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Immigration & Immigration & Urbanization Urbanization 1877-19001877-1900
Created by Mr.
Johnson
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ObjectiveObjective• 5.01 –
Evaluate the influence of immigration and rapid industrialization on urban life.
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ElevatorElectric TrolleysTelephoneAlexander Graham BellPhonographThomas EdisonTypewriterJacob RiisHow the Other Half LivesJane AddamsSettlement HousesHull HouseCulture ShockEllis Island
Angel IslandDumbbell TenementsChinese Exclusion ActSweatshopsAmusement ParksSpectator SportsNew ImmigrationOld ImmigrationFrederick Law OlmsteadMelting PotSalad BowlCultural PluralismNativism
Key TermsKey Terms
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Mark Twain – “The Gilded Age”Mark Twain – “The Gilded Age”
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Robber BaronsRobber Barons
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Conspicuous ConsumptionConspicuous Consumption
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Rising Tide of Rising Tide of ImmigrationImmigration
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Immigration & UrbanizationImmigration & Urbanization
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New ImmigrationNew Immigration
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Why They CameWhy They Came• Job Opportunities• Homestead Act• Anti-Semitism
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The JourneyThe Journey• Ocean Liners• Traveling in
Steerage• Into the Unknown
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ARRIVALARRIVAL• Physical Exams• Quarantine• Name Changes• Culture Shock• Video – Edison
Motion Pictures
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Medical Exams & QuarantineMedical Exams & Quarantine
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Ellis Island, NYEllis Island, NY
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Ellis Island, NYEllis Island, NY
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Statue of Liberty, 1886Statue of Liberty, 1886
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TorchTorch– Light & hopeLight & hope
Seven SpiresSeven Spires– ““Seven Seas”Seven Seas”
Stone TabletStone Tablet– July IV MDCCLXXVIJuly IV MDCCLXXVI
““The New The New Colossus”Colossus”
Statue of LibertyStatue of Liberty
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The New ColossusThe New ColossusNot like the brazen giant of Greek fame,With conquering limbs astride from land to land;Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall standA mighty woman with a torch, whose flameIs the imprisoned lightning, and her nameMother of Exiles. From her beacon-handGlows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes commandThe air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame."Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries sheWith silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
—Emma Lazarus, 1883
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Angel Island, San FranciscoAngel Island, San Francisco
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Japanese “Picture Brides”Japanese “Picture Brides”
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NativismNativism
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• “Know-Nothings”
American PartyAmerican Party
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• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)– Restricted immigration from China
• National Origin Quotas• Gentlemen’s Agreement – U.S./Japan
(1907)– U.S. agrees to allow Japanese immigrants
into U.S. public schools– Japan promises to restrict immigration
• Webb Alien Land Law (1913)– California law– Prohibits aliens from owning land
Nativist LawsNativist Laws
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Thomas Nast: Catholic Thomas Nast: Catholic INvasionINvasion
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Thomas Nast: Irish Mob RuleThomas Nast: Irish Mob Rule
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Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882
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Immigration TodayImmigration Today
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New Ethnic New Ethnic NeighborhoodsNeighborhoods
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Theories of CultureTheories of Culture
Melting Pot Assimilation
Salad Bowl Pluralism
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ChinatownChinatown• San
Francisco• Los Angeles• New York
City
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Hester StreetHester Street
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St. Patrick’s CathedralSt. Patrick’s Cathedral
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St. Patrick’s CathedralSt. Patrick’s Cathedral
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““Little Italy”Little Italy”
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The Lives of The Lives of ImmigrantsImmigrants
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TenementsTenements• One or more
families living in a small apartment
• Poor sanitation & ventilation
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TenementsTenements
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TenementsTenements
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Dumbbell TenementDumbbell Tenement
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Immigrant FamiliesImmigrant Families
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SweatshopsSweatshops• Urban
factories with poor wages & working conditions
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Jacob RiisJacob Riis• How the Other
Half Lives (1890)
• Described the working and living conditions of immigrants
• First “muckraker”
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Jane AddamsJane Addams• Settlement houses
– Educated, trained Americans
– Living in poor immigrant communities
– Art, education, economic development
• Hull House, Chicago
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Hull HouseHull House
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Horatio AlgerHoratio Alger• Dime Novels• The American
Dream– Honesty & hard
work– “Rags to riches”
stories
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Labor StirringsLabor Stirrings
“Eight hours for work,Eight hours for rest,Eight hours for what
we will.”
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““Gotham” Gotham” New York CityNew York City
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SkyscrapersSkyscrapers• Office buildings• Symbols of the corporations
themselves• Architects
– Function– Aesthetics
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Bessemer ProcessBessemer Process• Steel vs. iron
– Lighter– stronger
• Skyscrapers• Bridges
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Early SkyscrapersEarly Skyscrapers
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Flatiron BuildingFlatiron Building
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ElevatorsElevators
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Grand Central StationGrand Central Station
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Electric TrolleysElectric Trolleys
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Brooklyn BridgeBrooklyn BridgeJohn A. Roebling, architect
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““America’s America’s Second City” Second City” ChicagoChicago
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Railway Exchange & Central Railway Exchange & Central YMCAYMCA
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Louis SullivanLouis Sullivan
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Bayard-Condict BuildingBayard-Condict Building
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Transportation BuildingTransportation Building
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Carson, Pirie, Scott Dept. StoreCarson, Pirie, Scott Dept. Store
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Sport, Leisure Sport, Leisure & & ConsumerismConsumerism
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• Public Parks– Central Park, NY– Prospect Park, NY– Niagara
Reservation
Frederick Law OlmsteadFrederick Law Olmstead
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Central Park, NYCentral Park, NY
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Central Park TodayCentral Park Today
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The National PastimeThe National Pastime
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Boxing & College FootballBoxing & College Football
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Country ClubsCountry Clubs
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BicyclesBicycles
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Coney Island, NYConey Island, NY
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Department StoresDepartment Stores
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Mail Order CatalogsMail Order Catalogs
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Typewriters & SecretariesTypewriters & Secretaries
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The TelephoneThe Telephone• Alexander Graham
Bell or Antonio Meucci?
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Thomas EdisonThomas Edison Light Bulb
Phonograph
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Eastman KodakEastman Kodak
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““The New The New South”South”
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Henry Woodfin GradyHenry Woodfin Grady• Industrialization
& urbanization• Free wage labor
& cordial race relations
• “New South”
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Piedmont vs. TidewaterPiedmont vs. Tidewater
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Good Roads MovementGood Roads Movement• Reasons
• Education• Bicycles…
automobiles• North Carolina –
“the good roads state”
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Company TownsCompany Towns
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Textile IndustryTextile Industry
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Tobacco IndustryTobacco Industry
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““Red Shirts”Red Shirts”• “Waving the
bloody shirt”• White
supremacy/ segregation
• Democrats/Ellison Alger Smyth
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Convict LaborConvict Labor
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Birmingham Steel MillsBirmingham Steel Mills
• Industrial-ization
• Convict mine labor
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Birmingham Steel MillsBirmingham Steel Mills
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Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington• Tuskegee
Institute• “Atlanta
Compromise” Speech:• Abandon civil
rights & challenges to segregation
• Focus on economic independence
• “Cast down your bucket where you are”
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ReviewReview
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Immigration• Push & pull factors• Ellis & Angel Island• Ethnic
neighborhoods• “Melting Pot” vs.
“Salad Bowl”• Backlash against
immigration
Urbanization• Population
explosion• Growth in city size• New opportunities
for both men & women
• Tenement slums• Mass transit• Skyscrapers
Main Ideas