Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Willington Siabato Miguel Ángel Manso-Callejo
• Presentation and general overview • What do we expect? Our vision• How can we achieve this?• GI and Time• GI and Semantics (Geosemantics)• What have we done?• Conclusions (Pseudo)• Ongoing works and next steps• References
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
4
Presentation and general overview
• Traditional spatial data modelling
• Fixed• Static• Monolithic
• ¿New Entity?
http://support.esri.com/en/downloads/datamodel/detail/14
• ¿New relationship?• ¿New “behaviour”?
TO CHANGETO UPDATE
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?GI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
5
New paradigm to store data taking into account the temporal and
semantic components…..
…… a new milestone in the geographic analysis capabilities.
Presentation and general overview
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?GI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
6
• Part I: definition.• Part II: geosemantic component.• Part III: temporal component.• Part IV: integration.
Presentation and general overview
This paper and this presentation are just and introduction. Our project is divided into four parts.
So, we are going to present the definition of the project today .
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?GI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
8
What do we expect?
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?GI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
9
I am a RiverI was born
in 1992
.....
I am a highwayI was born in
2005
.....
What do we expect?
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?GI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
10
So, our vision, in a very utopian world, is be able to see how data can
interact in a system just incorporating them into it.
We want to provide data with the capability of interact without having to be immersed in
a static model.
What do we expect?
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?GI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
11
Spatial Time Meaning
What do we expect?
..........
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?GI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
13
Atrib
utte
s•The represented
geographic feature should contain a minimum amount of data describing it to know about its nature. The description should be made in qualitative or quantitative units. • Databases.• Tables.• External files.
Tim
e •This component is needed to locate the geographic feature at a specific time. Because of the dynamism of natural phenomena and the activities registered on the Earth surface, the temporal label is needed to locate data at the corresponding specific time.
• Temporal references.• Metadata.
Spat
ial
•The simple observation of a phenomenon without registering the location of the feature does not generate useful information. It is necessary to locate the phenomenon so as to match the represented geographic feature and its derived information.
• Representation of geographic features.
• Topology.
Three main components of GI (Sinton)
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?GI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
14
How can we achieve this?
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?GI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
15
How can we achieve this?
By using Mark-Up Languages and related technologies such as:
•Geographic Mark-Up Languages.• GML, KML and SpatialML.
• Time Mark-Up Languages.• TimeML and Timex
• Semantic Languages.• OWL, RDF, DARPA Agent Mark-up Language, SPARQL Query Language for RDF.
In addition to other de facto or ad hoc standards related to semantic, temporal, and/or GI storage aspects.
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?GI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
16
This piece of work is primarily based on concepts and studies related to space and time; semantic and semantic interoperability, annotation of temporal expressions, work related to space and time labelling as well as GI retrieval.
How can we achieve this?
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?GI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
17
To enrich GI storing and to improve the spatial and temporal analyses.
The ultimate objective
Now I am able to interact with other
data-
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?GI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
18
The ultimate objective is the modelling and representation of the dynamic nature of geographic features (which are dynamic by definition), establishing mechanisms to store geometries enriched with a temporal structure and a set of semantic descriptors detailing and clarifying the nature of the represented features and their temporality.
The ultimate objective
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?GI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
20
Description of the problem
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
21
Description of the problem
• Lack of a binding historical geometric, semantic and temporal register of the represented features.
• Users do not achieve directly (or even indirectly in some cases) the desired answers from the spatiotemporal analyses carried out.
• Inability to develop real spatiotemporal analyses.• Attribute space time relationships without one-to-one matching.• Inability to find other related levels of information or associated geographic features.
• The intrinsic need to manage versions.• Information duplication in zones not going through changes.• Inability to develop real spatiotemporal analyses.
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
23
Framework
“Geographic entities, like everything else in the world, exist in time as well as in space;...... Spatio-temporal reasoning is not reasoning about some abstract (x,y,z,t) framework: it is mainly reasoning about the appearance, change, and disappearance of things in space and over time.” (Couclelis, 1998)
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
24
Description of the problem
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
25
Hypothesis
The lack of the semantic and temporal components in the current structures of Geographic Information storage causes the spatiotemporal analyses to be deficient. The proposal of a new model incorporating an independent temporal structure and a semantic meaning would optimise such storage and would allow improving GI retrieval, processing and analysis capability.
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
26
Three new layers to empower the main components
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
27
Semantic-Temporal Layer
This layer will let to identify temporal expressions into Attributes, Metadata and user-query sentences.
To process this sentences as NLP.
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
28
Geosemantic Layer
This layer will let to provide data with the capability of knowing who they are.
Based on Gazetteer services it will be also possible to discover the historical linage of data.
