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IL PESO DELL’INDUSTRIA AUTOMOBILISTICA SUL PIL,
L’OCCUPAZIONE E L’INNOVAZIONE
Giuseppe CalabreseCeris - Cnr
RILANCIARE IL RUOLO INNOVATIVO DELL’INDUSTRIA AUTOMOBILISTICA EUROPEA IN AMBITO TECNOLOGICO,
ORGANIZZATIVO E DI QUALITÀ DEL LAVORO E IL RUOLO DI AVANZATE PRATICHE DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI
Torino, 7-8 Marzo 2005
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R
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
DJS AUTO EUTOSTOCK
AUTOMOTIVE IN THE STOCK EXCHANGE
Source: Yahoo
CE
RIS
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R
4,3
19,1
26,7
53
54,2
55
64,5
79,3
80,3
82,5
83,1
88,5
92,8
113,2
156,8
161,7
210,9
0 100 200 300
Finland
Netherlands
Denmark
Belgium
Slovenia
Slovakia
Portugal
Italy
Poland
Austria
United Kingdom
France
Sweden
Spain
Hungary
Germany
Czech Republic
Source: Eurostat
AUTOMOTIVE SPECIALISATION RATIO 2001 (EU-25 = 100)
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0 10 20 30 40
Fabricated metal products
Wood and paper products, publishing, printing
Textile, wearing appareal,leather, footwear
Basic metals
Food, beverage and tobacco
Other transport equipment
Non-metallic mineral products
Machinery and equipment
Rubber and plastic products
Medical, precision, opt instruments, watches
Motor vehicles
Office, accounting and computing machinery
Radio, TV and communication equipment
Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel
Chemical products
Electrical machinery and apparatus
Source: OCDE
PERCENTAGE SHARE OF EMPLOYMENT IN FOREIGN AFFILIATES (1990s)
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Greece
Ireland
Spain
Denmark
UK
Luxembourg
Sweden
Austria
EU (15)
Finland
Belgium
Italy
Germany
Netherlands
Portugal
France
NEW REGISTRATIONS PC IN EUROPE
Source: ACEA
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% 1992-2004 % 1992-2004
Greece 150,9 EU (15) 7,6
Ireland 86,6 Finland 2,4
Spain 53,6 Belgium 2,2
Denmark 50,8 Italy - 2,2
UK 27,8 Germany - 2,5
Luxembourg 25,5 Netherlands - 3,7
Sweden 14,9 Portugal - 6,4
Austria 7,9 France - 12,8
Source: ACEA
NEW REGISTRATIONS PC IN EU
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RAUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTIONE ON GDP
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003
Czech Republic
Hungary
Germany
Korea
Slovak Republic
Sweden
Mexico
Spain
France
Japan
Portugal
Poland
United Kingdom
Italy
United States
Source: OCDE
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RAUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTIONE ON GDP
Source: OCDE
1980 1990 2000 2003
ITALY 3,4% 3,7% 3,8% 3,4%
USA 3,7% 3,7% 4,0% 3,3%
FRANCE 6,1% 6,1% 7,6% 7,5%
GERMANY 7,4% 9,1% 11,2% 11,9%
UK 4,5% 4,3% 3,7% n.a.
