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Information Systems in Organizations
2.1 Analyzing organizations as systems and processes
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Course Topics Overview• Unit 1: Introduction• Unit 2: Systems Analysis• Unit 3: Organizational Systems• Unit 4: Consumer Systems
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Unit 2: Systems Analysis
2. Systems analysis: what makes a system tick?
2.1. Analyzing organizations as systems and processes2.1.1. Process decomposition: swim lane diagrams
2.1.2. Data modeling: entity relationship diagrams
2.2. Systems architecture: devices, network, data, apps2.2.1. Visualizing architecture: conceptual diagramming
2.2.2. Ex. of legacy, contemporary, and future information systems
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?What is “systems analysis”?
What is “systems architecture”?
Problem Solving Technique
Decomposition
Business Process
Modeling
What is the problem?
What is the solution?
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Systems Analysis
"Systems analysis is a problem solving technique that decomposes a system into its component pieces for the purpose of the studying how well those component parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose" - Wikipedia[
"the process of studying a procedure or business in order to identify its goals and purposes and create systems and procedures that will achieve them in an efficient way“ – Merriam-Webster Dictionary
So what does a systems analyst do?
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Concepts in Systems Analysis
Data Model Database
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Concepts in Systems Analysis
Feasibility Study
Requirements Gathering
User Experience Planning
Waterfall Model
Decision AnalysisLogical Design
Requirements Analysis
Problem Analysis
Scope Definition
Phased Approach
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Systems ArchitectureSystems Architecture is a generic discipline to handle objects (existing or to be created) called "systems", in a way that supports reasoning about the structural properties of these objects.
Systems Architecture is a response to the conceptual and practical difficulties of the description and the design of complex systems. – Boris Golden
Once a systems analyst understands the business problem, they architect a solution
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Systems Architecture
A Blueprint for Action
PlanningDesignProcurementBuildInstallationConfigurationTestingRoll out
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DoDAF
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SDLC
Plan
Analyze
DesignBuild
Maintain
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Initiate
Conceptualize
Plan
Analyze
Design
Develop
Integrate
Test
Implement
Roll Out
Maintain
Dispose
SDLC
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?What is a “swim lane diagram”?
How is a process performed?
Who does what?
When do they do it?
What happens before?
What happens after?
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Swim Lane DiagramWho does what and when?
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?What is an “entity relationship diagram”?
Entity = Noun
Relationship = Verb
Attribute = Characteristic
Data Model
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Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
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Primary ERD Symbols
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Inventory Item Attributes• ID• Name• Description• Unit of Measure• Weight• Serial #
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Internal IDNameDisplay NameDescriptionPurchase DescriptionVendor NameStore Display NameStore DescriptionUnits TypeStock UnitPurchase UnitSale UnitDisplay in Web SitePurchase PricePreferred VendorBase PriceList PriceOnline PriceIncome AccountAsset AccountExpense/COGS Account
Costing MethodOn SpecialTax ScheduleOn HandAvailableOn OrderCommittedBack OrderedReorder PointPreferred Stock LevelReorder MultipleDrop Ship ItemSpecial Order ItemCopy SO DescriptionWeightWeight UnitsClassBusiness UnitDate CreatedLast Modified
Inventory Item Attributes
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Unit 2: Systems Analysis
2. Systems analysis: what makes a system tick?
2.1. Analyzing organizations as systems and processes2.1.1. Process decomposition: swim lane diagrams
2.1.2. Data modeling: entity relationship diagrams
2.2. Systems architecture: devices, network, data, apps2.2.1. Visualizing architecture: conceptual diagramming
2.2.2. Ex. of legacy, contemporary, and future information systems