Download - Introduction to android testing - oscon 2012

Copyright (C) 2011-2012 Diego Torres Milano All rights reserved

introduction to android testing

a hands-on approachOSCON 2012

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diego torres milanoandroid system engineer

flextronics

http://dtmilano.blogspot.com

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“Never test the depth of the water with both feet.”

-- Anonymous

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agenda

android testing background

test driven development

code coverage

continuous integration

behavior driven development

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operating systems

Others

Android400M

iOS250M

May 2012

5


android testing background

6


?WhenWhat

howWhy

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types of testtests

unit functional

integration performance

8


types of test

unitby programmers for programmers

in a programming language

JUnit is the de-facto standard

test objects in isolation

in a repeatable way

usually rely on mock objects

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types of testtests

unit functional


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types of test

by business & QA people

in a business domain language

test completeness & correctness

BDD has gained some popularity

FitNesse can help

functional

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types of testtests

unit functional


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types of test

how components work together

modules have been unit tested

android components need integration with the system

testing framework facilitates integration

integration

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types of testtests

unit functional


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types of testmeasure performance in a repeatable way

if cannot be measure cannot be improved

premature optimization does more harm than good

measure-change-measure

performance

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types of testtests

unit functional


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class diagramAssert

TestCase<<iface>>Test

AndroidTestCaseInstrumentationTestCase

ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2

ActivityUnitTestCase

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InstrumentationTestCaseinstrumentation instantiated before application

allows for monitoring interaction

send keys and input events

manual lifecycle

direct or indirect base class of other tests

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class diagramAssert





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isolated testing of single Activity

minimal connection to the system

uses mocks for dependencies

some Activity methods should not be called


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class diagramAssert





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functionaltesting of a single Activity

has access to Instrumentation

creates the AUT using system infrastructure

custom intent can be provided


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class diagramAssert





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access to Context

access to Resources

base class for Application, Provider and Service test cases

Context stored in mContext field

can start more than one Activity

AndroidTestCase

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class diagramAssert





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strategy of writing tests along development

test cases written prior to the code

single test added, then the code to satisfy it

advantages:

•the tests are written one way or another

•developers take more responsibility for the quality of their work

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activity diagramwrite test

run

code

refactor

[passes]

[fails]

design decisions are taken in single steps and finally the code satisfying the tests is improved by refactoring it

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temperature converter

100

32

Title

fahrenheit

celsius

keyboard

autoupdate

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requirements

converts between temperature units

one temperature is entered and the other is updated

error is displayed in the field

right aligned, 2 decimal digits

entry fields start empty

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understanding requirements

to write a test you must understand the requirement

destination is quickly identified

if requirement change, changing the corresponding test helps verify it

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github

$mkdir myworkdir

$ cd myworkdir

$ git clone git://github.com/dtmilano/I2AT-OSCON-2012.git

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creating the main project

TemperatureConverter uses conventional settings

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select build target

TemperatureConverter uses Android 4.0.3

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creating the test project

Automatically selected values for TemperatureConverterTest

project

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running the tests

[13:21:28 - TemperatureConverterTest] Launching instrumentation android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner on device XXX[13:21:28 - TemperatureConverterlTest-local] Failed to launch test

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creating the test case

Use: ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2

as the base classTemperatureConverterActivity as

the class under test

warning due to the parameterized base class

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creating test stubs

Select: onCreate(Bundle) to create a method stub

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fix constructor/** * Constructor * @param name */public TemperatureConverterActivityTests(String name) { super(TemperatureConverterActivity.class); setName(name);}

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running the tests

junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: Not yet implemented at com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.test. TemperatureConverterActivityTests. testOnCreateBundle( TemperatureConverterActivityTests.java:50)

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fixtureprotected void setUp(String name) throws Exception { super.setUp();

mActivity = getActivity(); assertNotNull(mActivity);

mCelsius = (EditText)mActivity.findViewById( com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.R.id.celsius); assertNotNull(mCelsius); mFahrenheit = (EditText)mActivity.findViewById(com...); assertNotNull(mFahrenheit);}

references the main package

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layoutsatisfy the test needs

assign celsius and fahrenheit ids

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fix the test! /**! * Test method for {@link TemperatureConverterActivity #onCreate(android.os.Bundle)}.! */

