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Integrated Pest Management for Tehama County Prunes and Walnuts
Richard P. BuchnerUCCE FARM ADVISOR
Tehama County1754 Walnut Street • Red Bluff
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University of California Cooperative Extension
Orchard Crop Production – R. BuchnerWater Resources – A. FultonYouth Development – J. George & T. GolonkaLivestock/Natural Resources – M. HorneyDairy, Olives & Agronomic – Glenn County
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Orchard Production is More Than Just
Integrated Pest Management
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Cash and Labor Costs per acre:
COSTS PER ACRE TO PRODUCE WALNUTS Sacramento Valley 2002
CULTURAL COSTS
Operation Operation Time (Hrs/A)Time (Hrs/A)
Labor Labor CostCost
Fuel, Lube Fuel, Lube & Repairs& Repairs
Material Material CostCost
Custom/Custom/ RentRent
Total Total CostCost
Pruning Pruning –– Alternate Years (50% cost)Alternate Years (50% cost) 3.503.50 5151 2626 00 00 7777
Pruning Pruning –– Brush Disposal Brush Disposal –– Alternate YearsAlternate Years 0.370.37 1212 33 00 00 1515
IrrigateIrrigate 1.001.00 99 00 141141 00 150150
Fertilizer Fertilizer –– Nitrogen 2XNitrogen 2X 0.000.00 00 00 5858 00 5858
Fertilizer Fertilizer –– Leaf Analysis Leaf Analysis –– N, K, ZnN, K, Zn 0.040.04 00 00 00 11 11
Pest Pest –– PCA ServicePCA Service 0.000.00 00 00 00 2222 2222
Weed Control Weed Control –– InIn--season Strip Sprayseason Strip Spray 0.250.25 44 22 33 00 99
Weed Control Weed Control –– Dormant Strip SprayDormant Strip Spray .25.25 11 22 1010 00 1616
Weed Control Weed Control –– Mow Middles 5XMow Middles 5X 1.251.25 1818 1010 00 00 2828
Insect Control Insect Control –– Codling Moth 2XCodling Moth 2X 0.500.50 77 55 3939 00 5151
Insect Control Insect Control –– Misc. InsectsMisc. Insects 0.250.25 44 33 3030 00 3636
Disease Control Disease Control –– Walnut Blight 3XWalnut Blight 3X 0.750.75 1111 88 8686 00 104104
Vertebrate Control Vertebrate Control –– GophersGophers 0.500.50 55 00 66 00 1111
Growth Regulator (50% acres)Growth Regulator (50% acres) .13.13 22 11 1414 00 1717
ATV UseATV Use 2.852.85 4141 44 00 00 4545
Miscellaneous LaborMiscellaneous Labor 3.003.00 2828 00 00 00 2828
TOTAL CULTURAL COSTSTOTAL CULTURAL COSTS 14.6314.63 195195 6464 386386 2323 668668
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Cash and Labor Costs per acre:
COSTS PER ACRE TO PRODUCE WALNUTS Sacramento Valley 2002
HARVEST COSTS
Operation Operation Time (Hrs/A)Time (Hrs/A)
Labor Labor CostCost
Fuel, Lube Fuel, Lube & Repairs& Repairs
Material Material CostCost
Custom/Custom/ RentRent
Total Total CostCost
Shake, Pick, HullShake, Pick, Hull 0.000.00 00 00 00 145145 145145
Rake WalnutsRake Walnuts 1.501.50 1414 00 00 00 1414
Hull, DryHull, Dry 0.000.00 00 00 00 324324 324324
CWC Assessment FeeCWC Assessment Fee 0.000.00 00 00 5454 00 5454
TOTAL HARVEST COSTSTOTAL HARVEST COSTS 1.501.50 1414 00 5454 469469 538538
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Operation Operation Time (Hrs/A)Time (Hrs/A)
Labor Labor CostCost
Fuel, Lube Fuel, Lube & Repairs& Repairs
Material Material CostCost
Custom/Custom/ RentRent
Total Total CostCost
OfficeOffice 5050
Liability InsuranceLiability Insurance 55
Sanitation ServiceSanitation Service 1111
Fuel/Lube PickupFuel/Lube Pickup 1717
Property TaxesProperty Taxes 8888
Property InsuranceProperty Insurance 2929
Investment RepairsInvestment Repairs 5151
Interest on operating capital @ 7.40%Interest on operating capital @ 7.40% 2525
TOTAL CASH OVERHEAD COSTSTOTAL CASH OVERHEAD COSTS 275275
COSTS PER ACRE TO PRODUCE WALNUTS Sacramento Valley 2002
CASH OVERHEAD Cash and Labor Costs per acre:
Operation Operation Time (Hrs/A)Time (Hrs/A)
Labor Labor CostCost
Fuel, Lube Fuel, Lube & Repairs& Repairs
Material Material CostCost
Custom/Custom/ RentRent
Total Total CostCost
TOTAL CULTURAL COSTSTOTAL CULTURAL COSTS 195195 6464 386386 2323 668668
TOTAL HARVEST COSTSTOTAL HARVEST COSTS 1414 00 5454 469469 538538
TOTAL CASH OVERHEAD COSTSTOTAL CASH OVERHEAD COSTS 275275
TOTAL OPERATING COSTS/ACRETOTAL OPERATING COSTS/ACRE 209209 6464 440440 492492 1,4801,480
OPERATING COSTS/ACRECash and Labor Costs per acre:
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IPMIntegrated pest management is an ecosystem-based strategy focusing on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and use of resistant varieties (Flint, 2001).
