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Insights into Publication Success
Hitotsubashi University Author Workshop Daniel McGowan, PhD Science Director Edanz Group Japan 20 November 2013
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Customer Service Introduction A little about me…
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Customer Service Introduction Today’s presentation
• Introduction
• Before you start – Journal selection
• Manuscript structure
• Hints and tips
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Customer Service Introduction
Design research
Perform research
Draw conclusions
Hypothesis
New findings of relevance published
New validated method published
Publishing helps other researchers
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Customer Service Introduction You must publish in English
¾The international language of academic inquiry ¾Other researchers want to hear from you ¾Become an effective communicator ¾Funding ¾International reputation ¾Career advancement
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Customer Service Introduction Journal editors and reviewers ask themselves
• Is the manuscript novel? • Is the manuscript of interest to our readers?
Novelty Significance
Target audience Impact
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Customer Service Introduction What do journal editors want?
Interesting to journal’s
readership
Increase impact
High quality research
Original and novel research
Clear and concise English
Topical research field
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Customer Service Introduction Publication ethics
• Multiple submissions • Plagiarism
– self-plagiarism
• Improper author contributions • Data fabrication/falsification • Conflicts of interest
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Before you start … The sciences are diverse
Journals from Different Fields
Different styles
Different sections Different amount of references
Different approach
Different age of references
Different section lengths
Are reliable
Are interesting to the readers
Present a logical argument
Are readable
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Before you start … Form your research question
A good research question will guide your research ¾Be specific about a broad topic
“We investigated entrepreneurship in Japan”
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Before you start … Form your research question
A good research question will guide your research ¾Be specific about a broad topic
“We investigated entrepreneurship in Japan”
“How does personality affect the desire to be an entrepreneur?”
“What macroeconomic factors influence entrepreneurship?”
“How will an entrepreneur react to rising transaction costs in their industry?”
“How can a firm encourage entrepreneurs within the company?”
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Before you start … Construct an outline
Decide what story you are wanting to tell ¾ Rationale and aim ¾ Main findings ¾ Relevant aspects of approach ¾ How this advances the field ¾ Structure & content according to selected
journal
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Journal selection Factors to consider
• Aims & scope • Prestige • Impact factor • Target audience
• Open access • Publishing frequency • Cost • Publication type
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Journal selection Timing
• Choose your target journal: – After you have decided you have enough results
for a publication – After a decision has been made on how high to
aim—high, medium or low impact – Before writing the Title, Abstract, Introduction
or Discussion sections
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Journal selection Choosing a target journal
Novelty Significance
Target audience Impact
• Journal selection must be based on an honest evaluation of your manuscript
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Journal selection Edanz survey results
n = 333 published authors
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Journal selection
Insert abstract
Journal Selector – www.edanzediting.co.jp/journal_selector
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Journal selection
Recommended journals
Filter by: Impact factor
Publishing frequency Open access
Journal Selector – www.edanzediting.co.jp/journal_selector
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Journal selection
Semantic matching terms
Journals IF, Aims & Scope, and Frequency
Similar published articles
Have they published similar articles recently? Have you cited some of these articles?
Journal Selector – www.edanzediting.co.jp/journal_selector
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Manuscript structure
Manuscript
World Class
Your title
• Convey the main topics of manuscript • Be specific and concise: main finding or subject
of investigation in a few words • Avoid jargon, abbreviations and acronyms
A label for indexing Introduces your manuscript to an editor
Grabs the reader’s attention
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Manuscript structure Abstract
First impressions are important!
Who’s hungry?
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Manuscript structure Abstract
First impression of your paper
Importance of your results
Validity of your conclusions
Relevance of your aims
Judge your writing style
Probably only part that will be read
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Manuscript structure Manuscript flow
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
General background to specific aims
Specific findings
Summary of findings to general
implications
Methods
Results
Discussion
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Manuscript structure Introduction
Previous work
Research question
How addressed
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Manuscript structure Literature Review
How does your research relate to the past?
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Manuscript structure Literature Review
How did these lead to more recent studies? How is your manuscript different?
What is your hypothesis?
What did earlier studies show?
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Manuscript structure Method/Model/Approach
¾Subheadings ¾Sufficient detail for analysis to be reproduced ¾All variables for models must be defined ¾Statistical tests used and parameters for data
clearly explained
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Manuscript structure Results/Analysis
What did you find?
Appropriate comparisons?
Results statistically significant?
Data duplicated among figures, tables and text?
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Manuscript structure Discussion/Interpretations
Summary of findings
Relevance of findings
Implications for the field
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Manuscript structure Discussion/Interpretations
¾Avoid just restating results ¾Answer the research question(s) posed
¾Emphasize the major finding(s) first
¾State your major conclusion ¾Based on results presented
Beginning
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Manuscript structure
¾Interpret your results ¾ Compare with other studies
¾Unexpected results ¾Briefly describe limitations ¾How could the approach used be
improved?
Discussion/Interpretations
Middle
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Manuscript structure
¾Restate major conclusion(s) ¾ In summary … In conclusion …
¾Possible applications and policy implications ¾Suggest future work
Discussion/Interpretations
End
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Manuscript structure A good reference list
• Provides relevant information for the readers
• Self-citations
• Old references
• 75% of references from the last 5 years
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Manuscript structure References
Cite all statements from previously published works
Use reference management software EndNote, Papers, RefWorks, Mendeley
Cite broadly from different groups in your field
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Coverage and Staffing Plan
Hints and tips Consider your reader
• Reader expectations • Communicating clearly • Responding to reviewers
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Coverage and Staffing Plan
Hints and tips Reader expectations
• Information is easier to understand when placed where most readers expect to find it
• Good writers are aware of these expectations
• Readability
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Coverage and Staffing Plan Hints and tips
Subject
Verb
1. Verb placement
• Readers expect verbs to closely follow subjects
Sentence
.