! public void testOnCreateBundle() {! ! assertNotNull(mActivity);! }

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ui tests: visibility

@SmallTestpublic void testFieldsOnScreen() { final View origin = mActivity.getWindow().getDecorView(); ViewAsserts.assertOnScreen(origin, mCelsius); ViewAsserts.assertOnScreen(origin, mFahrenheit);}

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annotations@SmallTest

@MediumTest

@LargeTest

@UiThreadTest

@Suppress

@FlakyTest

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ui tests: alignment

@SmallTestpublic void testAlignment() {! ! ViewAsserts.assertRightAligned(mCelsius, mFahrenheit);! ! ViewAsserts.assertLeftAligned(mCelsius, mFahrenheit);}

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ui tests: initialization

@SmallTestpublic void testFieldsShouldStartEmpty() {! ! assertTrue("".equals(mCelsius.getText() .toString()));! ! assertTrue("".equals(mFahrenheit.getText() .toString()));}

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ui tests: justification @SmallTestpublic void testJustification() {! ! final int expected = Gravity.RIGHT|Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL;! ! assertEquals(expected, mCelsius.getGravity());! ! assertEquals(expected, mFahrenheit.getGravity());}

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running the testsvideo plays on click >>>

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gravityadd right and center_vertical

gravity for celsius

and fahrenheit

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running the testsvideo plays on click >>>

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temperature conversion! @UiThreadTest! public void testFahrenheitToCelsiusConversion() {! ! mCelsius.clear();! ! mFahrenheit.clear();! ! final double f = 32.5;! ! mFahrenheit.requestFocus();! ! mFahrenheit.setNumber(f);! ! mCelsius.requestFocus();! ! final double expected = TemperatureConverter.fahrenheitToCelsius(f);! ! final double actual = mCelsius.getNumber();! ! final double delta = Math.abs(expected - actual);! ! assertTrue(delta < 0.005);! }

run on the main thread

specializedclass

converterhelper

errors are underlined in red

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EditNumber classEditNumber class extends EditText

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TemperatureConverter

TemperatureConverter is a helper class

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refactorpublic class TemperatureConverterActivityTests extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2< TemperatureConverterActivity> {

private TemperatureConverterActivity mActivity; private EditNumber mCelsius; private EditNumber mFahrenheit;

new class

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! @UiThreadTest! public void testFahrenheitToCelsiusConversion() {! ! mCelsius.clear();! ! mFahrenheit.clear();! ! final double f = 32.5;! ! mFahrenheit.requestFocus();! ! mFahrenheit.setNumber(f);! ! mCelsius.requestFocus();! ! final double expected = TemperatureConverter.fahrenheitToCelsius(f);! ! final double actual = mCelsius.getNumber();! ! final double delta = Math.abs(expected - actual);! ! assertTrue(delta < 0.005);! }

temperature conversion! @UiThreadTest! public void testFahrenheitToCelsiusConversion() {! ! mCelsius.clear();! ! mFahrenheit.clear();! ! final double f = 32.5;! ! mFahrenheit.requestFocus();! ! mFahrenheit.setNumber(f);! ! mCelsius.requestFocus();! ! final double expected = TemperatureConverter.fahrenheitToCelsius(f);! ! final double actual = mCelsius.getNumber();! ! final double delta = Math.abs(expected - actual);! ! assertTrue(delta < 0.005);! }

all compiler errors corrected

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OMG!

[TemperatureConverterTests-OSCON-2012] Test run failed: Instrumentation run failed due to 'Process crashed.'[TemperatureConverterTests-OSCON-2012] Test run finished

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exception in logcatjava.lang.ClassCastException: android.widget.EditText at com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.test. TemperatureConverterActivityTests.setUp (TemperatureConverterActivityTests.java: 52)

52:!! mCelsius = (EditNumber) mActivity.findViewById( com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.R.id.celsius);

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change widget typeSelect

com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.EditNumber

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layout

<com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.EditNumber android:layout_height="wrap_content"! ! android:layout_width="match_parent" android:inputType="numberDecimal"! ! android:id="@+id/celsius" android:gravity="right|center_vertical">! ! <requestFocus /></com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.EditNumber>

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running the tests

what?

