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Interdisciplinary research and education in a virtual cultural landscape laboratory
1
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf BillRostock University
Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesProfessorship of Geodesy and Geoinformatics
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Content
e-Science
Virtual Cultural Landscape Laboratory (VKLandLab) – the architecture
From old maps to recent geoinformation – a spatial data infrastructure forcultural landscape research and education
Applications in Research and Education
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e-Science
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Science of the Future
Modern knowledge and information society with its various possibilities of efficient communication and easy access to very large amounts of information and powerful computing technology is a new challenge to science. The chances to achieve better scientific results, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with the new methods have increased considerably in parallel, but also the difficulty to control such distributed, dynamic system components.
This requires a systems development and the organizational structures of a network and middleware infrastructure, with which computational resources, information resources, application programs can be offered, requested and allocated for community-specific applications
e-Science = Collaborative research based on a digital infrastructure Net based science „digitally enhanced science“ Cyber infrastructure
Source: BMBF-Wissenschaftsmanagement 1/2005VKLandLab_DLA_Dessau 4
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e-Science supports the complete scientific lifecycle
VKLandLab_20105
Background research
Publication
Data analysis
Data collection
Controlledexperiment
Experimental design
Idea generationResearch hyothesis
Simulation
Proposal
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Wissenschaftsrat(German Council of Science)
Major research initiative „Digital Information“ of the Allianz-partner organisations (11.06.2008)
1. National licensing2. Open Access3. National hosting strategy4. Research primary data bases5. Virtual research environments6. Legal conditions
Source: www.wissenschaftsrat.de/texte/Allianz-digitale%20Info.pdf
DFG research funding
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Virtual researchenvironments (VRE)
Virtual research environments provide all the necessary tools, data, information and services available so that the researcher is detached from resources and access problems (memory, CPU time, log-in etc.). In this virtual network the scientist can pursue his research.
The scientist of the future uses, independend of location and time, a virtual environment and finds programs, research data and secondary sources (such as publications, databases and services), which he needs for his current work.
He engages with his colleagues all over the world, immediately shares new information, analyzes it, adds its new findings and places them on the fly to his colleagues for discussion and further use.
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Based on: Neuroth; Aschenbrenner; Lohmeier; „e-Humanities –eine virtuelle Forschungsumgebung für die Geistes-, Kultur-und Sozialwissenschaften“; BIBLIOTHEK Forschung und Praxis. Band 31, Heft 3, Seiten 272–279, DOI: 10.1515/BFUP.2007.272, /December/2007
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e-Science Framework
Internet
Infrastructure/Content: Networks, Server, Programs, Sensors, Data bases …
Middleware/Basic services:Collaborative work environments(groupware, conferencing tools)
Resource brokerage (directories, scheduling, mapping, accounting)
Mobility and ubiquity services (roaming), Quality services …
e-Science:
ModelExperimentApplication
ModelExperimentSimulationApplication
ModelExperimentApplication
Advanced Services (disciplinary/interdisciplinary):Resources sharing
Cooperation servicesCommunication services
Data sharing
Resources sharingCooperation services
Communication servicesData sharing
Resources sharingCooperation services
Communication servicesData sharing
Science communities:Medicine, physics, geo ..
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Virtual Cultural Landscape Laboratory (VKLandLab) – the architecture
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VKLandLab – Project goals
Technology Establishing a VRE for interdisciplinary cultural landscape research. Integration of different well known components of data driven infrastructures
such as InternetGIS, data bases, primary data repositories, authentificationstructures.
Enhancements with respect to collaborative elements such as wikis, blogs, project management, content management, data tagging etc.
Investigation area in space and time Focussing on the area Mecklenburg in the last 230 years. Offering georeferenced old maps from 1786, younger aerial and satellite
imagery of the last 30 years and recent geoinformation
Science community Allowing spatio-temporal research questions on various levels of scale in space
(regional 1:200.000 to local 1:25.000) and time (250 years in 3 time slices, thelast 30 years again in 3 time slices and recent data)
Supporting interdisciplinary collaboration of scientists in Rostock and elsewherefocussing on research work and not on technology
Contribution to e-Science.VKLandLab_DLA_Dessau 10
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VKLandLab-Reference architecture(OGC-like)
Content Management SystemTYPO3 (Uni Rostock)
Portal Services
WebGIS kvwmap
Portrayal ServicesData Capture Services
Service-based ResourcesOGC W*S, OAI-PHM, …
CatalogueGeoNetwork Opensource
Internet
Catalogue Services
Uni Rostock (GG)•(Hist.) maps•Aerial imagery•Branch data•…
UB Rostock• Hist. documents• Naming
catalogue
LUNG, LAIV•Environmental data•National geodata…
Data Service
Scientists Publics
Portal VKLandLab
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Portal
Content Management System TYPO3
Corporate Identity = LayoutRostock University
Collaboration environment Sharepoint, Wiki
https://www.uni-rostock.de/index.php?id=vklandlabVKLandLab_DLA_Dessau 12
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Internet GIS kvwmap
OpenSource WebGIS-framework kvwmap to capture, store, analyse andpresent spatial information
Data and portrayal services On top of UMN-MapServer PostgreSQL data base
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Catalogue/Meta data
Catalogue service: Search and find spatial data based query parameters such as data topic, -origin and -matter.