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
29
Incremental Spatio-Temporal Layer
This layer will let to store data following the incremental model avoiding data (geometries) duplication.
The first proposal will consider an independent (self- contained) format.
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
31
¿What?Atributte
¿When?
Time
.
¿Where?
Spatial
Triadic model of space, time and attributes (Peuquet:1998)
Related jobs
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
32
• Snodgrass and their work in data bases.• Langran’s time and GIS concepts.• Yuan models.• Ott and Swiaczny time in GIS concepts.
Related jobs
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
34
• Natural Language Processing methods and techniques.• Geographic Information Retrieval.• Computational processing of temporal expressions.
Related jobs
The analysis of temporal expressions allows placing data, facts and events on timelines subjectively, correlating and arranging them chronologically.
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
36
What have we done?
• We have developed the core of the semantic-temporal layer. The tests show reliability in the process. Now we must integrate it. • We have create a very basic time-ontology. We must define a comprehensive one. • We have developed a GML Scheme for incorporating incremental geometric data.• We have evaluated the possibilities of mark-up languages to store data and describe time into GIS:
I can see you are experts on this topic, I hope to keep in touch to “improve” the ontology.
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
38
Conclusion
By adding three new layers to GI it will possible to improve spatio-temporal geographic data analysis.
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
40
Ongoing and next steps
• Implementation of the three layers.• Integration of layers.• Incorporation of this layer into a system.• Proof of concept.
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
42
References 1. Armstrong MP (ed.): Temporality in spatial databases. Falls Church - USA: The Urban and Regional Information Systems Association (1988)3. Bates MJ, Wilde DN, Siegfried S: An analysis of search terminology used by humanities scholars: the Getty Online Searching Project Report Number 1. The Library Quarterly , 63(1): 1-39. (1993)4. Berry BJ: Approaches to regional analysis: a synthesis. Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 54(1): 2-11. (1964)7. Brandeis University and Universität Osnabrück, Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events, http://www.dagstuhl.de/de/programm/kalender/semhp/?semnr=051519. Corporation TM: Time Expression Recognition and Normalization Evaluation. In: TERN-2004 Evaluation Workshop, MITRE, (2004)10. Couclelis H: Aristotelian Spatial Dynamics in the Age of Geographic Information Systems. In: Spatial and temporal reasoning in geographicinformation systems. Edited by Egenhofer MJ, Colledge RG, vol. 54, 1st edn. New York - USA: Oxford University Press: 109-118 (1998)11. DARPA's InformationExploitation Office, The DARPA Agent Markup Language Homepage, http://www.daml.org12. Defense AdvancedResearchProjectsAgency-InformationTechnology Office, Conference on Message Understanding, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_Understanding_Conference13. Dipartimento diInformaticai Comunicazione, TIME International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning, http://time.dico.unimi.it/TIME_Home.html14. Ellen Voorhees, The Retrieval Group, http://www.itl.nist.gov/iaui/894.02/18. Galton A (ed.): Qualitative spatial change: Oxford University Press (2001)19. Galton A, Worboys M: Processes and events in dynamic geo-networks. In: GeoSpatial Semantics. Edited by Rodríguez A, Cruz IF, Egenhofer MJ, Levashkin S, vol. 3799. Berlin - Germany: Springer-Verlag: 45-59 (2005)20. Galton A: Desiderata for a Spatio-temporal Geo-ontology. In: Spatial Information Theory. Foundations of Geographic Information Science, International Conference -COSIT 2003-. Edited by Kuhn W, Worboys M, Timpf S, vol. 2825. Berlin - Germany: Springer-Verlag: 1-12 (2003)21. Galton A: Dynamic collectives and their collective dynamics. In: Spatial Information Theory. International Conference -COSIT 2005-. Edited by Cohn AG, Mark DM, vol. 3693. Berlin - Germany: Springer-Verlag: 300-315 (2005)22. Galton A: Fields and objects in space, time, and space-time. Spatial Cognition and Computation , 4(1): 39-68. (2004)23. Galton A: Space, time, and the representation of geographical reality. Topoi , 20(2): 173-187. (2001)24. Hornsby KS, Yuan M: Understanding Dynamics of Geographic Domains, 1st edn. Boca Raton - USA: CRC Press (2008)25. International OrganizationforStandardization -ISO-: Language resource management – Semantic Annotation Framework (SemAF) – Part1: Time and events. Technical Report. Geneva - Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization -ISO- (2007)
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
43