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celsius to fahrenheit

-75

-37.5

0

37.5

75

112.5

150

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

Fahrenheit

Celsius

f = 9/5 * c + 32c = (f-32) * 5/9

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converter

public class TemperatureConverter {

! public static double fahrenheitToCelsius(double f) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub! ! return 0;! }

}

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TemperatureConverterTestsTest case as base classcreate method stubs

TemperatureConverter as CUT

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method stubsselect the methods you want

stubs created for

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conversion test

public final void testFahrenheitToCelsius() {! ! for (double c: sConversionTableDouble.keySet()) {! ! ! final double f = sConversionTableDouble.get(c);! ! ! final double ca = TemperatureConverter.fahrenheitToCelsius(f);! ! ! final double delta = Math.abs(ca - c);! ! ! assertTrue(delta < 0.005);! ! }! }

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conversion tableprivate static final HashMap<Double, Double> sConversionTableDouble =! ! ! new HashMap<Double, Double>();!static {! ! sConversionTableDouble.put(0.0, 32.0);! ! sConversionTableDouble.put(100.0, 212.0);! ! sConversionTableDouble.put(-1.0, 30.20);! ! sConversionTableDouble.put(-100.0, -148.0);! ! sConversionTableDouble.put(32.0, 89.60);! ! sConversionTableDouble.put(-40.0, -40.0);! ! sConversionTableDouble.put(-273.0, -459.40);}

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add f -> c conversion

public class TemperatureConverter {

! public static double fahrenheitToCelsius(double f) {! ! return (f-32) * 5/9.0;! }

}

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run the tests

this assertion fails

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creating test case

use AndroidTestCase as base class

use EditNumber as CUT

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method stubsselect the constructorsselect other methods

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fixture

/* (non-Javadoc) * @see android.test.AndroidTestCase#setUp() */protected void setUp() throws Exception { super.setUp(); mEditNumber = new EditNumber(getContext());

}

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test

public final void testClear() {! ! final String value = "123.45";! ! mEditNumber.setText(value);! ! mEditNumber.clear();! ! final String expected = "";! ! final String actual = mEditNumber.getText().toString();! ! assertEquals(expected, actual);}

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implementation

public class EditNumber extends EditText {

// ...

! public void clear() {! ! setText(null);! }

}

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test set number

public final void testSetNumber() { final double expected = 123.45; mEditNumber.setNumber(expected); final double actual = mEditNumber.getNumber(); assertEquals(expected, actual);}

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set number

public class EditNumber extends EditText {

// ...

public void setNumber(double f) { setText(Double.toString(f)); }

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test get number

public final void testGetNumber() {! ! final double expected = 123.45;! ! mEditNumber.setNumber(expected);! ! final double actual = mEditNumber.getNumber();! ! assertEquals(expected, actual);}

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get numberpublic class EditNumber extends EditText {

// ...

! public void getNumber() { final String s = getText().toString(); if ( "".equals(s) ) { return Double.NaN; }! ! return Double.valueOf(s);! }}

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run the tests

testFahrenheitToCelsiusConversion is still failing

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what’s the problem ?clear() works

requestFocus() works

setNumber() works

fahrenheitToCelsius() works

getNumber() works

so ?

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temperature converter

100

32

Title

fahrenheit

celsius

keyboard

autoupdate

81


TemperatureChangeWatcher

create it as an inner classcheck abstractimplements TextWatcherinherited abstract methodscreate 2 EditNumber fields mSource & mDest

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generate constructor

use the fieldspublic accessomit call to super()

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the watcherpublic abstract class TemperatureChangeWatcher implements TextWatcher {! ! private EditNumber mSource;! ! private EditNumber mDest;! !! ! public TemperatureChangeWatcher( EditNumber source, EditNumber dest) {! ! ! this.mSource = source;! ! ! this.mDest = dest;! ! } // ...}

