä äóòàãäàëòàé
- Оëîí ñóäëààчèéí îðîëöîî øààðäàíà
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ßëãààòàé ýêîñèñòåìä òàðõàí îðøèõ ãàð äàëàâчòíû ç¿éëèéí äàâõàðäñàí òîî (Dolch
et al., 2007; õýâë¿¿ëýýã¿é ìýäýý)
9
85
7
Òºâ Àçèéí öºë, öºëºðõºã õýýðÕýýðÒàéãàÎéò õýýð
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Ìîíãîë îðíû ãàð äàëàâчòíû ø¿òýí àìüäðàõ Òºâ Àçèéí õóóðàé, ãàíäóó îðчèí:
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Õýýðèéí ýêîñèñòåìä áàéðøèõ ãîëûí øóãóé, áóëàã, õàéëààñò ñàéðûí àìüäðàõ îðчèí
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Îéò õýýðèéí àìüäðàõ îðчèí
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Õºâч òàéãûí àìüäðàõ îðчèí
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Ìîíãîëûí ãàðäàëàâчòíû îëîí ÿíç áàéäàëä óчèðч áóé áýðõøýýë
• Ãàçàð àøèãëàëòûí óëàìæëàëò õýâ ìàÿãèéí ººðчëºëò
• Ýðäýñ áàÿëãèéí îëáîðëîëò• Àìüäðàõ îðчíû äîðîéòîë (õóäàã, õàøàà
íóðààõ, áóóëãàõ, ãîëûí øóãóéã îãòëîõ)• Óóð àìüñãàëûí ººðчëºëò• Ìàëûí òîî òîëãîéí ºñºëò, áýëчýýðèéí
òàëõèãäàë• Àéæ, çýâ¿¿öýí îëíîîð õîðîîõ, óòàõ
ч
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Òºâ Àçèéí öºë, ãîâèéí ýêîá¿ñò áèîëîãèéí îëîí ÿíç áàéäàëä óчèðч áóé áýðõøýýë
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Áýëчýýðèéí òàëõèãäàë
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Óóð àìüñãàëûí ººðчëºëò
• 2004 îíû áàéäëààð, 1300 ãàðóé ãîë, íóóð, áóëàã øàíä øèðãýæýý (Óñíû ãàçðûí áóëàã, øàíäíû òîîëëîãûí òàéëàí, 2004)
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Óëñûí òóñãàé õàìãààëàëòàé ãàçðûí ñ¿ëæýý áà õîâîð ç¿éë àìüòàí, óðãàìëûí áîëîìæèò àìüäðàõ îðчíû òàðõöûí
äàâõöàë
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Ìîíãîëä èëðýõ ýêîñèñòåìèéí õàìãààëëûí ºíººãèéí òºëºâ (Chimed-Ochir et al., 2010)
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Ìîíãîë óëñûí íýãäýí îðñîí îëîí óëñûí êîíâåíöè, ãýðýý
• Õîâîðäîæ áóé çýðëýã àìüòàí, óðãàìëûí ç¿éëèéã îëîí óëñûí õýìæýýíä õóäàëäààëàõ êîíâåíöè (CITES)
• Äýëõèéí áàéãàëü õàìãààëàõ õîëáîî (IUCN)• Áèîëîãèéí îëîí ÿíç áàéäëûí êîíâåíöè (CBD)• Í¿¿äëýäýã ç¿éëèéã õàìãààëàõ êîíâåíöè
(CMS)• Óñ íàìãàðõàã ãàçðûã õàìãààëàõ êîíâåíöè
(Ramsar)• Øóâóóäàä чóõàë íóòàã (BirdLife
International)
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Çàäãàé ëàíäøàôò ø¿òýí àìüäàðäàã ãàð äàëàâчòíû îðîãíîõ íºõöëèéã òýòãýõ
çàðèì áîëîìæèò àðãà çàì
• Чóëóóí õîðîî• Áåòîí õàíà• Ìîäîí áàéãóóëàìæ• Õºãøèðч ¿õñýí õàéëààñ, çàã, òîîðîéã
õàøàà, ò¿ëøèíä õýðýãëýõã¿é áàéõ• Áóëàã, øàíäíû ýõèéã õàìãààëàõ• Öàõèëãààí äàìæóóëàõ øîíä òóñãàé ¿¿ð
õèéæ áýõëýõ
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Ãàð äàëàâчòàí îðîãíîäîã чóëóóí õîðîî, õàøàà, áàéøèíò õóäàã
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Ãàð äàëàâчòíû òºðìºë, èчýýëäýã ãàçðûã õàìãààëàõ àæëûí õ¿ðýýíä:
• Îëíîîð Ẻãíºðч òºðäºã òºðìºë áàéðøèõ çàäãàé íóòãèéí ìàëòàé àéë, öýðãèéí àíãè, çàñòàâ, ñóì ñóóðèí ãàçðûí èðãýäýä óõóóëãà, ñóðòàëчèëãàà õèéõ, òàíèóëàõ
• Óóë óóðõàéí ¿éë àæèëëàãàà õýðýãæ¿¿ëæ áóé òºñºë, àæ àõóéí áàéãóóëëàãûí õ¿ì¿¿ñò òàéëáàðëàõ òàíèóëàõ
• Àãóé ñóäëààч õ¿ì¿¿ñòýé õàìòðàí àæèëëàõ, áººíººð ºâºëæäºã àãóéã èëð¿¿ëæ õàìãààëàëòàä àâàõ
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Ìîíèòîðèíãèéí ñ¿ëæýý áàéãóóëàõ
• Òóñãàé õàìãààëàëòàé ãàçðûí ñ¿ëæýýã ò¿øèãëýí, ÿëãààòàé ýêîñèñòåìèéã òºëººëºë áîëãîí ñîíãîõ
• Óóë óóðõàéí òîìîîõîí òºñºë, õºòºëáºðòýé õàìòðàí àæèëëàõ, ñ¿ëæýýã ºðãºòãºõ
• Áàéãàëèéí ãîëîìòîò õàëäâàðò ºâчèí ñóäàëäàã ìýðãýæëèéí áàéãóóëëàãàòàé õàìòàðч àæèëëàõ, òàðõàëò, äýãäýëò , ¿õýë õîðîãäëûí ìýäýýíèé ñàí ¿íäýñëýõ
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Àíõààðàí ñîíññîí òà á¿õýíä òàëàðõëàà!