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Implementing Post-Construction
Stormwater Controls
Greg Davis, EPA Region 8
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Source: National Water Quality Inventory – 2000 Report (EPA)
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Source: National Water Quality Inventory – 2000 Report (EPA)
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Source: National Water Quality Inventory – 2000 Report (EPA)
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Rain/snow is a source of pollution?Rain/snow is a source of pollution?
Storm water is a vector for pollutants
Storm water is a pollutant itself
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Stormwater is a vectorStormwater is a vector
Common pollutants in storm water runoff include heavy metals, oil, grease, nutrients, toxic substances, sediment, bacteria, and temperature
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Stormwater is a pollutant
Increased flow from impervious surfaces causes impacts to rivers and lakes
Increased imperviousness =
Increased runoff from storm events Increased exposure to pollutants Impacts to stream banks
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Natural runoff Natural runoff conditionsconditions
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Impervious conditionImpervious condition
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Stream degradation with imperviousnessimperviousness
Watershed with lessthan 5% impervioussurface
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Stream degradation with Stream degradation with imperviousnessimperviousness
10% impervious
- Stream width doubled - Bank erosion - Pool and riffle structure lost
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Stream degradation with imperviousnessimperviousness
20% impervious
- Eroded stream banks - Intermittent flow - Noticeable debris
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RUNOFF
TIME
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Post-construction BMPs: landscape detention
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Post-construction BMPs: Post-construction BMPs: retention pondretention pond
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Post-construction BMPs: Post-construction BMPs: sand filter detention basinsand filter detention basin
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Post-construction BMPs: Post-construction BMPs: grassy area with curb cutsgrassy area with curb cuts
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Post-construction BMPs: Post-construction BMPs: level spreaderlevel spreader
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Post-construction BMPs: Post-construction BMPs: porous concreteporous concrete
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Post-construction BMPs: Post-construction BMPs: green roofgreen roof
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Create an ordinance
Use/ borrow what other people have done
Demonstrate cost-effectiveness to legislators
Demonstrate environmental effects
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http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/postcons.htm
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Components of a stormwater ordinance
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Provide training
Use/modify this presentation or any other non-copyrighted material
http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/outreach.cfm?program_id=0&otype=1
Provide training to legislators, contractors, contracting office technical representatives, developers, and facility maintenance staff
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Utilize a stormwater fee
Stormwater fees should be based on effective impervious surface
Credits should be provided for retrofits and water quality features
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Demonstrate financial impacts
The 9.8 million visitors to Montana represent 10 times Montana’s resident population and result in 43,300 jobs for an economic impact of $2.75 billion.
Source: Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks - Fish & Wildlife Recreation and Tourism
by: Cindy S. Swanson, Director, Watershed, Wildlife, Fisheries & Rare Plants, USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula (2004)
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Use existing resources and speakers
Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks Research Reports - http://fwp.mt.gov/tmc/reports/default.html
Universe of Montana Institute for Tourism, Recreation, and Research - http://www.itrr.umt.edu/wilton.htm
Montana Trout Unlimited - http://www.montanatu.org/
Demonstrate financial impacts
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In 17 Case studies EPA comparing conventional stormwater to green infrastructure practices, costs for green infrastructure were generally 15-80% cheaper
Reducing Costs through LID Strategies and Practices – http://www.epa.gov/nps/lid
Try calculating expenses yourself: Green Values Stormwater Toolbox -
http://greenvalues.cnt.org/
Demonstrate financial impacts
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Evaluate public works contracts
Require post-construction controls in public works contracts
Public works areas can receive grant funding for green infrastructure
Ensure that contracts have a line item for budgeting post-construction BMP costs
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Track BMP maintenance and specifications
Requires submission of final plans/ ownership/ and maintenance specs.
Use an NOT form or performance bond
Provide a 1-year warranty in bonds
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Track BMP maintenance and specifications
Use existing systems and speak the same language as implementing staff
Georeference using GIS/ CAD system employed for storm sewer system mapping
Inspect using current inspector systems (e.g., Maximo)
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Evaluate local land use planning
Imperviousness can be driven by:
Zoning Subdivision Codes Street and Road Standards Parking and Setback Requirements
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Designate new MS4s
40 CFR 122.26(f)(4) Any person may petition the Director for the designation of a large, medium, or small municipal separate storm sewer system
Probable new MS4s include resort cities, high growth areas, and dischargers to pristine waters
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Communicate, communicate,
communicate, communicate, communicate, communicate, communicate,…
Using other people’s terms (financial, engineering, environmental)
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Contact: [email protected]