Download - INTERPRETING THE MYERS-BRIGGS Ronnie White Extension Professor Mississippi State University
INTERPRETING THE INTERPRETING THE MYERS-BRIGGSMYERS-BRIGGS
Ronnie White
Extension Professor
Mississippi State University
THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR (MBTI)INDICATOR (MBTI)
The MBTI was developed by Katherine C. Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers
It is based on C.G.Jung’s “Psychological Types”
Each type and individual has special gifts. There is no right or wrong type,no better or worse combinations of types in work or relationships
Each person is uniqueEveryone uses each of the preferences
to some degree
THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR (MBTI)INDICATOR (MBTI)
The purpose of knowing about type is to help you understand yourself and to enhance your relationship through appreciation of individual differences
THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR (MBTI)INDICATOR (MBTI)
On the average, approximately 75% of all who take the MBTI agree with the assessment.
Your results on the MBTI suggest your probable type based on how you answered the questions; Only you know your true preferences
THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR (MBTI)INDICATOR (MBTI)
THE FOUR PREFERENCE THE FOUR PREFERENCE SCALESSCALES
The MBTI reports preferences on 4 scales, each consisting of two opposite poles
One does use both sides of each preference, though not with equal liking
Preference scores show only the strength of the preference of one element over the other
Everyone has a natural preference for one of the two opposites on each of the scales
A useful analogy is with your hands
THE FOUR PREFERENCE THE FOUR PREFERENCE SCALESSCALES
THE FOUR PREFERENCES THE FOUR PREFERENCES AREARE
Extraversion or Introversion: Where you prefer to focus your attention
Sensing or Intuition: The way you prefer to take in information (N is used instead of the I)
Thinking or Feeling: The way you prefer to make decisions
Judgment or Perception: How you orient yourself to the external world
THE FOUR PREFERENCES THE FOUR PREFERENCES AREARE
Extraversion: Direct their energy and attention outward and receive energy from external events and experiences
An extravert’s essential stimulation is from the outer world of people and things
CHARACTERISTICS OF ECHARACTERISTICS OF E
Introversion: Direct their energy and attention inward and receive energy from their internal thoughts, feelings, and reflections
An introvert’s essential stimulation is from within the inner world
CHARACTERISTICS OF ICHARACTERISTICS OF I
CHARACTERISTICS OF ECHARACTERISTICS OF E
Prefer to communicate by talkingLearn best by doingSociable and expressiveTake initiative in work and relationships
CHARACTERISTICS OF ICHARACTERISTICS OF I
Prefer to communicate by writingLearn best by reflectionPrivate and contained
CHARACTERISTICS OF E CHARACTERISTICS OF E OR IOR I
Extraverts act, Then (MAYBE) ReflectIntroverts reflect, Then (MAYBE) act
KEY WORDS FOR E OR IKEY WORDS FOR E OR I
Extraverts: Active, Outward,sociable, and expressive
Introverts: Reflective, Inward, Reserved, and quiet
PREFERENCE SCORESPREFERENCE SCORES
E-I: slight 11-13, moderate 14-16,clear 17-19, very clear 20-21
S-N:slight 13-15, moderate 16-20,clear 21-24, very clear 25-26
T-F:slight 12-14,moderate 15-18,clear 19-22, very clear 23-24
J-P:slight 11-13,moderate14-16,clear 17-20, very clear 21-22
Low scores often times indicate that a person may have answered in a socially expected manner, or they are not sure which preference is the most comfortable.