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on text changed@Overridepublic void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {! if ( !mDest.hasWindowFocus() || mDest.hasFocus() || s == null ) return;! final String str = s.toString();! if ( "".equals(str) ) {! ! mDest.setText(""); return;! }! try {! ! final double result = convert(Double.parseDouble(str));! ! mDest.setNumber(result);! }! catch (NumberFormatException e) {! ! // WARNING: this is thrown while a number is entered, for example just a '-'! }! catch (Exception e) {! ! mSource.setError("ERROR: " + e.getLocalizedMessage());! }}

we should define it

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abstract convert method

public abstract class TemperatureChangeWatcher implements TextWatcher { //...

protected abstract double convert(double temp); //...}

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find views@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView( R.layout.activity_temperature_converter); mCelsius = (EditNumber) findViewById(R.id.celsius); mFahrenheit = (EditNumber) findViewById(R.id.fahrenheit);}

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add change listeners@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { // ... mCelsius.addTextChangedListener( new TemperatureChangeWatcher(mCelsius, mFahrenheit) {! ! ! @Override protected double convert(double temp) {! ! ! ! return TemperatureConverter.celsiusToFahrenheit(temp);! ! ! }! }); mFahrenheit.addTextChangedListener( new TemperatureChangeWatcher(mFahrenheit, mCelsius) {! ! ! @Override protected double convert(double temp) {! ! ! ! return TemperatureConverter.fahrenheitToCelsius(temp);! ! ! } });}

we should create it

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add conversionpublic class TemperatureConverter {


! public static double celsiusToFahrenheit(double c) {! ! // TODO Auto-generated method stub! ! return 0;! }}

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adding testpublic class TemperatureConverterTests extends TestCase { // ...! /**! * Test method for {@link TemperatureConverter#fahrenheitToCelsius(double)}.! */! public final void testCelsiusToFahrenheit() {! ! for (double c: sConversionTableDouble.keySet()) {! ! ! final double f = sConversionTableDouble.get(c);! ! ! final double fa = TemperatureConverter.celsiusToFahrenheit(c);! ! ! final double delta = Math.abs(fa - f);! ! ! assertTrue("delta=" + delta + " for f=" + f + " fa=" + fa, delta < 0.005);! ! }! }}

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running the tests

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implementing conversionpublic class TemperatureConverter {


! public static double celsiusToFahrenheit(double c) {! ! return 9/5.0 * c + 32;! }}

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running the tests

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test xml attributespublic final void testSetDecimalPlacesAttributeFromXml() { LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater)getContext() .getSystemService( Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); View root = inflater.inflate( com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.R.layout.activity..., null); EditNumber editNumber = (EditNumber) root.findViewById(com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.R.id.celsius); assertNotNull(editNumber); // i2at:decimalPlaces="2" is set in main.xml assertEquals(2, editNumber.getDecimalPlaces());}

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decimal placespublic void setNumber(double d) { final String str = String.format("%." + mDecimalPlaces + "f", d); setText(str);}

public void setDecimalPlaces(int places) { mDecimalPlaces = places;} public int getDecimalPlaces() { return mDecimalPlaces;}

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define attributes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources> <declare-styleable name="i2at"> <attr name="decimalPlaces" format="integer" /> </declare-styleable> </resources>

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add attributes

xmlns:i2at="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.dtmilano.i2at.tc"

<com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.EditNumber android:id="@+id/celsius" i2at:decimalPlaces="2" android:ems="10" ... > <requestFocus /> </com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.EditNumber>

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http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.dtmilano.i2at.tc





init using attributes

public EditNumber(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); init(context, attrs, -1);}

private void init(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) { final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.i2at); setDecimalPlaces(a.getInteger( R.styleable.i2at_decimalPlaces, DEFAULT_DECIMAL_PLACES)); a.recycle();}

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know decimal places

protected void setUp() throws Exception { super.setUp(); mEditNumber = new EditNumber(getContext()); mEditNumber.setDecimalPlaces(2);}