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu
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Integrated Prune Farming Practices (IPFP)
akaEnvironmentally Sound Prune
Systems (ESPS)
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The TeamBill OlsonRick Buchner Mark FreemanBrent HoltzBill Krueger Themis MichailidesNick Mills Gary Obenauf
Carolyn PickelWilbur ReilKen ShackelJed WaltonSteve SibbettSteve Southwick Fred Thomas
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ProblemWithout a dormant spray,aphids can be a problem
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Aphids present using methods
1 or 2 (Y,N)
Scale above Threshold
Reduced Risk Treatment
Reccomendation
Conventional Treatment
Recommendation
N N Nothing Nothing
N Y Dormant Oil Dormant Insecticide + Oil
Y N Dormant Insecticide + Oil
Y Y Dormant Insecticide + Oil
2) One or more aphid eggs are found in the dormant spur samples.
Dormant Treatment Guide For Orchards That Have been Receiving Dormant Insecticide Sprays in The Past
Oil at Green Tip or Growing season
Insecticide or Growing season
Oil*
* Oil alone is not effective for Leaf Curl Plum Aphid once the leaves are curled.
1) Orchard history indicates at least one tree had aphids last season.
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% Orchards Needing to treat for Aphids In-season After following the Dormant Treatment Decision Guide's Recommendation of "no
treatment needed"
0
20
40
60
80
100
Treatment Needed No Treatment Needed
perc
ent
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Low-Med-High**Defoliated 25 21-0-3 Defoliated 7.3
Non-Defoliated 99 19-19-57 Non-Defoliated 12.5
% of Trees With MPA % of Trees With LCPAEvaluated 5-7-02
Controlling Prune Aphids Using 20lbs of ZnSO4/100 Gallons of water in an air blast spray application applied 10-15-01 to Defoliate Trees
**Total number of trees with MPALow = Less than 25% of the tree with aphidsMed = Less than 50 % of the tree with aphidsHigh = More than 50 % of the tree with aphids
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Problem: No way of knowing if
Prune Rust will be a problem. Consequently, rust treatments are the
most common growing season treatment
Solution:Solution: Create a rust monitoring Create a rust monitoring
techniquetechnique
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IPM Techniques for Walnuts
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Codling moth C. pomonella
IPM – Pheromone traps / degree daysParasitism – Trichogramma platneriMating disruption / pheromone confusionInsect growth regulators
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MOTHS PER NIGHT
0123456789
1011121314151617181920
3/28 4/4 4/8 4/15 4/22 4/29 5/6 5/14 5/20 5/28 6/3 6/10 6/17 6/27 7/11 7/25 8/8
1x 10x DA
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University of California ESPS, IPM, and WPMA Pest Update Tehama County 10/7/02
ESPS = Environmentally Sound Prune Systems IPM = Integrated Pest Management WPMA = Walnut Pest Management Alliance
INSECT FIRST BIOFIX
SECOND BIOFIX
THIRD BIOFIX
FOURTH BIOFIX
ACTIVITY MOTHS/DAY
AVG. DEG. DAYS/DAY
DAY DEGREES FROM BIOFIX
CODLING MOTH 4/1 6/20 8/1 0 16.4 1369
ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH 3/4 5/20 6/24 7/29 0 21.4 1811
PEACH TWIG BORROR 4/8 6/20 8/5 9/16 4.9 16.4 375
NAVEL ORANGE WORM
5/16 est 7/7 est 8/5 0 eggs 11.5 1167
SAN JOSE SCALE 4/2 15.4 3403
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Monitoring Insect ActivityMonitoring Insect Activity
Temperate Temperate PhenologyPhenology ModelsModels