Download - Information Systems - Org Context
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Computer Services Management
Introduction
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The Nature of Business information age
In todays business environment informationand Information Technology (IT)being used
to gain and sustain competitive advantage.
This is the information ageKnow ledge is Power
All areas of business Marketing, Finance, HR, Higher Management - produce data / information
as a product.
Youll never find a successful business whose slogan is:
..what you dont know wont hurt you..
Organisations understand that what they dont know can become an Achilles heel and a source
ofadvantage for the competition.
In todays business world, Knowledge workers outnumber other types of worker by approx six to
one.
Hence Managing this knowledge (i.e. filtering out chaff and making decisions based on
correct information) is vital to Business success.
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Information Systems
The purpose of an IS is to get the right information to the
right people at the right time in the right amount and in the
right format.
A goal of an IS is to economically process data into
information or knowledge.
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Data, Information & Knowledge
Dataelementary description of things, events,activities and transactions that are recorded,classified and stored but not organised to conveyany specific meaning.
Informationdata that has been organised so thatthey have meaning and value to the recipient.
Knowledgedata and/or information that hasbeen organised and processed to conveyunderstanding, experience, accumulated learningand expertise as they apply to a current business
problem.
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Example
DataA student grade.
InformationThe student name coupled with the
students grade. KnowledgeA company recruiting has found
over time that students with a Merit 1 have had the
most success.
Based on this expertise, the company decides to
interview only students with a minimum Merit 1.
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IT Architecture
A high-level map or plan of the information assets
in an organisation. It is both a guide for current
operations and a blueprint for future directions. It integrates the entire organisations business
needs for information, the IT infrastructure and all
applications.
Defines how the IS/IT systems are used by the
organisation
Draw analogy to the architecture of a house.
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IT Infrastructure
Consists of the physical facilities, IT
components, IT services and IT personnel
that support the entire organisation.
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Capabilities of Information Systems
Perform high-speed, high-volume, numerical computations.
Provide fast, accurate communication and collaborationwithin and among organisations.
Store huge amounts of information in an easy-to-access, yetsmall, space.
Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts ofinformation.
Facilitate the interpretation of vast amounts of data.
Increase the effectiveness and efficiency of people working in
groups. Automate both semiautomatic business processes and manual
tasks.
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Types of Information Systems
Departmental/Functional area ISsupports a particular
functional area in the organisation, eg., production /operationsmanagement (POM) IS, Finance IS, HR IS, etc.,
Enterprise Resource Planning systemsupport the entireorganisation and integrates the functional areas via a commondatabase.
Transaction Processing systemsupports the monitoring,collection, storage and processing of data from theorganisations basic business transactions, each of whichgenerates data.
Interorganisational ISconnects two or more organisations B2B, Business to Business
B2C, Business to consumer
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MIS Integrating Themes
MIS deals with the co-ordination ofthree very important organisational resources:
Information
People
Technology (IT)
Co-ordination of these for the purpose of achieving and sustaining competitive
advantage
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MIS Components
Backup data
Restart job
Virus scan
HardwareSoftware
People ProceduresData
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Management Information Related
Subsystems
Information Technology (IT) is any computer based tool that people use to work with information and support the information-processing
needs of an organisation.
Includes Hardware, Software, Communications, networks, production automation, etc
Any Kit concerned with the capture, storage, transmission, and presentation of information
Strategic Management Information Systems (SMIS) Systems considered critical to the current or future business competitiveness of an organisation
SMIS is a relative rather than an absolute term as one must assess the STRATEGY of a given organisationfirst before attaching the term SMIS to a technology
Example: A web service offering a product online could be considered strategic i.e. Dell computers,Ryanair online booking system.
Example: Business Process re-engineering modelling software
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Management Information Related
Subsystems contd
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Business information over layed on Geographical Maps
Example: Google Earth shows Business locations, visitor attractions, etc in particular areas
Expert System (ES) Also called a knowledge based system is anArtificial Intelligence system that applies reasoning
capabilities to reach a conclusion.
Expert systems are software systems which capture the knowledge and experience of experts in particularfields Accounting, Medicine, Production Control, etc.
Expert Systems, through a series of carefully contrived questions to the user, can determine Whats wrong,and what to do.
Example: Forensic accounting
Example: HR Management to help personnel managers determine whether they are in compliance withNational and EU regulations
Example: Exsys Corvid
Dashboard System (DS)(EIS) A dashboard is an Executive Information System user interface that (similar to an automobiles dashboard)
is designed to be easy to read. For example, a product might obtain information from the local operatingsystem in a computer, from one or more applications that may be running, and from one or more remotesites on the Web and present it as though it all came from the same source.
Digital dashboards may be laid out to track the flows inherent in the business processes that they monitor.
Graphically, users may see the high-level processes and then drill down into low level data.
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Airline Executive Information System
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The Changing Role of the Information
Systems Department
Traditional Major IS Functions
Managing systems development and systems project
management
Managing computer operations, including the computer
centre
Staffing, training and developing IS skills
Providing technical services
Infrastructure planning, development and control
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Traditional / Classical Organisation
CEO
VP
Finance
VP
Accounting
VP
HRM
VP
MIS
Layers of middle managers
Customers
Commands
Analyze data
Condensed reports
Collect
data
Th Ch i R l f h
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The Changing Role of the
Information Systems Department New Major IS functions
Initiating and designing specific strategic information systems
Incorporating the Internet and electronic commerce into thebusiness
Managing system integration including the Internet, intranets and
extranets Educating the non-IS managers about IT
Educating the IS staff about the business
Supporting end-user computing
Partnering with the executives Managing outsourcing
Proactively using business and technical knowledge to seedinnovative ideas about IT
Creating business alliances with vendors and IS departments in theorganisation
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The Matrix Management
Project Focussed
Multi-disciplinary teams
Team members have more that one boss
Project team disbanded when project
completes
New project team for new project
Gives team members an insight into the
workings of other departments
Leadership training ground
Allows people with ideas to carry themforward
May cause blurring of communication
lines
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Modern Organisation structure
C.E.O.
Fin Prod HR Mkt IT
teams teams teams teams teams
Customer
Partner
Supplier
Partner
Contractor
Partner
Bank
Partner
Legal
Partner
Distribution
Partner
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New structure - DecentralisedManagement Team
Finance
Team
Marketing
Team
Accounting
Team
HRM
Team
Sales
TeamFranchise
Strategy
Methodology/Rules
Customers
CorporateDatabase
&
Network
Dir
Fin
Dir
Mrkt
Dir
Acct
Dir
HRM
Dir
MIS