99


test signed number@SmallTestpublic void testFahrenheitToCelsiusConversion_input() throws Throwable { runTestOnUiThread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { mCelsius.clear(); mFahrenheit.clear(); } }); final String c = "-123.4"; getInstrumentation().sendStringSync(c); assertEquals(c, mCelsius.getText().toString()); final double expected = TemperatureConverter.celsiusToFahrenheit(Double.parseDouble(c)); final double actual = mFahrenheit.getNumber(); final double delta = Math.abs(expected - actual); assertTrue(delta < 0.005);}

100


add attributes<com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.EditNumber android:id="@+id/celsius" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" i2at:decimalPlaces="2" android:ems="10" android:gravity="center_vertical|right" android:inputType="numberSigned|numberDecimal" > <requestFocus /></com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.EditNumber>

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running the tests

102


code coverage

103


code coverage

measures the amount of source code tested

android relies on emma (http://emma.sf.net)

supported coverage types:

class

method

line

block

104


coverage report

overall coverage summary

overall stats summary

coverage breakdown by package

105


building with antdisable project’s Build Automatically in Eclipse

convert project to ant

$ android update project --path $PWD \ --name TemperatureConverter-OSCON-2012 \ --target android-15 --subprojects

$ android update test-project \ --main $PWD \ --path $PWD/tests

106


run configuration

run build.xml as Ant build...use emma transient target

clean, emma, debug, install,

test

107


ant 1.8specify ant 1.8 home

Ant home...

108


coverage

run build.xml

coverage analysis report is generated

is currently only supported on the emulator and rooted devices

get coverage file

$ adb pull /data/data/com.example.i2at.tc/files/coverage.ec coverage.ec

109


on some user devs

Give the app WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission

Add emma.dump.file build property

Use an external storage location (i.e. sdcard)

110


coverage report

111


coverage breakdown

name class% method% block% line%

TemperatureConverter

TemperatureConverterActivity

EditNumber

100% 67% 82% 67%

100% 100% 91% 93%

100% 100% 98% 96%

112


constructor not covered

113


private constructorpublic class TemperatureConverter {! private TemperatureConverter() {! ! // do nothing! }! public static double fahrenheitToCelsius(double f) {! ! return (f-32) * 5/9.0;! }! public static double celsiusToFahrenheit(double c) {! ! return 9/5.0 * c + 32;! }}

114


access private constructor

public final void testPrivateConstructor() throws Exception {! Constructor<TemperatureConverter> ctor = TemperatureConverter.class.getDeclaredConstructor();! ctor.setAccessible(true);! TemperatureConverter tc = ctor.newInstance((Object[])null);! assertNotNull(tc);}

circumventrestriction

115


returning NaN

116


missing tests

public final void testGetNumber_emptyText() { mEditNumber.setText(""); final double actual = mEditNumber.getNumber(); assertEquals(Double.NaN, actual);} public final void testGetNumber_nullText() { mEditNumber.setText(null); final double actual = mEditNumber.getNumber(); assertEquals(Double.NaN, actual);}

117


finished application

this is the final result

118


requirements

converts between temperature units

one temperature is entered and the other is updated

error is displayed in the field

right aligned, 2 decimal digits

entry fields start empty

119


running tests

120


alternatives

eclipse

command line

android application

121


run configurations122


am instrument

-wWaits until the

instrumentation terminates before terminating itself

-r Outputs results in raw format

-e <key> <value>

Provides testing options as key-value pairs

123


command line$ adb shell am instrument -w \ com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.test/\ android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner

$ adb shell am instrument -w \ -e func true \ com.dtmilano.i2at.tc.test/\ android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner

all tests:

functional tests:

124


Activitypublic class TemperatureConverterTestsActivity extends Activity {

! private static final String TAG = "TemperatureConverterTestsActivity";

! private static final int TIMEOUT = 15000;!! private TextView mResults;! private LogcatAsyncTask mLogcat;...

