Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2015
September 2016
URL: http://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-
kits/2016/income_poverty.html
Presenters
Host Michael C. Cook, Sr. Chief, Public Information Office
Presenter David G. Waddington Acting Chief, Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division
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Resources for Today’s Webinar
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• Median household income for the nation was $56,500 in 2015, an increase in real terms of 5.2 percent from the 2014 median of $53,700.
• The official poverty rate in 2015 was 13.5 percent, down 1.2 percentage points from 2014. In 2015, there were 43.1 million people in poverty, 3.5 million fewer than in 2014.
• The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rate in 2015 was 14.3 percent, 1 percentage point lower than the SPM estimate for 2014.
• The percentage of people without health insurance coverage for the entire calendar year was 9.1 percent, or 29.0 million people. This was a decrease of 1.3 percentage points from the previous year.
Highlights
4 Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015 and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
5
Real Median Household Income: 1967 to 2015
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Income in thousands (2015 dollars) Recession
$56,500
$44,300
Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
6
Real Median Household Income by Age of Householder: 2014 and 2015
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
15 to 24years
25 to 34years
35 to 44years
45 to 54years
55 to 64years
65 years andolder
Income in thousands (2015 dollars) 2015 2014
+4.2%
+5.6%
+7.0%
+3.5%
7
No significant difference
+4.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015 and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Real Median Household Income by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2015
Income in thousands (2015 dollars) Recession
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Hispanic (any race)
Asian
Black
$77,200
$63,000
$36,900
$45,100
Non-Hispanic White
$64,300
$52,300
$38,900
$26,800
8 Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Real Median Household Income by Nativity of Householder: 2014 and 2015
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Native born Total foreign born Naturalized citizen Noncitizen
Income in thousands (2015 dollars) 2015 2014
+4.4% No significant
difference
+5.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015 and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
+10.5%
9
Real Household Income at Selected Percentiles: 1967 to 2015
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Income in thousands (2015 dollars)
10th
50th (median)
90th
$93,400
$10,100
$44,300
Recession
$162,200
$13,300
$56,500
95th
$117,900
$214,500
10 Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Gini Index of Money Income and Equivalence-Adjusted Income: 1967 to 2015
0.300
0.320
0.340
0.360
0.380
0.400
0.420
0.440
0.460
0.480
0.500
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Recession
0.479
0.397
0.362
0.462
Money Income Gini Index
Equivalence-adjusted Gini Index
Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Change in data collection methodology in 1993. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Real Median Earnings and Women’s-to-Men’s Earnings Ratio: 1960 to 2015
(Full-time, year-round workers, aged 15 and older)
Earnings of men $37,600
$51,200
Earnings of women $22,800
$40,700
Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio
61%
80%
Recession Earnings in thousands (2015 dollars)
Percent
Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Earnings rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Total and Full-Time, Year-Round Workers with Earnings by Sex: 1967 to 2015
All male workers
Females, full-time year-round
Males, full-time year-round
14.8 million
Numbers in millions
53.2 million
36.6 million
34.4 million
Recession
47.2 million
86.4 million
77.0 million
63.9 million All female workers
Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 13
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Number in poverty
Numbers in millions
0
5
10
15
20
25Percent
Poverty Rate and Number in Poverty: 1959 to 2015
43.1 million
Recession
Poverty rate 22.4% 13.5%
39.5 million
Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 14
Poverty Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1959 to 2015
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Percent
Non-Hispanic White
Hispanic (any race)
Asian
Black
55.1%
22.8%
16.1%
7.5%
Recession
21.4%
11.4% 9.1%
24.1%
Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
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Poverty Rates by Age: 1959 to 2015
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Percent
18 to 64 years
Under 18 years
17.0%
27.3%
35.2%
65 years and older
Recession
19.7%
12.4% 8.8%
Note: The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Data for people aged 18 to 64 and 65 and older are not available from 1960 to 1965. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
16
Poverty Rates by Age and Sex: 2015
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
17
0
5
10
15
20
25
Under 18 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 65 years andolder
Male FemalePercent
-5.3 percentage points
-6.1 percentage
points -4.3 percentage
points -2.1
percentage points
-1.7 percentage
points
No significant difference
-3.3 percentage
points
Observations from the Interagency Technical Working Group • Will not replace the official
poverty measure • Will not be used for resource
allocation or program eligibility • Census Bureau and Bureau of
Labor Statistics responsible for improving and updating the measure
• Continued research and improvement
• Based on National Academy of Sciences panel 1995 recommendations
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. www2.census.gov/library/publications/2016/demo/p60-258.html
Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM)
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Supplemental Poverty Measure Thresholds and Resources
Source: U.S. Census Bureau www.census.gov/library/infographics/poverty_measure-how.html
Official poverty
measure
Owners with a
mortgage
Owners without a mortgage
Renters
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$24,036
$25,930
$21,806
$25,583
Source: Official Poverty Thresholds, www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/threshld/index.html, Supplemental Poverty Measure Thresholds, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), www.bls.gov/pir/spmhome.htm.
