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Introduction to Cellular Biology
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Essential Questions
What is the cell theory? What are the characteristics of
prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
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Life is Cellular
Discovery of the cell:• Year: 1665
• Scientist: Robert Hooke
• Invention: microscope
Robert Hooke found the first “cell” by looking through his microscope (empty chambers in a cork)
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Cell Theory All living things are composed of small units
called CELLS!!!!
Cells are the basic units of life!!!!• They are the basic units of structure and function
New cells are produced from existing cells.
Can be single cellled (___ cellular) Example: AmoebaCan be many celled (_____ cellular) Example: Humans
Applies to all organisms: plants, animals, and bacteria
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THE CELL
Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes
All have 2 characteristics in common• Cell membrane-
surrounds the cell like a barrier
• Contain a molecule that contains DNA
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Two Broad CategoriesProkaryote & Eukaryote
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Prokaryotes - does NOT have a Nuclues
No nuclear membrane around DNA
Don’t have membrane-bound organelles (ex: mitochondria)
Small and simple Examples:
• Bacteria
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Eukaryotes
Contain a nucleus Have organelles
• Specialized cell organs Larger and more
complex Example:
• Muscle cell
• Skin cell
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STOP!!!
How will we remember??
Venn Diagram
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No nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles
Small and simple
Examples:BacteriaSome algae
Contain a nucleus (stores DNA)
Have organelles
Specialized cell organs
Larger and more complex
Cytoskeleton
Example:Muscle cellSkin cell
Cell membraneCytoplasmRespond to Env.GrowReproduce
Prok. Euk.
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Plant vs. Animal
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1. Vacuole 2. Golgi Apparatus 3. Cell wall 4. Cell membrane 5. Chloroplast 6. Mitochondria 7. Nucleus 8. Endoplasmic reticulum 9. Nucleolus
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11. Lysosome 12. ER 13. Cell membrane 14. Nucleus 15. Cytoplasm 16. Nucleolous 17. Golgi Apparatus 18. Mitochondria
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Plant Cells
Chloroplasts
-photosynthesis Vacuole
-storage Have a cell wall
• Provides strength and protection
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Animal Cell
Lysosomes-Digestive enzymes
Have centrioles
-Aid in cell division