125


lifecycle methods@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {! ! super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);! ! setContentView(R.layout.main);! ! mResults = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.results);}@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {! ! super.onDestroy();! ! if (mLogcat != null) { mLogcat.cancel(true); }}

126


getInstrumentationInfo

private InstrumentationInfo getInstrumentationInfo(final String packageName) {! ! final List<InstrumentationInfo> list = getPackageManager()! ! ! ! .queryInstrumentation(packageName, 0);! ! return (!list.isEmpty()) ? list.get(0) : null;}

127


run testspublic void runTests(View v) { final String pn = getPackageName().replaceFirst(".test$", ""); final InstrumentationInfo info = getInstrumentationInfo(pn); if (info != null) {! final ComponentName cn = new ComponentName(info.packageName,! ! ! info.name);! if (startInstrumentation(cn, null, null)) {! ! mLogcat = new LogcatAsyncTask();! ! mLogcat.execute(TIMEOUT);! } } else {! Toast.makeText(this,! ! ! "Cannot find instrumentation for " + pn, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) .show();! }}

128


task to read logcatprivate class LogcatAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Integer, String, Void> {! // TestRunner and silence others! private static final String CMD = "logcat -v time TestRunner:I *:S";! private BufferedReader mReader;! private Process mProc;

! public LogcatAsyncTask() {! ! try {! ! ! mProc = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(CMD);! ! ! mReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(! ! ! ! ! mProc.getInputStream()));! ! } catch (Exception e) {! ! ! Log.e(TAG, "Creating proc", e);! ! }! }

129


progress update

@Overrideprotected void onProgressUpdate(String... values) {! ! if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(values[0])) {! ! ! mResults.append("\n" + values[0]);! ! }}

130


do in background@Overrideprotected Void doInBackground(Integer... params) {! ! final long timeout = System.currentTimeMillis() + params[0];! ! try {! ! ! do {! ! ! ! Thread.sleep(50); publishProgress(mReader.readLine());! ! ! } while (System.currentTimeMillis() < timeout);! ! } catch (Exception e) {! ! ! publishProgress("ERROR: " + e);! ! } finally {! ! ! publishProgress("END"); mProc.destroy();! ! }! ! return null;! }}

131


in action132



133



agile technique for software engineering

received broad adoption in recent years

prevents “integration hell”

integrate changes frequently

134


requirements

version control system

automated build

self tested

artifacts and tests results easy to find

135


installation

download war from http://jenkins-ci.org

$ java -jar jenkins.war

136

http://jenkins-ci.org

http://jenkins-ci.org


jenkins home

137


android plugin

138


new job

139


ant properties

140


build artifacts

141


build dependency

142


android emulator

143


invoke ant

144


Create test project

Set repository URL

Trigger build after main project

Build with ant

test project

145


xml test results

download xmlinstrumentationtestrunner.jar

replace instrumentation byandroid:name="com.neenbedankt.android.test.XMLInstrumentationTestRunner"

customize project configuration

146


junit test result

147


build step

PKG=com.dtmilano.i2at.tcOUTDIR=/mnt/sdcard/Android/data/$PKG/files/OUTFILE=test-results.xmlADB=/opt/android-sdk/platform-tools/adb

$ADB pull "$OUTDIR/$OUTFILE" "$WORKSPACE/TemperatureConverter-OSCON-2012/tests/bin/$OUTFILE"

148


test report

149


coverage trend

Enable record emma coverage

Specify emma XML report files

Change health reporting

Modify build.xml to support XML reports

150


code coverage

151


line coverage

152



153



evolution of Test Driven Development

inclusion of business participant

common vocabulary

based on Neuro Linguistics Programming

154


fitnesse

155


test suite

156


slim test fixturepackage com.example.i2at.tc.test.fitnesse.fixture;import com.example.i2at.tc.TemperatureConverter;

public class TemperatureConverterCelsiusToFahrenheitFixture {! private double celsius;

! public void setCelsius(double celsius) {! ! this.celsius = celsius;! }

! public String fahrenheit() throws Exception {! ! try {! ! ! return String.valueOf(TemperatureConverter.celsiusToFahrenheit(celsius));! ! } catch (RuntimeException e) {! ! ! return e.getLocalizedMessage();! ! }! }}

157


test run

158


questions ?

159


android application testing guide

Apply testing techniques and tools• Learn the nuances of Unit and

Functional testing• Understand different development

methodologies such as TDD and BDD• Apply Continuous Integration• Improve applications using

performance tests• Expose your application to a wide

range of conditions

160


thank you

161

Download - Introduction to android testing - oscon 2012

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