Download - Introduction to Periodic table
![Page 1: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Compounds and Bonding
Introduction to Ionic Bonding
The Periodic Table
![Page 2: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
First a review of the
![Page 3: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Elements are arranged by atomic number
Vertically
into Groups
Horizontally Into Periods
![Page 4: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Draw electron configuration diagrams to show the electron arrangements for these elements on the periodic table provided
remember 2,8,8,2
Do this for the first twenty
elements before the next slide.
![Page 5: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Make a conclusion: Look at the diagrams you drew for each group . . .
Each atom has the same number of electrons in it’s outermost
shell.
These electrons are called valence electrons. Valence electrons determine how an element will form chemical
bonds and react.
![Page 6: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
For example - the Group 2 elements all have 2 valence electrons.
Be (Beryllium)
AtomMg (Magnesium)
Atom
![Page 7: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• The number of outer or “valence” electrons in an atom effects the way an atom bonds.
• The way an atom bonds determines many properties of the element.
• This is why elements within a group usually have similar chemical properties.
For example alkali (group 1) metals all react with water to produce hydrogen gas
![Page 8: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
If you looked at an atom from each element in a period
What do you see…
Each atom has the same number of electron holding
shells.
![Page 9: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
For example: the period 4 atoms each have 4 electron shells
K (Potassium)
Atom Fe (Iron) Atom
Kr (Krypton)
Atom
4
![Page 10: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Now, use a different color and write the 2,8,8,2 electron arrangements for the first 20 elements on your handout.
1 2
2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,82,72,62,5
2,8,1 2,8,2 2,8,3 2,8,4 2,8,82,8,72,8,62,8,5
2,8,8,1 2,8,8,2
What do you observe?
The last number in the electron arrangement indicates the number of valence electrons. This is the same
for all elements in a group.
![Page 11: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Other useful things to know about the Periodic Table
![Page 12: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Solids, liquids and gases (at room temperature)
![Page 13: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Metals, metalloids and non-metals
![Page 14: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Alkali Metals
Soft, silvery colored metals
Very reactive!!!
![Page 15: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Alkaline Earth Metals
Silvery-White Metals
Fairly reactive
Many are found in rocks in the earth’s
crust
![Page 16: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Transition Metals
Malleable (easily bent/hammered
into wires or sheets)
Most are good Conductors of
electricity
![Page 17: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Poisonous
Reactive
Halogens
![Page 18: Introduction to Periodic table](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052619/5550701fb4c90524138b4b35/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Unreactive
Mono-atomic
Gases at room temperature
Noble Gases