References (i)26. Iowa State University and National Science Foundation, CHRONOS, http://chronos.org/index.html28. James Pustejovsky, Time and Event Recognition for Question Answering Systems - TERQAS, http://www.timeml.org/site/terqas/index.html32. Jim Castagneri, Temporal GIS explores new dimensions in time, http://www.gisworld.com/gw/1998/0998/998tmp.asp33. Jones CB, Abdelmoty AI, Finch D, Fu G, Vaid S: The SPIRIT spatial search engine: Architecture, ontologies and spatial indexing. In: Geographic Information Science. Edited by Egenhofer MJ, Freksa C, Miller HJ, vol. 3234. Berlin - Germany: Springer-Verlag: 125-139 (2004)38. Langran G, Chrisman N: A framework for temporal geographic information. Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization , 25(3): 1-14. (1988)39. Langran G: A review of temporal database research and its use in GIS applications. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 3(3): 215-232. (1989)41. Langran G: Temporal GIS design tradeoffs. URISA Journal , 2(2): 16-25. (1990)43. Langran G: Time in geographic information systems, 1st edn. London - UK: Taylor & Francis (1992)45. Manning C, Schütze H: Foundations of statistical natural language processing, 6th edn. Cambridge - Massachusets: MIT Press (2003)49. Mennis JL, Peuquet DJ, Qian L: A conceptual framework for incorporating cognitive principles into geographical database representation. International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 14(6): 501-520. (2000)59. Peuquet DJ: A conceptual framework and comparison of spatial data models. Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization , 21(4): 66-113. (1984)60. Peuquet DJ: It's About Time: A Conceptual Framework for the Representation of Temporal Dynamics in Geographic Information Systems. Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 84(3): 441-461. (1994)61. Peuquet DJ: Making space for time: Issues in space-time data representation. GeoInformatica , 5(1): 11-32. (2001)62. Peuquet DJ: Representations of geographic space: toward a conceptual synthesis. Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 78(3): 375-394. (1988)63. Peuquet DJ: Representations of space and time. London - UK: The Guilford Press (2002)72. Spatio Temporal MITRE: SpatialML: Annotation Scheme for Marking Spatial Expressions in Natural Language 3.0. Technical Report. : ©The MITRE Corporation (2009)79. Turing AM: Computing machinery and intelligence. MIND , 59(236): 443-460. (1950)83. Wachowicz M, Healey RG: Towards temporality in GIS. In: Innovations in GIS: selected papers from the first National Conference on GIS Research UK. Edited by Worboys M, vol. 1, 1st edn. London - UK: CRC Press: 105-115 (1994)
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
4511th International Conference on Computational Science and Applications
(ICCSA 2011) Santander, Spain, June 2011of
Integration of Temporal and Semantic components into the GI
© Willington [email protected] Research Group
44
References (i)84. Worboys M, Duckham M: Monitoring qualitative spatiotemporal change for geosensor networks. International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 20(10): 1087-1108. (2006)85. Worboys M: A generic model for spatio-bitemporal geographic information. In: Spatial and temporal reasoning in geographic information systems. Edited by Egenhofer MJ, Colledge RG, vol. 54, 1st edn. New York - USA: Oxford University Press: 25-39 (1998)90. World WideWeb Consortium, OWL 2 Web Ontology Language - Recommendation 27 October 2009, http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-overview-20091027/91. World WideWeb Consortium, Resource Description Framework (RDF), http://www.w3.org/RDF/92. World WideWeb Consortium, SPARQL Query Language for RDF, http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdf-sparql-query-20080115/93. Yuan M, Hornsby KS: Computation and visualization for understanding dynamics in geographic domains: a research agenda, 1st edn. Boca Raton - USA: CRC Press (2007)94. Yuan M, Mark DM, Egenhofer MJ, Peuquet DJ: Extensions to Geographic Representation. In: A Research Agenda for Geographic Information Science. Edited by McMaster RB, Usery EL. Boca Raton - USA: CRC Press: 129-156 (2004)96. Yuan M: Modeling semantical, temporal and spatial information in geographic information systems. In: Geographic Information Research: Bridging the Atlantic. Edited by Craglia M, Couclelis H, vol. 1, 1st edn. London - UK: Taylor & Francis: 334-347 (1997)98. Yuan M: Temporal GIS and spatio-temporal modeling. In: 3rd International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling, pp. 21-26. University of California, Santa Barbara - USA (1996)99. Yuan M: Use of a Three-Domain Representation to Enhance GIS Support for Complex Spatiotemporal Queries. Transactions in GIS , 3(2): 137-159. (1999)100. Yuan M: Use of knowledge acquisition to build wildfire representation in Geographical Information Systems. International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 11(8): 723-746. (1997)101. Yuan M: Wildfire conceptual modeling for building GIS space-time models. In: GIS/LIS 94, pp. 860-889. American Society for Photogrammetryand Remote Sensing, Falls Church - USA (1994)ref_end
PresentationOur visionHow to do this?The ProblemThe ProposalGI and TimeGI and SemanticsHave done!!ConclusionReferences
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Mercator Research Group