Download - Inside the computer

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Page 1: Inside the computer
Page 2: Inside the computer

A simple model of the computer

MainMemory

OutputDevices

InputDevices

BackingStorage

Page 3: Inside the computer

The ProcessorArithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

Carries out calculations e.g.

10110011+ 11110010

ALU

Page 4: Inside the computer

The Processor

ALUControl

Unit

Control Unit

Decodes and executes instructions

Manages flow of information around CPU

Page 5: Inside the computer

The Processor

ALUControl

Unit

Register

Registers

Small number of very fast temporary storage locations which hold data

Register

Register

Register

Page 6: Inside the computer

The Processor and MemoryA processor looks like this

Page 7: Inside the computer

The Processor and MemoryA processor looks like this

and memory (RAM) looks like this

Page 8: Inside the computer

The Processor and Memory

Processor speed is measured in Megahertz (MHz)

A typical processor will have a speed of between 2 and 3.6 MHz BUT some computers have more than one processor

Page 9: Inside the computer

The Processor and Memory

Processor speed is measured in Megahertz (MHz)

A typical processor will have a speed of between 2 and 3.6 MHz BUT some computers have more than one processor

RAM is measured in Gigabytes (GB)

A typical computer will come with between 2GB and 8GB of RAM

Page 10: Inside the computer

Memory (RAM)

Main Memory

Address

10987654321

Large number of storage locations which hold data and programs

Each location has it’s own unique address

1111001100011010101011010011001111100000

Page 11: Inside the computer

Memory (RAM)

Main Memory

Address

10987654321

Known as RAM (Random Access Memory)

When the computer is switched off, RAM is cleared

Page 12: Inside the computer

Processor and memory

MainMemory

Which is why we need...

Page 13: Inside the computer

Processor, memory and backing storage

MainMemory

BackingStorage

Page 14: Inside the computer

Backing StorageThe most common form of backing storage is a hard disk drive which looks like this

Page 15: Inside the computer

Backing Storage

The circular area of a hard disk (the platter) is made of magnetic material

The storage space of a hard disk is measured in Gigabytes (GB)

A typical computer system will come with 250GB – 1000GB of storage space

Page 16: Inside the computer

Backing Storage

What other backing storage devices can you think of?

Page 17: Inside the computer

Backing Storage

What other backing storage devices can you think of?

Optical devices (CD-ROM / DVD-ROM)

Memory cards

USB Flash memory

Page 18: Inside the computer

ROM

We have seen that the computer’s memory is known as RAM which stands for:

RandomAccessMemory

RAM is cleared when the computer is switched off.

Page 19: Inside the computer

ROM

The computer also has special memory called ROM. This stands for:

ReadOnlyMemory

ROM does not get cleared when the computer is switched off

ROM contains the programs which tell the computer what to do when it is switched on

Page 20: Inside the computer

CreditsS2-3 Curriculum for Excellence – Inside the Computer

M. Cunningham, Forrester High School (2011)

All images licenced under Creative Commons 3.0• Intel Insides by Ryan Maclean (rcmaclean on Flickr)• Hard Disk by Jeff Kubina


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