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Introduction
To
Environmental Science
Name: _______________________________________________ Unit 1
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In this introductory unit, our “big idea” questions are:
What are Earth’s 4 spheres?
What sciences make up Environmental Science?
What is an observation and an inference, and how are
they related?
What variables exist in an experiment?
How do we graph independent and dependent variables to
show relationships between variables?
How can mathematical calculations show relationships
between variables?
To answer these questions, we will learn about & review:
Earth’s 4 Spheres & Environmental Science’s 4 Sciences
Observations & Inferences
o Lab: Observations & Inferences
Variables, Graphing & Types of Relationships
Mathematical Skills: Place Values, Rounding, Scientific
Notation, Percent Deviation, & Rate of Change
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(1) __________________
(2) __________________
(3)
___________________
(4) ___________
(1) __________________
(2) __________________
(3)
___________________
(4) ____________
The Spheres of
the Earth
Sciences in
Env. Science
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Review:
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Observations vs. Inferences
Observations & Inferences Practice
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Lab: Observations & Inferences
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Variables, Graphing & Types of
Relationships
Variables:
_____ types of variables exist in scientific experiments
Scientific Variables
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Let’s Practice!
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Graphing & Types of Relationships:
What is a graph?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
What types of relationships between variables can graphs show?
(1) ________________: The independent variable
__________________ and the dependent variable
__________________
(2) ________________: The independent variable
_________________ and the dependent variable
_________________
(3) ________________: As the independent variable
_________________, the dependent variable increases and
decreases in a _____________________ manner
(4) ________________: As one variable _________________, the
other remains the _____________
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Let’s Practice!
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REVIEW
Match the type of graph with the relationship it is
showing.
Indirect (inverse)
Cyclic
Direct
Static
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Mathematical Skills: Place Values, Rounding,
Scientific Notation, Percent Deviation, & Rate of
Change
Being mathematically literate is important in Earth Science; thus we will take time
to review SOME important math skills that will help you be successful this year.
Place Values:
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Let’s Practice!
Circle the correct answers to the following questions:
Rounding:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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Scientific Notation:
Scientific notation is used to make very large or very small numbers (written in
standard notation) more understandable. For very large numbers, you will move
the decimal point to the left AND count the number of times you must move it
(this will be your exponent). For very small numbers, you will follow the same
steps but move your decimal point to the right. Let’s look at some examples:
For VERY LARGE numbers:
For very small numbers:
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You must be able to write numbers in both scientific notation AND in standard
notation. Below are some practice problems:
Percent Deviation:
You may assume that every measurement you make is accurate. However you
may make mistakes when making measurements or calculating values.
Percent deviation, or percent error, is a formula that is used to quantify how
accurate you are when making measurements. In this calculation, student
measured (observed) values are compared to actual (accepted) values.
Percent Deviation (Percent Error) =
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Real-life example:
*Note: If you have a “negative” percent error, this DOES NOT mean that you have
a value less than zero. What do you think it DOES mean?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Let’s Practice!
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Rate of Change:
What is “change”?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Most changes in nature are ___________________ and
_____________________________
Dynamic Equilibrium:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Rate of change:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Rate of change formula:
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Let’s Practice!