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Immigration to and population characteristics of the Midwest
David A. Lanegran Ph.D.
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Immigration is the result of push and pull factors
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Immigration to Midwest coincided with great European Migration
• People came for jobs• People came for land• People came to set up utopian communities
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Federal government got all the land north of Ohio and West of Appalachian mountains.
• Confederation Congress needed to pay for war debts• Needed to settle claims for interior land• Passed the Northwest Ordnances to facilitate selling
and settling of the land• Thomas Jefferson developed the basic plan.• State would not allow slavery• Territories would become states
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Jedadiah Morse
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Jefferson’s idea for NW Territory vs. what actually developed
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The waterways focused the first settlement
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Steamboats and early RR. And beginnings of industrialization Caused rapid growth in cities and on good farm land.
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Railroad enabled full settlement and the emergence of large cities
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Full development of industrial and automobile established national net and population
rectangle
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Although many small towns had factors, large cities soon dominated the industrial economy.
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Migration to Midwest coincided with great European migration
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Nativists did not want immigration to continue
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The Polka Belt
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Polka Radio belt
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Germans in the Midwest
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Hungarians
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Polish in the Midwest
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Czech, Slovak or Czechoslovakians in the Midwest
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Quotas on international migration resulted in northward migration of African Americans
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Source regions for international migrants to US have changed
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Midwest is not a major destination region for international migrants
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Population of USA 2000
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Population concentrated in cities
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Cities tend to have younger population than rural areas because of migration
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Midwest is racially/ethnically diverse
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Midwest Hispanic population found in large cities and agribusiness based smaller towns
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Midwest Asian population essentially all in urban areas
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Midwest African American population in urban areas
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Midwest one of the wealthy regions of USA
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Church membership is high in Midwest on not uniform.
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Catholics have a strong presence in the Midwest in Cities and selected rural areas
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UCC or Congregationalists are decedent form Puritans of New England
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Lutheranism associated with Nordic and German Immigrants
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Mennonites associated with German immigration
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Jewish population in Midwest is small and concentrated in cities.
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Orthodox pattern result of Slavic immigration to Mines and Manufacturing centers
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Baptists not common in Midwest
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Midwest population
• Prosperous• Agricultural occupation still important• Church goers• European over all• African American and Hispanic in cities• Native American very small and concentrated
in a few states