Centralized meta information system according to ISO 19115/19139 GeoNetwork OpenSource
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VKLandLab-Reference architecture(OGC-like)
Content Management SystemTYPO3 (Uni Rostock)
Portal Services
WebGIS kvwmap
Portrayal ServicesData Capture Services
Service-based ResourcesOGC W*S, OAI-PHM, …
CatalogueGeoNetwork Opensource
Internet
Catalogue Services
Uni Rostock (GG)•(Hist.) maps•Aerial imagery•Branch data•…
UB Rostock• Hist. documents• Naming
catalogue
LUNG, LAIV•Environmental data•National geodata…
Data Service
Scientists Publics
Portal VKLandLab
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University LibraryDigital Documents
RosDok: Document server of UB Rostock for published texts, electronic publications, digitized older literature
Relevant documents: Year books of Mecklenburg Historical journal with contributions to many mecklenburgian
places and regions from all epochs Annuals 1835-1940 fully digitised, full text retrieval (XML) Articles/papers made available by federal library MV Meta data (bibliographic annotations) to individual articles:
Author, Titel, ..., Naming thesaurus Statistics:
3600 articles, 2000 namings (ca. 50% of the articles do havea spatial relation), ca. 550 different places named
Federal bibliography MV: Archive of relevant literature of this region, new publications, evaluation of periodicals, daily journals etc.
VKLandlab-Project partners Historical Atlas MV Data/Statistics out of mecklenburgian census 1819, 1867 WossiDiA (DFG-Project for the digitalisation and exploitation of the notes collection
from Richard Wossidlo) Immatriculation portal of Rostock University …
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Name related search
Example: Year books in the catalogue of the federal library
001@ ƒ092ƒaU003@ ƒ0355575272009P/03 ƒS1ƒ0htmlƒahttp://portal.hsb.hs-wismar.de/pub/lbmv/mjb/jb007/355575272.html010@ ƒager011@ ƒa1842021A ƒaKelch von Kavelstorf027D/00 ƒaJahrbücher des Vereins für Mecklenburgische Geschichte und Altertumskundeƒp[Rostock :] Digitale Bibliothek MV031A ƒd7ƒj1842ƒh80144Z/00 ƒ9231454104ƒ8|g| Kavelstorf
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Existing geographic namingdata bases
1. (classical historical geographic name listings: site biographies/-histories)2. (older printed geographic name listings for Mecklenburg: since mid of 19. century in
dense sequence )3. Recent time slot (explicit or implicit)
1. Geographical Names Germany (GN-DE => BKG)2. Listing of the villages in Mecklenburg-Pomerania (VzO-M-V => LaiV) 3. GEOnet Names Server (GNS)4. The Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names5. Geonames6. OpenGeoDB
4. Historical time slot or combined („time-space-slice“): based on older geographicname listings
1. Genealogic background: MFP Ortsdatenbank, eMecklenburg, Mecklenburg Gazetteer & 1819 Census Guide
2. Prof. Papay: spatial visualisation (GIS) of the census 1819 and 1867, foundedon a list of all communes and villages in Mecklenburg-Schwerin (selectedfederal calenders, Güterverzeichnis, VZ ca. 1800-1867)
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Genealogical villagelisting
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Spatial query and visualisationof documents
Enriching the thesaurus with coordinates via GeoNames GeoNames.org = community-based portal for village names and spatial
coordinates (worldwide) Visualisation with GoogleMaps => kvwmap
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From old maps to recent geoinformation –a spatial data infrastructure for cultural landscape research and education
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Full coverage historical mapsin MV since 1692
Königlich Preußische Landes-Aufnahme 1:25 000 (1877-1889) Messtischblattaufnahme
Preußische Urmesstischblätter 1:25 000 (1827-1837)
