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Investigation of Mechanical and Tribological
Properties of Materials in Micro and Nano Scale
with Nano-Indenter and SPM
Surface Science
&
Nano-Tribology Lab
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MTS Nano Indenter XP
Source: www.MTS.com
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Digital Instruments NanoScope IIIa SPM
Source: www.DI.com
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Adhesion Failure of Ink on Plastic Films
Adhesion Strength Test: The Nano Indenter (MTS) with a conical-
shaped diamond tip (90, radius: 1m) is used to scrape the surfaces of the
samples under an increasing normal force The critical forces, at which
the interface failed and the ink was peeled off the plastic film, reflects the
adhesive strength.
Adhesion: a measure of the strength of bonds between the ink and
plastic substrate through the interface.
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Different configurations of adhesion failure
I
II
III
IV
V
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(a) 2-D color-scaled topographic image of a scratch made under an increasing force from 2.9mN to 3.1mN at the surface of an ink sample.(b) Profile along the bottom of the ditch.(c) 3-D view of the topographic image.(d) Lateral force image taken simultaneously with the topographic image.
A
ac d
b
SPM analysis of adhesion failure
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Hard-coated Polycarbonate Systems
Table: Critical force for transition between damage types.
Sample Mar
RoughTrough
RoughTrough
Crack
Crack
Delamination
Delamination
Chip
A 25mN 35mN 55mN
A + Plasma 10mN 30mN 50mN 60mN
B 28mN 42mN
B + Plasma 15mN 25mN
* For sample A and A + Plasma, Delamination and Chipping co-occur most of times, and hardly be
distinguished in two steps clearly.
* For sample B and B + Plasma, no Delamination and Chipping were observed up to a constant force of 150mN.
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SPM images of Mar and rough trough
Sample A after scratch at 10mN and 20mNScan Size: 80m 80m, Z-range: 400nm
Sample A after scratch at 30mNScan Size: 80m 80m, Z-range: 1000nm
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SPM images of cracking and delamination
Sample A after scratch at 40mN and 50mNScan Size: 80m 80m, Z-range: 4000nm
Sample A after scratch at 60mNScan Size: 80m 80m, Z-range: 4000nm
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Mold-In-Color Plastic Panels
A1 A2
Flow
direction
A3
B1 B2 B3
C1 C2 C31
23
C
B
A
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Har
dn
ess
(MP
a)
C
B
A
Hardness of the plastic deviate little on different locations of the panel.
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SPM phase images of sample A
Before washingScan Size: 5m 5m, Z-range: 45
After washing with IPAScan Size: 5m 5m, Z-range: 45
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SPM phase images of sample B
Before washingScan Size: 5m 5m, Z-range: 45
After being rubbed with cottonScan Size: 5m 5m, Z-range: 45
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Brass
Brass
Soft Coating
Hard Coating
Brass
8m Ni
0.25m ZrNCoating
0.25m Cr
Organic/Inorganic coatings deposited on brass
Brass substrate
ZrN/Cr/Ni/Brass (traditional coatings)
Organic/Inorganic Coatings for Hardware
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M-1 (500 mm) M-3 (500 mm)M-2 (500 mm)
M-1 (z: 500 nm/div) M-2 (z: 500 nm/div) M-3 (z: 500 nm/div)
Damage patterns in the real applications
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Fatigue in rubber rings
0
1
2
3
4
0 4000 8000 12000
Displacement (nm)
Load
(mN
)
A
B
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 4000 8000 12000 16000
Displacement (nm)
ABC
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EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY
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NANO TRIBLOGY LABORATORY