Official poverty
measure
Owners with a
mortgage
Owners without a mortgage
Renters
Supplemental Poverty Measure Thresholds
Official and SPM Thresholds for Units with Two Children, Two Adults: 2015
Comparison of SPM Poverty Estimates: 2014 and 2015
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015 and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
15.3 15.0 14.4 14.3 13.8 13.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
All People Under 18 years 18 to 64years
65 years andolder
No significant difference
Percent 2015 2014
20
Comparison of SPM and Official Poverty Estimates: 2015
*Includes unrelated individuals under age 15. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
13.7
20.1
12.4
8.8
14.3 16.1
13.8 13.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
All People Under 18 years 18 to 64years
65 years andolder
Percent SPM Official*
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Change in Number of People in Poverty After Including Each Element: 2015 (In millions)
-9.2 -4.6
-3.3 -2.5
-1.4 -1.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2
1.4 4.8 5.6
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15
Social SecurityRefundable tax credits
SNAPSSI
Housing subsidiesChild support received
School lunchTANF/general assistanceUnemployment insurance
Workers' compensationWIC
LIHEAPChild support paid
Federal income taxFICA
Work expensesMedical expenses
Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over
-26.6
0.3
22
11.2
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
Change in Number of People in Poverty After Including Each Element: 2015 (In millions)
-9.2 -4.6
-3.3 -2.5
-1.4 -1.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2
1.4 4.8 5.6
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15
Refundable tax creditsSNAP
SSIHousing subsidies
Child support receivedSchool lunch
TANF/general assistanceUnemployment insurance
Workers' compensationWIC
LIHEAPChild support paid
Federal income taxFICA
Work expensesMedical expenses
Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over
-26.6
0.3
22
11.2
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
Social Security
Change in Number of People in Poverty After Including Each Element: 2015 (In millions)
-9.2 -4.6
-3.3 -2.5
-1.4 -1.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2
1.4 4.8 5.6
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15
Social Security
SNAPSSI
Housing subsidiesChild support received
School lunchTANF/general assistanceUnemployment insurance
Workers' compensationWIC
LIHEAPChild support paid
Federal income taxFICA
Work expensesMedical expenses
Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over
-26.6
0.3
22
11.2
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
Refundable tax credits
Change in Number of People in Poverty After Including Each Element: 2015 (In millions)
-9.2 -4.6
-3.3 -2.5
-1.4 -1.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2
1.4 4.8 5.6
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15
Social SecurityRefundable tax credits
SSIHousing subsidies
Child support receivedSchool lunch
TANF/general assistanceUnemployment insurance
Workers' compensationWIC
LIHEAPChild support paid
Federal income taxFICA
Work expensesMedical expenses
Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over
-26.6
0.3
22
11.2
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
SNAP
Change in Number of People in Poverty After Including Each Element: 2015 (In millions)
-9.2 -4.6
-3.3 -2.5
-1.4 -1.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2
1.4 4.8 5.6
-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15
Social SecurityRefundable tax credits
SNAPSSI
Housing subsidiesChild support received
School lunchTANF/general assistanceUnemployment insurance
Workers' compensationWIC
LIHEAPChild support paid
Federal income taxFICA
Work expenses
Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over
-26.6
0.3
22
11.2
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
Medical expenses
Changes in the rate of health insurance coverage reflect:
• Economic trends
• Demographic shifts
• Policy changes, such as the Affordable Care Act (ACA)
23
Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 2015
*Military health care includes TRICARE and CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs) as well as care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
24
9.1
90.9
67.2
55.7
16.3
37.1
16.3
19.6
4.7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Uninsured
With health insurance
Any private plan
Employment-based
Direct-purchase
Any government plan
Medicare
Medicaid
Military health care*
Change in Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 2014 to 2015
No statistical change between years. *Military health care includes TRICARE and CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs) as well as care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2014, 2015, and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Uninsured
With health insurance
Any private plan
Employment-based
Direct-purchase
Any government plan
Medicare
Medicaid
Military health care*
25
Change in Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 2013 to 2015
Uninsured
With health insurance
Any private plan
Employment-based
Direct-purchase
Any government plan
Medicare
Medicaid
Military health care*
26
No statistical change between years. *Military health care includes TRICARE and CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs) as well as care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2014, 2015, and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013, 2014, and 2015 1-Year American Community Surveys.
