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Interpretation and Definition of Classical Mythology
Week 1
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What is myth?
mythos
(word, speech, story)
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Simple Definition of Myth
A traditional story
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How are myths transmitted?
• Oral• Literature• Painting• Sculpture• Music• Dance• Drama• Cinema
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Types of myth• Divine myth, true myth
• Saga or legend
• Folktale
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Reasons for Myths
Often “etiological”– Causes, origins, explanatory
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Saga or legend• Humans, usually aristocracy
• Rooted in fact
• “History”
• Saga = “spoken”
• Legend = “to be read”
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Folktale• Ordinary humans and animals
• Universal experiences
• Fantastic adventures
• Fable = animals
• Fairytale = traditional, magical, moral
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Myth and Religion• “Closely entwined”
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Greek Sources• Homer (epic): Iliad, Odyssey• Homeric Hymns• Hesiod: Theogony• Lyric: Pindar• Tragedy: Aeschylus, Sophocles,
Euripides• Comedy: Aristophanes
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Roman Sources• Vergil (epic): Aeneid
• Ovid: Metamorphoses
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Other Sources• Vase paintings
• Wall paintings
• Sculpture
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Vase Paintings
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Wall Paintings
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Sculpture
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Historical Background of Classical Mythology
Chapter 2
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Heinrich Schliemann
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Sir Arthur Evans
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Bronze Age
• 3000 – 1100 B.C.– Early: 3000 – 2000– Middle: 2000 – 1600– Late: 1600 – 1100
Crete = Minoan
Islands = Cycladic
Mainland: Helladic
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Minoan Civilization
• Crete
• Cnossus (Knossos)
• thalassocracy
• Minos
• Sir Arthur Evans
• minotaur
• labyrinth
• Theseus
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Minoan pinnacle: 1600 -1400 B.C.
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Minoan pinnacle: 1600 -1400 B.C.
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Minoan pinnacle: 1600-1400 B.C.
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Minoan pinnacle: 1600 -1400 B.C.
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Mycenaean Age
• Mycenaeans dominate Minoans.
• Fortified palaces on mainland.
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Mycenaean pinnacle: 1600–1100 B.C.
• Mycenae
• Tiryns
• Pylos
• Heinrich Schliemann
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Mycenaean Age
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Mycenaean Age
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Trojan War
• Asia Minor
• Hellespont
• Heinrich Schliemann
• Hissarlik
• Fall of Troy: 1184 B.C.
• Troy VI: 1250 B.C.
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Trojan War
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Trojan War
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Iron Age: 1100-ca. 800 B.C.
“Dorian” Invasion
• Dark Age
• Homer, ca. 750 B.C.
• Greek alphabet
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Age of Colonization: 800 – 600 B.C.
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City States
• Athens and Sparta
• Parthenon: 438 B.C.
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Athens
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Athens
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Hellenistic Age: 323-30 B.C.
• 323 B.C.: Alexander’s death
• 30 B.C.: Final defeat of Cleopatra and end of the Ptolemaic dynasty
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Rome
• 753 B.C.: Romulus and Remus
• 27 B.C. – 14 A.D.: Age of Augustus
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Rome
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Rome
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Rome