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Introduction to DentalAnatomy
Dental Anatomy
Dr. Firas Alsoleihat, BDS, PhDDepartment of Conservative
Dentistry
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Introduction
Human dentition is diphyodont 2 sets of dentitions
Primary/deciduous 20 teeth in total
Incisors/canines/molars
Smaller size
Secondary/permanent 32 teeth in total Incisors/canines/premolars/molars
Bigger size
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Deciduous & permanent dentitions
Why dowe haveto have 2sets of
teeth?
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Why 2 sets of dentitions?
The jaws have to
accommodate the increasednumber of permanent teethand their bigger size
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Dental formula
I for incisors
C for Canines
PM for premolars
M for molars
Deciduous teeth are indicatedby the letter D before the initial
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Human dental formula
Deciduous teethDI 2/2 DC 1/1 DM 2/2 = 10
Permanent teethI 2/2 C 1/1 PM 2/2 M 3/3 = 16
The numbers following the letter refer to the numberof teeth of each type in the upper then the lowerdentition for one side only
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Quadrants
Tooth-bearing region of the jaw can bedivided into 4 quadrants Right maxillary (1 or 5) Left maxillary (2 or 6) Left mandibular (3 or 7) Right mandibular (4 or 8)
Quadrants in permanent dentition have the numbers 1 -4 and in deciduous have the numbers 5 - 8
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Quadrants
1 or 5 2 or 6
4 or 8 3 or 7
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Teeth order
Each tooth in a quadrant takes a letter (A E for deciduous) or a number (1 8 for
permanent) indicating its order whencounting from the midline
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
E D C B A
E D C B A A B C D E
A B C D E
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Dental nomenclature By words
Set Deciduous or permanent
Jaw Maxillary or mandibular
Class Incisor/canine/premolar/molar
Order within a class Central or lateral First/second/third
Side Right or left
By numbers, letters and/or symbols Palmer notation system Universal numbering system FDI numbering system
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Palmer/Zsigmondy notation system
American Dental Association in 1947 Tooth is represented by a number 1 8 (permanent) or
a letter A E (deciduous)
Two lines; indicates which quadrant the tooth belongs to a horizontal representing the occlusal plane and a vertical representing the midline
Examples: Maxillary right central incisor
Mandibular left second deciduous molar
1
E
E D C B A
E D C B A A B C D E
A B C D E 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Universal numbering system
Palmer difficulty in keyboard typing
ADA adopted the universal system in 1968
Uppercase letters for deciduous teeth
Consecutive from A to T
Following a clockwise order from maxillary right second molar tomandibular right second molar
Numbers for permanent teeth
Consecutive from 1 to 32
Following a clockwise order from maxillary right third molar tomandibular right third molar
A B C D E
T S R Q P O N M L K
F G H I J 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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FDI numbering system
Proposed by FDI & adopted by WHO
Each tooth is allocated a two-digit number; the
left designates the quadrant and the rightdesignates the tooth order
Examples
Mandibular right permanent canine 43
Maxillary left deciduous lateral incisor 62
55 54 53 52 51
85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75
61 62 63 64 65 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
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Types of dentitions:
Diphyodont. Most mammals--humansincluded--typically develope and erupt into
their jaws two generations of teeth. Theterm literally means "two generations ofteeth."
Monophyodont. Some mammals--such asthe manatee, seals, and walruses haveonly a single generation of teeth.
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Polyphyodont. Most reptiles and fishesdevelope a lifetime of generations of
successional teeth--Such teeth have abrief functional life and are anatomicallysimple in design.
Homodont. In many vertebrates, all of theteeth in the jaw are alike. They differ fromeach other only in size. The alligator is an
example of homodontism.
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Heterodont. Most mammals, humansincluded, develope distinctive classes of
teeth that are regionally specialized. Wewill discuss classes of teeth in the nextunit.
Anodontia is the developmental absenceof teeth. Among mammals, the whalebonewhale and the anteater are toothless; theirancestors had teeth. In humans,anodontia is a pathological condition.Partial anodontia is one or a few teethmissing.