Download - Introduction - Univr
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Embedded systems
Graziano Pravadelli (2015)
Introduction
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DEFINITION Embedded systems
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Embedded Systems: What?
• Like Hanging Gardens – fragrant plants in dry
climate
• Computer systems embedded in a non computer system to provide: – flexibility – efficiency and – features
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Embedded Systems: Why? • To do:
– specific tasks with limited resources meeting real time constraints
• To guarantee: – safety and reliability even in critical situations
• no power, no communication, high temperature, …
• To provide: – advanced features in several aspects of modern
life
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Embedded Systems: Where?
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• From computer (’60-’80): – General purpose systems for solution
of general problems • To digital control systems (’80-’90):
– Systems dedicated to control and automation
• To distributed systems (’90-’00): – General purpose systems and/or
dedicated systems cooperating through the network
• To embedded systems (’00-): – Distributed systems integrated in non-
computing objects and in the environment
Water and Gas security
Irrigation
Climatic Sensors Lights
Video-Control System
audio/video systems
Domestic Appliances
Windows
HVAC control
Embedded Systems: From?
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Embedded systems: How? • We cannot design embedded systems
like general purpose systems – Different design constraints, different
goals – Embedded design is about the system,
not about the computer • E.g.
– In general purpose computing, design often focuses on building the fastest CPU
– In embedded systems the CPU simply exists as a way to implement control algorithms communicating with sensors and actuators
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Embedded Systems: Constraints • Size and weight
– Hand-held electronics – Weight costs money in transportation – Human body cannot eat desktops
• Power – Buttery power instead of AC
• Harsh environment – Power fluctuation, RF interferences, heat, vibration,
water, … • Safety critical and real time operations • Low costs
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DESIGN FLOW Embedded systems
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Embedded Systems: Design Flow
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Specification
System constraints
System modeling
HW/SW partitioning
Reference architecture
SW coding
Reference (RT)OS
Memory
HW
Device driver
CPU
Bus
SW
Refinement
Abstraction
Interface definition
HW modeling
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Embedded Systems: Design Flow • Design is a continuous
mix of verification – refinement – abstraction
• Verification should not be only a post-refinement step, but it should guide the design with some correct-by-construction refinements
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System Model Properties
Validation
Abstraction Level i
Synthesis
Verification
Abstraction
Refinement
System Model Properties
Validation
Abstraction Level i
Synthesis
Verification
Abstraction
Refinement
System Model Properties
Validation
Abstraction Level i
Synthesis
Verification
Abstraction
Refinement
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Horizon 2020 vision
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