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Integrated approach for Managing pepper weevil,
Anthonomus eugenii Cano using reduced risk insecticides in
combination with sex pheromone
D.R. Seal
University of Florida-IFAS
Tropical Research and Education Center
Homestead, FL 33031
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Pepper Production Acreage in the
Southern Region
Sweet pepper Hot pepper
Florida 19, 554 1,049
Texas 4,919 6,464
N. Carolina 3,943 272
Georgia 3,745 -----
Virginia 1,134 -----
Kentucky 666
Oklahoma - 427
Louisiana - 240
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Origin: Mexico-
Moved through south
& Central America.
Spread in Caribbean.
Texas: 1904;
California: 1923;
Florida: 1935;
Hawaii: 1933;
Puerto Rico: 1982.
Adult: L 2.0-3.5 mm
W 1.5-1.8 mm
Petunia, Chrysalis, LycopersiconDatura, Nicotiana,
Black nightshade, silverleaf nightshade,
Horsenettle, buffalo bar, Jerusalem cherry
Hosts:
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Eggs: oval,
grayish
L: 0.53 mm
W: 0.39 mm
Larva: Elongated, C-shaped
1st instar: 1.0 mm (0.8-1.5) 1.7 d
2nd instar: 1.9 mm (1.3-2.6) 2.2 d
3rd instar: 3.3 mm (2.2-5.0) 8.4 d
Pupa: 2.8 mm 4.7 d
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Diel activity pattern of pepper weevil
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Alternate hosts
Chrysalis
Petunia
Lycopersicon
Datura
Nicotiana
Black
nightshade
Silver
nightshade
Horse nettle
Buffalo bar
Jerusalem
cherry
Eggplant
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MANAGEMENT OF PW
• Pheromone based management program
• Reduced risk insecticide
• Reflective plastic mulch
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PEPPER WEEVIL MANAGEMENT BY USING PHEROMONE
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Pheromone based pepper weevil management program
Plato’s PWACT Trece’s
pheromone
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Materials and Methods
Bioassay
• PWACTs were impregnated with Vydate and Malathion
• 8 tubes impregnated with Vydate were placed out side in a
normal environmental condition
• Similarly, eight tubes were placed for Malathion and control.
• Each week for eight weeks, one tube for each treatment was
brought into the laboratory and exposed to freshly emerged 3 PW
adults for 30 secs. in 5 replicates.
• Treated adults were then transferred to a Petri dish and checked
every day to record mortality.
• The above study was repeated by exposing PW adults for120
sec.
Treatments Time of exposure(Sec)
Vydate 30 120
Malathion 30 120
Control 30 120
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Mean percent mortality of PW adults in different
treatments
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
week 0 week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 week 5 week 6 week 7 week 8
vydate 30
vydate 120
mala 30
mala 120
C o ntro l
% m
orta
lity
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Field Evaluation of PWACT
Treatment Rate/A
PWACT 8 tubes
Actara 4 oz
Vydate 2 pt
Control
Plot size: 50 ft long x 4 beds
RCBD
Six applications at weekly intervals
Evaluation was based on mean numbers of
infested fruits
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Field evaluation of PWACT
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Field evaluation
Mean numbers of infested fruits per 20 plants
Treatment Rate/A 10 May 17 May 24 May 31 May 8 June 15 June
PWACT 8 tubes 0.25a 0 4.25b 15.25a 56.50a 105.50a
Actara 4 oz 0 0 0.25c 0.25b 0.75b 2.00b
Vydate 2 pt 0 0.25a 1.00c 1.25b 0.75b 2.50b
Control 0.25a 1.50a 10.75a 18.75a 56.00a 129.25a
Mean numbers of infested fruits
Means within a column followed by a same letter do not differ significantly
(P >0.05; DMRT).