Uninsured Rate by Single Year of Age: 2013 to 2015
27
Percent
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 7575+
2013
2014 2015
Age
Uninsured Rate by Single Year of Age: 2013 to 2015
27
Percent
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 7575+
2013
2014 2015
Age
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013, 2014, and 2015 1-Year American Community Surveys.
Uninsured Rate by Single Year of Age: 2013 to 2015
27
Percent
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 7575+
2013
2014 2015
Age
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013, 2014, and 2015 1-Year American Community Surveys.
Uninsured Rate by Single Year of Age: 2013 to 2015
27
Percent
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 7575+
2013
2014 2015
Age
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013, 2014, and 2015 1-Year American Community Surveys.
Uninsured Rate by Single Year of Age: 2013 to 2015
27
Percent
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 7575+
2013
2014 2015
Age
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013, 2014, and 2015 1-Year American Community Surveys.
Uninsured Rate by Household Income: 2014 and 2015
Percent 2015 2014
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015 and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 28
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Less than $25,000 $25,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more
-1.7 percentage points -1.6 percentage
points
-1.1 percentage points -0.7 percentage
points -0.8 percentage
points
Uninsured Rate by Work Experience, Ages 19 to 64 Years: 2014 and 2015
Percent 2015 2014
29
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Worked full-time, year-round Less than full-time, year-round Did not work at least one week
-1.3 percentage points
-2.3 percentage points
-2.0 percentage points
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015 and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
(Non-workers)
Uninsured Rate by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2014 and 2015
Percent 2015 2014
30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
White, not Hispanic Black Asian Hispanic
No significant difference -1.9 percentage
points
-3.6 percentage points
-0.9 percentage points
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015 and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
31
Uninsured Rate by State: 2013
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 1-Year American Community Survey.
Uninsured Rate by State: 2014
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 1-Year American Community Survey. 31
Uninsured Rate by State: 2015
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 1-Year American Community Survey. 31
Uninsured Rate by State and Medicaid Expansion Status: 2015
32 *Medicaid expansion status as of January 1, 2015. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 1-Year American Community Survey.
Decrease in Uninsured Rate for Expansion States: 2013 to 2015
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013, 2014, and 2015 1-Year American Community Surveys. 33
0
Decrease in Uninsured Rate for Non-Expansion States: 2013 to 2015
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013, 2014, and 2015 1-Year American Community Surveys. 34
0
Percent
Uninsured Rate by Poverty Status and Medicaid Expansion of State for Adults Aged 19 to 64 Years:
2013 to 2015 Expansion states* Non-expansion states*
35
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Below 100%of poverty
Between 100%and 399% of
poverty
At or above400% of poverty
Below 100%of poverty
Between 100%and 399% of
poverty
At or above400% of poverty
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
*Medicaid expansion status as of January 1, 2015. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 , 2014, and 2015 1-Year American Community Surveys.
• Median household income for the nation was $56,500 in 2015, an increase in real terms of 5.2 percent from the 2014 median of $53,700.
• The official poverty rate in 2015 was 13.5 percent, down 1.2 percentage points from 2014. In 2015, there were 43.1 million people in poverty, 3.5 million fewer than in 2014.
• The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rate in 2015 was 14.3 percent, 1 percentage point lower than the SPM estimate for 2014.
• The percentage of people without health insurance coverage for the entire calendar year was 9.1 percent, or 29.0 million people. This was a decrease of 1.3 percentage points from the previous year.
Highlights
Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2015 and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
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Questions?
Dial-in number: 877-917-4904 Participant passcode: 4044808
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American Community Survey (ACS) September 15 ACS One-Year Estimates (2015)
December 8 ACS Five-Year Estimates (2011-2015)
Other Releases December Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates: 2015
Upcoming Releases
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