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In 1970,
47% of Indians were engaged in agriculture
74% of which in plantations
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agricultural estates provided income
opportunities and other basic services:
- housing- free estate schools
- health care
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agriculture was gradually phased-out
by manufacturing sectors
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plantation gave way to highway, golf
courses etc
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from 1980 - 2000300,000 Indians were
forced out of plantation residence
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people lost jobs and homes
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deprived access from basic amenities,
socio-cultural facilities
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destroyed estate community support
structures
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lost plots for vegetable farming and cattle
grazing
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people faced difficulties in negotiating the
transition from plantation to urban or
sub-urban living
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•estranged /alienated in their new urban environment
•lacked required skills, capital and support structure
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forced migration led to break-up of extended
family system
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decline in community support which
traditionally helped women in fulfilling their
responsibilities
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women have to contribute to the
depleting family income through external labor
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more households headed by women due to migration of men
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household work, child education and family income have doubled the burden of women
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In patriarchal households, increasing number of men distressed by competitive urban environment turn
to:
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•excessive alcohol consumption
•commanded respect by beating wives and children
•sexual abuse and other demeaning treatment to women
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uplift community through legal and
psychological counseling
1
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awareness raising and skills training
2
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empowerment of women to assert their rights
3
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while gaining greater self-esteem & control over
their lives in both personal and social relationships
4
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WE CALL on our government to respond to our issues
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WE CALL on ASEAN to carefully assess the impact of
integration policies that negatively impact on
grassroots, particularly women
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Thank you!