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REDUCED RISK INSECTICIDE IN MANAGING PEPPER WEEVIL
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Effectiveness of reduced risk insecticides in combination with
Trece’s Pheromone traps
Treatments Rate/acre Active component Application intervals
Untreated -- -- ---
Asana 6 oz
Xpectro OD 1 qt Pyrethrin+ B. bassiana Weekly
Spear 4 lbs Spider venom Weekly
Venerate XC 3 qts Heat killied Burkholderia weekly
rinojensis
2 One acre field
Five treatments
Four beds each 80 ft long
RCBD
Five replications
One pheromone trap/acre
Application: once a week for
eight weeks
Evaluation: Collected all PW
infested fruits
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J 8 J 16 J 22 J 31 F 9 F 19 F 25 M 4 M 14
Asana 0 0 0.60 0.75 2.00a 25.6ab 58.0b 47.4b 68.4b
Xpectro 0 0 0.20 0.50 0.60a 12.8b 33.8c 43.0b 116.6ab
Spear 0 0 0.20 0.82 2.00a 35.2a 108.4a 122.4a 162.4ab
Venerate 0 0 0.20 1.28 1.80a 36.8a 106.6a 119.8a 174.4ab
Control 0 0 0.20 1.30 2.20a 34.0a 105.4a 115.6a 189.4a
J 8 J 16 J 22 J 31 F 9 F 19 F 25 M 4 M 14
Asana 0 0 0 0.3 0 1.75a 10.5b 18.5b 66.25b
Xpectro 0 0 0 0.3 0 2.50a 33.0a 50.0a 147.0a
Spear 0 0 0 0.3 0 1.75a 24.8ab 17.0b 110.7a
Venerate 0 0 0 0.0 0 2.50a 20.3ab 40.8a 100.5a
Control 0 0 0 0.3 0.3 1.75a 18.3ab 33.3a 98.25ab
N 24plant
1st sampleJ 8
6th sampleF 19
PW infested fruits in different treated plots In presence of pheromone trap
In absence of pheromone trap
Avera
ge w
eekly
tem
pera
ture
(F
)
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PW adults recorded on the Trece Pherocon PEW trap on various sampling dates during the study
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Mean weight (lb) of marketable yield /acre
Treatments Rate/acre With Pheromone Without
pheromone
Asana 6 oz 2,904a 7,783ab
Xpectro 1 qt 1,888a 9,453ab
Spear 4 lbs 3,485a 9,707ab
Venerate 3 qts 2,701a 11,522a
Control - 3,136a 5,699b
Means within a column followed by a same letter do not differ significantly (P < 0.05;
DMRT).
Marketable Yield (lb)Yield
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EFFECT OF REFLECTIVE PLASTIC MULCH IN MANAGING PEPPER WEEVIL
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Mean numbers of pepper weevil infested fruits on different plastic mulches
White-Black Black-White
Silver-Black
Different plastic mulches
Mean
nu
mb
ers
of fru
its
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Mean numbers of marketable fruits on different plastic mulches
White-Black Black-White
Silver-Black
Different plastic mulches
Mean
nu
mb
ers
of fru
its
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Chemical control
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Mean number of infested
fruits/plot treated with
Actara and Vydate
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Actara Vydate Control
0
10
20
30
Actara Vydate Control
Mean weight (Lb.) of marketable yield/plot
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Effect of Novaluron in controlling PW adults
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Vydate Novaluron Actara-Nov Control
3-Apr 12-Apr 17-Apr 21-Apr Mean
Treatments
aa
ab b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
P > 0.05
Treatment Rate [oz]/acre
Vydate 32.0Novaluron 12.0Actara-Novaluron 4.0-
12.0Control --
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Effect of Novaluron on PW infested fruits/plant
Treatments
a
a a a a a
aa bab b b
a b ab b bb b b b b
P > 0.05
Treatment Rate [oz]/acre
Vydate 32.0Novaluron 12.0Actara-Novaluron 4.0-
12.0Control --
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Conclusion
PWACT provided suppression of PW up to four weeks
PW infestation was high in the pheromone treated field
Venerate increased total marketable yield
Both Actara and Vydate significantly reduced PW infested buds,
flowers and fruits. However, effectiveness of Actara was better
than Vydate.
Actara in rotation with Novaluron provides significant reduction of
PW and PW infested fruits.
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Disclaimer
• The above information on the efficacy of insecticides in controlling thrips were generated based on our various research studies. This information should not be used as a recommendation by the University of Florida for controlling any specific pest. Use of an insecticide must be based on the label of that insecticide.
• .
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