Did not answer all of the items
PREFERENCE SCORESPREFERENCE SCORES
Low scores do not indicate that you have good command of both preferences
A person should assess which preference they would adequately use the most
Do not measure skills, ability or even degree of use
PREFERENCE SCORESPREFERENCE SCORES
CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHARACTERISTICS OF S
Sensing: Observant of what is going on around them and are especially good at recognizing the practical realities of a situation
Takes in information by way of the five senses – sight, sound, feel, taste, and smell
CHARACTERISTICS OF NCHARACTERISTICS OF N
Intuition: Grasp patterns and are especially good at seeing new possibilities and different ways of doing things
Information is processed by way of a “sixth sense” or “hunch”
CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHARACTERISTICS OF S
Focus on what is real/actualValue practical applicationsNotice detailsPresent-orientedWant information step-by-stepTrust experience
CHARACTERISTICS OF NCHARACTERISTICS OF N
Focus on possibilitiesSee patterns and meaning in factsFuture-orientedJump around, leap in anywhereTrust inspiration
Sensing: Likes set procedures, established routines
Intuition: Likes change and variety
CHARACTERISTICS OF S CHARACTERISTICS OF S OR NOR N
KEY WORDS FOR S OR NKEY WORDS FOR S OR N
Sensing: Details, practical, facts, directions, repetition, enjoyment, and conserve
Intuition: Patterns, future, imaginative, innovations, hunches, variety, and change
CHARACTERISTICS OF TCHARACTERISTICS OF T
Thinking: Make decisions on the basis of logic and objective considerations
Thinking: A strength is application of their problem-solving abilities
CHARACTERISTICS OF TCHARACTERISTICS OF T
Decides with the headAnalyticalLogical problem-solvers“Tough-minded”ReasonableFair
Consider what is important to them and to other people
Identify with the people involved
CHARACTERISTICS OF FCHARACTERISTICS OF F
CHARACTERISTICS OF FCHARACTERISTICS OF F
Decides with the heartSympatheticGuided by personal values“Tender-hearted”CompassionateAccepting
KEY WORDS FOR T OR FKEY WORDS FOR T OR F
Thinking: Head, objective, justice, cool, impersonal, criticize, analyze, and precise
Feeling: Heart, subjective, harmony, caring, personal, appreciate, and values
CHARACTERISTICS OF JCHARACTERISTICS OF J
Judgment: A judging lifestyle is decisive, planned, and orderly
CHARACTERISTICS OF PCHARACTERISTICS OF P
Perception: A perceptive lifestyle is flexible, adaptable, and spontaneous
CHARACTERISTICS OF JCHARACTERISTICS OF J
ScheduledOrganizedSystematicPlanAvoid last-minute stresses
CHARACTERISTICS OF PCHARACTERISTICS OF P
SpontaneousCasualFlexibleAdaptFeel energized by last-minute pressures
KEY WORDS FOR J OR PKEY WORDS FOR J OR P
Judgment: Organized, structure, control, decisive, closure, plan, productive;
Perception: Flexible, flow, curious, spontaneous, openness, receptive.
WHEN COMBINED, YOUR 4 WHEN COMBINED, YOUR 4 PREFERENCES AREPREFERENCES ARE
Extraversion or IntroversionSensing or IntuitionThinking or FeelingJudgment or Perception
POINTS TO REMEMBERPOINTS TO REMEMBER
Everyone uses each preference to some degree
Type does not explain everything
Type should not keep you from considering any career, etc.
SIXTEEN TYPESSIXTEEN TYPES
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJISTPISFP INFP INTPESTP ESFP ENFP ENTPESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Common Type BiasesCommon Type Biases
E’s may think I’s are withholding information I’s may think E’s are changing their minds S’s may think N’s are changing the subject N’s may think S’s are unimaginative T’s may think F’s are over-personalizing F’s may think T’s are harsh and cold
Mutual Usefulness of Mutual Usefulness of Opposite TypesOpposite Types
N types benefit from S types:Pertinent facts, reality,experience, read
the fine printS types benefit from N types:New possibilities, future trends, long-
term goals
Mutual Usefulness Cont’d.Mutual Usefulness Cont’d.
F types benefit from T types:Consequences, critical feedback, stand
firm, fair.T types benefit from F types:How others feel, praise, teach and
coach, harmony
Effects of T/F & J/PEffects of T/F & J/P
TJ: Logical decision makers, tough minded, analytical
TP: Adaptable thinkers, objective, skeptical, curious
FP: Gentle types, adaptable, seek harmony
FJ: Benevolent administrators, care about people and their needs, harmony
Effects of S/N & T/F types:Effects of S/N & T/F types:
ST: Facts, experience, technical skillsSF: Facts, concerns of people, practicalNF: Possibilities, understanding,
personalNT: Possibilities, theory, technical
Effects of E/I & J/P Types:Effects of E/I & J/P Types:
IJ: Decisive introverts, perseveringIP: Adaptable introverts, firm on issuesEP:Adaptable extroverts, active,
energeticEJ: Decisive extraverts, fast-moving
YOUR ACTION PLANYOUR ACTION PLAN
Now you know more about yourself and others
What are you going to do with this knowledge?
USING THE MBTIUSING THE MBTI
In situations requiring cooperation and teamwork:
1. To select teams, task forces, and work groups with sufficient diversity to solve group problems.
USING THE MBTI:USING THE MBTI:
2. To help group members recognize, appreciate, and make use of the strengths of each type in the group;
3. To conduct meetings so as to take advantage of the contribution of each type.
USING THE MBTI:USING THE MBTI:
4. To help those who work together understand how previously irritating and obstructive differences can become a source of amusement, interest, and strength.