Schmettau‘sche Karte ca. 1:50 000 (1788)
Wiebeking‘sche Karte 1:24 000 (Original) bzw. 1:25 000 (1786)
Flurkarten der Direktorialvermessung 1:3840 (1765-1780)
Mecklenburg
West Pomerania
West Pomerania
Mecklenburg
Mecklenburg
West Pomerania
Mecklenburg
Map framework Mapped area analogue digital
Matrikelkarten der schwedischen Landesaufnahme ca. 1:8 000 (1692-1698)
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Area of interest –the old Mecklenburg
Mecklenburg-Strelitz Area 2.929,5 km² Government: Monarchy, Republic Head of state 1701–1815: reigning
Duke, 1815–1918: Grand duke, 1918–1933: federal minister
Mecklenburg-Schwerin Area 13.127 km² Government: Monarchy, Republic Head of state 1621–1815: reigning
Duke, 1815–1918: Grand duke, 1919–1933: federal minister
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Total coverage with topographic data: 1788: Schmettau ca.14.700 km² 1888: ca. 14.800 km² 2011: full coverage
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Wiebeking
Carl Friedrich von Wiebeking (1786-1788): 1:24.000 48 map sheets
Source: L. Kreßner (2009)VKLandLab_DLA_Dessau 24
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Schmettau
Friedrich Wilhelm Karl von Schmettau (1788): 1: 50.000 16 map sheets
Source: L. Kreßner (2009)VKLandLab_DLA_Dessau 25
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Wiebeking
Scanning
Restauration
Mosaiking
Georeferen-cing
Source: L. Kreßner (2009)VKLandLab_DLA_Dessau 26
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Digital map restaurationand mosaiking
Part
Processing steps „Tiling“ „Mosaiking“ „Smoothing“(Cutting) (Mounting) (Edge matching)Source: L. Kreßner (2009)
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„Back propagating“ georeferencing
TK 25 1:250001. Time slot (ca. 2000)
Plane survey sheet1:25000
2. Time slot (ca. 1880)
Wiebeking 1:24000Schmettau 1:50000
3. Time slot(1786/1788)
1. Step of georeferencing (via corner point coordinates)
2. Step of georeferencing (via pass points)
Source: L. Kreßner (2009)VKLandLab_DLA_Dessau 28
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Georeferencing – pass points
1
2
3
4
Source: L. Kreßner (2009)
Pass points (in average all 500 m)1 – Kettle holes2 – significant pounts at parish borders3 – Street and way points4 – Single buildings
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Georeferencing –transformations
Similarity transformation (4 parameters)
Affine transformation (6 parameters)
Polynomial transformation
Meshwise affine transformation(Linear rubbersheeting)
x, yT
X, Y
X, Yx, yT
x, y X, YT
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Deformation grid
Wiebeking map 8 Schönberg Schmettau Sektion VIII
Source: L. Kreßner (2009)VKLandLab_DLA_Dessau 31
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Achieved accuracies
Wiebeking: 15054 pass points Affine transformation +- 25,3m Polynomial transformation +- 21,5m
Schmettau: 12480 pass points Affine transformation +- 28,5m Polynomial transformation +- 24,6m
Source: L. Kreßner (2009)VKLandLab_DLA_Dessau 32
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Wiebeking
Source: L. Kreßner (2009)
Affine transformation6 parameter
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Schmettau
Source: L. Kreßner (2009)
Affine transformation 6 parameter
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Wiebeking –Full documentation
Source: L. Kreßner (2009)VKLandLab_DLA_Dessau 35
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Schmettau –Full documentation
Source: L. Kreßner (2009)VKLandLab_DLA_Dessau 36
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Spatial data infrastructure
Carl Friedrich von Wiebeking (1786-1788):
1:24.000 48 sheets ~2 GB
Friedrich Wilhelm Karl von Schmettau(1788):
1: 50.000 16 sheets ~2 GB
Plane survey sheet (1877-1889)
1:25.000 ~168 sheets ~ 18GB
ATKIS DTK 10 (2000) u.a.