Subject Verb
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Coverage and Staffing Plan Hints and tips Avoid reader confusion
• Readers become confused if subject and verb are separated by too much content
Capital, unlike labor, which is a country-specific factor, moves freely across countries.
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Coverage and Staffing Plan Hints and tips
Capital, unlike labor, which is a country-specific factor, moves freely across countries.
Capital moves freely across countries, while labor is a country-specific factor.
Avoid reader confusion
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Coverage and Staffing Plan
Hints and tips Which voice?
• Active or passive? – Eight separate models were analyzed... – We analyzed eight models...
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Coverage and Staffing Plan Hints and tips 2. Active voice
• Sentences written in the active voice are: simple direct clear
easy to read
Subject Verb
Active
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Coverage and Staffing Plan Hints and tips
• Readers focus on information at the end of a sentence.
.
take-home information
Subject Verb
3. Stress position
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Coverage and Staffing Plan Hints and tips
Topic position
. Stress position
Subject Verb
• Readers expect a sentence/phrase to be a story about whoever shows up first
4. Topic position
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Coverage and Staffing Plan Hints and tips Topic position
idea idea idea idea
Topic link
sentence
• Linkage and context We analyzed eight models of monetary policy. In the first model, interest rates were responsive to inflation. Interest rates were varied to test the effects of variation on output. In the second model, interest rates were responsive to taxation…
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Coverage and Staffing Plan
Hints and tips Topic sentences
• Indicates the main idea of a paragraph
• Provides writer with a focus • First sentence of a paragraph • Then discuss/explain the topic • Summarize with a concluding
sentence Beginning Î Middle Î End
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Coverage and Staffing Plan
Hints and tips Readability
“only 4% of readers understand a 27-word sentence the first time”
¾Your reader should – Only need to read once – Not have to read slowly – Understand your logic immediately
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Coverage and Staffing Plan
Hints and tips Simple is best
¾Simple language is best ¾Makes your science more relevant ¾Minimizes confusion – maximizes
understanding ¾Science is complex ¾Use simple language to help more people
understand your work
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Coverage and Staffing Plan
Hints and tips
Avoid Additional Adequate Apparent Attempt Demonstrate Endeavor Exceedingly
Simple words
Preferred More Enough Clear Try Show Try Very
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Coverage and Staffing Plan Hints and tips
Accepted—publication!
Editor Manuscript
Peer review
Revision
Reject
Results novel? Topic relevant? Journal requirements met?
New experiments Improve readability Add information
Submission process and time frames
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Coverage and Staffing Plan
Hints and tips Peer review improves your manuscript
• Few papers are accepted without revision • Rejection and revision are integral • Peer review should be a positive process
Acceptance Minor
revision Major
revision
Rejection
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Coverage and Staffing Plan
Hints and tips
• Politely respond to all comments in a response letter
• Make it easy to see the changes – Refer to line and page numbers – Different color font – Highlight the text
How to revise your manuscript
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Coverage and Staffing Plan
Hints and tips Revision
• Conduct additional experiments and analyses as suggested – If this is impossible, you must explain why
• You can disagree with reviewers, but provide evidence (e.g. cite references)
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Coverage and Staffing Plan Hints and tips Writing your response
letter Address editor personally
Manuscript ID number
Thank reviewers
Summarize major changes
John G. Hunter Editor-in-Chief World Journal of Surgery 16 August 2012 Dear Dr. Hunter, Re: Resubmission of manuscript reference No. WJS-07-5739 Please find attached a revised version of our manuscript originally entitled “Long-term outcomes following right-lobe living donor liver transplantation,” which we would like to resubmit for consideration for publication in World Journal of Surgery. The reviewer’s comments were highly insightful and enabled us to greatly improve the quality of our manuscript. In the following pages are our point-by-point responses to each of the comments. Revisions in the manuscript are shown as underlined text. In accordance with the first comment, the title has been revised and the entire manuscript has undergone substantial English editing. We hope that the revisions in the manuscript and our accompanying responses will be sufficient to make our manuscript suitable for publication in World Journal of Surgery.
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Coverage and Staffing Plan Hints and tips
Point-by-point response
Reviewer comment 1: There are many typos and complicated phrases. This manuscript should be corrected by a native English speaker before resubmission. Response: We thank the reviewer for this comment. The entire manuscript has now undergone English editing by a native English-speaking scientist.
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Coverage and Staffing Plan Hints and tips
Point-by-point response
Reviewer comment 2: Some additional background on the development of the Taylor rule is required in the Introduction. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this type of monetary policy? Response: In accordance with this suggestion, we have added some additional information on the advantages and disadvantages of the Taylor rule to the Introduction section of the revised manuscript (page 4, lines 7–13).
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Coverage and Staffing Plan
Hints and tips Free online resources
• Springer Exemplar springerexemplar.com/ • Google Scholar scholar.google.com/ • Purdue Online Writing Lab owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/
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Coverage and Staffing Plan
Hints and tips Free online resources academy.springer.com/
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This presentation is available for free download from our website: www.edanzediting.com/tokyo20131120 www.edanzediting.co.jp/tokyo20131120
Thank you Good luck!