5. To learn the approaches that are most likely to earn agreement and cooperation from each type;
6. To create a climate where differences are seen as interesting and valuable, rather than problematic.
USING THE MBTI:USING THE MBTI:
USING THE MBTI:USING THE MBTI:
Career interests and choices: - Sensing + Thinking (ST): The “bottom
line”, results-oriented people; examples of career choice: applied science, business, administration, banking, law enforcement, and production.
USING THE MBTI:USING THE MBTI:
-Sensing + Feeling (SF): Drawn to opportunities for practical service to people; Examples of career choices: Health care, community service, teaching, supervising, religious service, office work, and sales.
- Intuition + Feeling (NF): See and want to facilitate possibilities for people;Examples of career choices:Psychology, research, literature, art and music, health care, religious service, and teaching.
USING THE MBTI:USING THE MBTI:
- Intuition + Thinking (NT): Drawn to opportunities for problem solving, analysis, and design; Examples of career choices: Physical science, research, management, computers, law, engineering, and technical work.
USING THE MBTI:USING THE MBTI:
Supervising others/preferred leadership styles:
-TJ: Logical decision makers who tend to be tough-minded, analytical, and instrumental leaders. They make decisions based on principles and systems.
USING THE MBTI:USING THE MBTI:
TP: Adaptable thinkers who tend to be objective, skeptical, and curious, especially about materials or possibilities.They create consistent and orderly frameworks for understanding and leading.
USING THE MBTI:USING THE MBTI:
FP: Gentle types who tend to be adaptable, seek harmony and affiliation, and are concerned with the human aspects of problems. They lead by encouragement and coaching.
USING THE MBTI:USING THE MBTI:
USING THE MBTI:USING THE MBTI:
FJ: Benevolent administrators who tend to be observant about people and their needs, bring harmony into relationships. They are expressive leaders who inspire and teach others.
EFFECTS OF EFFECTS OF PREFERENCES IN WORK PREFERENCES IN WORK
SITUATIONSSITUATIONSExtraversion: Like variety and action;
often impatient with long, slow jobs; often act quickly; like having people around; and learn new tasks by talking and doing.
Introversion: Like quiet for concentration; tend not to mind working on one project for a long time; develop ideas by reflection; like working alone with no interruptions; and learn new tasks by reading and reflecting.
EFFECTS OF EFFECTS OF PREFERENCES IN WORK PREFERENCES IN WORK
SITUATIONS:SITUATIONS:
Sensing: Like using experience and standard ways to solve problems; like to present the details of their work first; and usually proceed step-by-step.
EFFECTS OF EFFECTS OF PREFERENCES IN WORK PREFERENCES IN WORK
SITUATIONS:SITUATIONS:
Intuition: Like solving new complex problems; may ignore or overlook facts; like to present an overview of their work first; and usually proceed in bursts of energy.
EFFECTS OF EFFECTS OF PREFERENCES IN WORK PREFERENCES IN WORK
SITUATIONS:SITUATIONS:
Thinking: Use logical analysis to reach conclusions; may hurt people’s feelings without knowing it; tend to be firm-minded and can give criticism when appropriate; and feel rewarded when the job is done well.
EFFECTS OF EFFECTS OF PREFERENCES IN WORK PREFERENCES IN WORK
SITUATIONS:SITUATIONS:
Feeling: Use values to reach conclusions; enjoy pleasing people, even in unimportant things; look at the underlying values in the situation; and feel rewarded when people’s needs are met.
EFFECTS OF EFFECTS OF PREFERENCES IN WORK PREFERENCES IN WORK
SITUATIONS:SITUATIONS:
Judging: Work best when they can plan their work and follow their plan; like to get things settled and finished; reach closure by deciding quickly; and focus on completion of a project.
EFFECTS OF EFFECTS OF PREFERENCES IN WORK PREFERENCES IN WORK
SITUATIONS:SITUATIONS:
Perceiving: Enjoy flexibility in their work; like to leave things open for last-minute changes; may postpone unpleasant tasks that need to be done; and focus on the process of a project.
EFFECTS OF EFFECTS OF PREFERENCES IN WORK PREFERENCES IN WORK
SITUATIONS:SITUATIONS:
NATIONAL STATISTICSNATIONAL STATISTICS
E = 70% 30% = IS = 70% 30% = NT = 60% M, 40% F, 40% M, 60% F = FJ = 55% 45% = P
MISSISSIPPI STATISTICS: MISSISSIPPI STATISTICS: N = 11,000 N = 11,000
E = 54% 46% = IS = 74% 26% = NT = 54% M, 46% F 54% F, 46% M = FJ = 64% 36% = P
THE ENDTHE ENDRonnie White
Leader –Organizational Development & Associate
Professor
Mississippi State University