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Geodata sources
Digitally availablegeoinformation
2011
1999
1989
1973
1890
1788
1786
Landsat 1999
Landsat 1989
Landsat 1973
Map portals LaiV/LUNG Geobasic- & Environmental data: • ATKIS DTK, DOP, DGM• ATKIS DLM moorland, greenland, fallowland, acre land, water, forest, …• Geology, soil overview, ground water, geotopes• administrative borders
Uni Rostock Branch data:• kettle holes, forest, water, vegetation, agriculture, wet areas/swamps, settlementareas, parks a. garden, alleys a. streets,…• Hist. administrative borders
ATKIS DTKCORINE 2006CORINE 2000CORINE 1990
Plane survey sheet
SchmettauWiebeking
Old maps Geoinformation Imagery OGC Web Services
Time scale
His
toric
rece
nt
CLC 2000
CLC 1990
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Geodata situation March 2011
Data amount/map layer (March 2011) 5 epochs (1788/1819/1879/1888/2007) 21 LUNG - Environment 3 LAIV – Geobasis data 12 GG – Historic data 15 Themes, 55000 Features
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Applications in research and education
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Landscape planning
Nature protection
Biodiversity/species research
Historical sciences
Settlement and infrastructuredevelopment
Environmental monitoring
Landscape research
Historical ownership documentation
Application fields in culturallandscape research
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Students examples(master course 2009)
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Coastal line development in the region Ribnitz
Settlement development in the region Ribnitz
Land use (Settlements/Agriculture/Greenland) development
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Students tiling/topic scheme(master course 2010)
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Time slot 1788
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Research topics and partners
3 faculties at Rostock University Philosophical science (PHF) Natural Sciences (MNF) Environmental Science (AUF)
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Cultural landscape
topics
Kettle holes(GG)
Forest(LÖ)
Historical cultural
landscapeelements
(LL)
Water(HY/KT)
Settlement types(GG)
Land use,Settlement,
Federal calender
(MM)
Cultural transfer
+Wossidlo(UB)
Kettle holes(AB)
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Historical sciences (MM)
Digital Historical Atlas Mecklenburg – Land use and settlement structure in 18. and 19. century
Census in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1819 and 1867 Source: Original folders of the first large census in Mecklenburg-
Schwerin from the year 1819 and 1867. Goal: Linking the census from 1819 within the Grand duchy Schwerin
to the maps of Schmettau (selected regions) Goal: Linking the census from 1867 within the Grand duchy Schwerin
to the maps of the Prussian plane survey sheet
Establishing data bases for:
- Census 1819- Census 1867- Federal calender 1797 and 1828- Güteraufstellung (goods list) 1797
Linking with geodata of:
- Wiebeking-Map 1786- Schmettau-Map 1788- Plane survey sheet 1888
Evaluation related to:
- Land use- Settlement structure- Administrative borders
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Mecklenburgian federalcalendar 1776 – 1930 (MM)
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Kettle holes/Soll (GG)
A soll is a special type of kettle hole, that was created by melting out a icecube of an enclosed sediments.
widespread in Upper Pleistocene => Glacigene Soll
Kettle hole types Glacigene Soll => True Soll Pseudo soll Depression (poss. wet, moor) anthropogen agricultural kettle hole (e.g. Marl pit)
Kettle hole types <1 ha (with water / without water)
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Soll
40.000 in Mecklenburg (GEINITZ 1913)
90.000 in Mecklenburg (KLAFS 1967)
100.000 in northern Germany (JESCHKE 1987)
In plane survey sheets: 15.000 kettle holes in M-V 8.000 swampy depressions 15.000 marl pits (LIPPERT
2001)
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Nearly 50% of the area
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Extensive preliminary work
Source: Köhler, H.-J. (1996)VKLandLab_DLA_Dessau 58
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Data modelKettle hole types
Spatial-/temporal relation Geometry (Area, Area with islands)
Derived measures: Area size, perimeter, centroid, shape factors, largestlength and width
Measured: depth Form parameters: round, elliptic, square, arbitrarely
Attributes Name Water regime: without, permanently wet, partially with water, permanently with
water Site characteristics: Soil, substrat, surrounding usage (acres, greenland, forest,
settlement) Environment: socialization/agglomeration (Single form, double form, group form
(not in row, in row)), neigborhood, function Siltation: not silted up, silted weak, strongly silted Vegetation: Aquatic plants, sedimentation plants, trees and shrubs at the edges,
woods in the middle, without vegetation Slope: steep sides, one side steep, flat sides
Relief Relief form, height, slope, slope length, position on a slope, curvature,
encatchment area size
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Automated capturing from plane survey sheets – Color recognition
For plane survey sheets 69 tiles evaluated (from 151)
30.600 water filled kettle holes
60.000 water filled kettle holes estimated for Mecklenburg
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Results tile 17_44
Tile 17_44(Satow in the north, Bützow in thesouth, Schwaan in the east)
Ground moraine area
Today 352 1888 519 1788 171
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today 1888 1788 only
today 352 135 13 => 169
1888 519 33 => 316
1788 171 => 90
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Conclusion
Cultural landscape research and education will change in e-Science
VKLandLab should establish modern cultural landscape research with historical maps and
recent geoinformation support embedding of many other data sources and document types offer an up-to-date collaboration platform for interdisciplinary research allow students to use most current technologies in education and
research
Demo access: user: vkll_demo password: vkll_demohttps://www.uni-rostock.de/index.php?id=vklandlab
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Thanks to:
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf BillRostock University18051 [email protected]/
Partners and students in this project