JAPAN 9,7% 9,3% 7,3% n.a
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AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTIONE ON GDP
DIF
FE
RE
NC
E 1
980-
2000
LOW HIGH
GR
OW
TH
ST
AB
LE
2% 6% 16%- 4%
1%
13%
Japan
UK
USAItaly
Portugal
Poland
France
SpainSweden Germany
Mexico
Korea
Slovak
Czech
Hungary
Source: OCDE
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R
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004
Korea
Mexico
Portugal
Spain
Germany
Japan
USA
Sweden
France
Italy
UK
TOTAL EMPLOYMENT AUTOMOTIVE
Source: OCDE
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% 1980-LAST
Korea 291,6
Mexico 105,1
Portugal 33,3
Spain 24,6
Germany 24,2
Japan 15,9
USA 14,3
Sweden 12,7
France - 32,8
Italy - 52,8
UK - 57,2Source: OCDE
TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN AUTOMOTIVE
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AUTOMOTIVEEMPLOYMENT
AUTOMOTIVELABOUR COSTS
CZECH REPUBLIC 2,37%
FRANCE 1,14% 1,34%
GERMANY 2,60% 4,18%
HUNGARY 1,43%
ITALY 0,92% 0,94%
JAPAN 1,43%
KOREA 1,76%
MEXICO 1,39%
POLAND 0,95%
PORTUGAL 0,46%
SPAIN 1,59% 2,03%
SWEDEN 1,76% 2,20%
UNITED KINGDOM 0,72%
UNITED STATES 0,67% 1,17%Source: OCDE
PERCENTAGE SHARE ON TOTAL
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1
2
3
4
1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002
CzechRepublic
France
Germany
WesternGermany
Italy
Spain
Sweden
UnitedStates
Source: OCDE
LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY(value added on labour costs)
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1
2
3
4
CzechRepublic
France Germany Hungary Italy Spain Sweden UnitedStates
TOTAL MANUFACTURING MOTOR VEHICLES
LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY (2002)(value added on labour costs)
Source: OCDE
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RREAL CONTRIBUTION OF U.S. AUTOMOTIVEAUTOMOTIVE FILIERE- Assemblers and OEMs- Sub-suppliers- Spin-off effects
DEALERSHIP- Assemblers and OEMs- Sub-suppliers- Spin-off effects
TOTAL
DOWNSTREAM EMPLOYMENT
TOTAL
MOTOR VEHICLE USE
U.S. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT
950.2001.467.0552.382.9194.800.174
717.400366.200843.000
1.926.600
2.660.077
3.907.000
13.293.851GRAN TOTAL
135.208.000
3,6%
1,4%
2,0%
2,9%
9,8%
Source: University of Michigan
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999
PHARMACEUTICALS
AIRCRAFT AND SPACECRAFT
MEDICAL, PRECISION ANDOPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
RADIO, TELEVISION ANDCOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
OFFICE, ACCOUNTING ANDCOMPUTING MACHINERY
ELECTRICAL MACHINERY ANDAPPARATUS
MOTOR VEHICLES, TRAILERSAND SEMI-TRAILERS
CHEMICALS PRODUCTS
TOTAL MANUFACTURING
R&D EXPENDITURES ON TURNOVER
IN OECD COUNTRIES
Source: OCDE
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0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
OECD ITALY GERMANY FRANCE JAPAN
TOTAL MANUFACTURING MOTOR VEHICLES
Source: OCDE
R&D EXPENDITURES ON TURNOVER(1999)
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001
Czech Republic
Germany
European Union
Sweden
Italy
France
Australia
United States
Japan
Korea
Spain
United Kingdom
Poland
R&D IN AUTOMOTIVE ON R&DIN TOTAL MANUFACTURING
Source: OCDE
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Korea 4%
Sweden 2%
USA38%
Spain1%
Others3% France 6%
UK 3%
Germany 23%
Italy 2%
Japan 18%
Source: OCDE
R&D EXPENDITURE IN AUTOMOTIVE (2001)
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0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325
Fuji Electric CoUTC Fuel Cells
Power PlugTokyo Gas Company
KyoceraToshiba
SanyoDelphi Technologies
Osaka Gas CompanyToto
HyundaiGeneral Motors
SonyAisin
DaimlerChryslerHitachi
Ballard Power SystemsMitsubishi
MatsushitaNissanToyotaHonda
FUEL CELL ASSIGNERS (2003)
Source: DERWENT WORLD PATENTS INDEX
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RFUEL CELL PATENT APPLICATION
BY INDUSTRY SECTOR
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Digital cameras
AeronauticalSpacecraft/satellite
MarinePortable Computing
Celluar PhonesAutomotive
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Source: DERWENT WORLD PATENTS INDEX
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CONCLUSIONS
Measuring automotive as a generator of wealth instead of as a direct employer
Improving continuing education of workers
Balancing state reaserch budgets between research and development
THANKS FOR YOURTHANKS FOR YOURATTENTIONATTENTION