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Location-Enabled LoRa™ IoT Network:

“Geo-LoRa-ting” your assets

T. Lestable, Ph.D

Innovation & Technology

Office of CTO

SAGEMCOM SAS

This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization 2

Internet of Everything (IoE) is coming…sooner than you think

By 2020:

* [30-50] Billion devices connected

* $7,1 Trillion Global Market


IoT/M2M, Beyond the Hype…

http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2575515

5G??

http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2575515


IoT early stage investments (2013)

Cellular IoT

$25M

$115M

$25M

$11M


Overall IoT Market Forecast by 2025

Source: McKinsey, June 2015

True revolution is

not coming from

where you might

think….

Industrial IoT is

leading the Market !

minority


Strategic IoT Use Cases/Services (illustrations)


GeoFencing, GeoTargeting, GeoPositioning, Tracking…

“Trigger geofences based on events like

- entering, dwelling, or leaving a place

- time of day

- crossing a speed threshold

- entering a city, state or country

- after traveling a given distance

- after a particular change in altitude ”

Source: Geoloqi

Smart Cities

http://cdn3.raywenderlich.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/geofence.png


Waste Collection for Smart Cities, By ENEVO

Waste Collection optimized route

Waste Container connected sensor

http://www.enevo.com/ Finland

Ultrasonic fill level sensor

10+ years battery life

IP 66, [-40°, +85°]

http://www.enevo.com/

http://www.enevo.com/


Tank monitoring & Delivery Optimization, By SENET

Network as a Service (NaaS) - Wireless Network roll-out (150 Rx GW)

- Data Aggregation platform

- Network Resource Tools

http://www.senetco.com/ US

Propane, Heating oil, Water, Farming coop….

http://www.senetco.com/

http://www.senetco.com/


Fire/CO2 Detection & Alarms, by FINSECUR

10 years battery life

Up to 10 ‘DAAF’ (Detectors) interconnected

Std: EN 14604

HQ Nanterre, FR http://www.finsecur.com/index.php

http://www.finsecur.com/index.php

http://www.finsecur.com/index.php


Emerging De-facto LRLP standards

Vs

‘De-facto’ standards

IOT, Multi-Vendors, Certification

Source: McKinsey, June 2015

Open Standard


• LoRA™ Alliance

• announced during CES 2015, in Las Vegas (January’15)

• Launched during MWC 2015, in Barcelona (March’15)

• http://lora-alliance.org/

IoT – Long Range Low Power (LRLP): LoRA™ Alliance

+100 members!! (Sept.’15)

http://lora-alliance.org/





LoRa Alliance – Sample of Members (+100 members)

Operators

Sponsor Members Contributor Members A

dopte

r M

em

bers


LoRa�™ Network Features


Sagemcom IoT Offer - overview

Sagemcom Offering spreads through a set of IoT

products :

• Sagemcom IoT Packet Core (SPC): a modular software

suite to build core network IoT solutions

• Sagemcom IoT RAN (SRAN): a set of network

equipments (HW/SW) to build the IoT Radio Access

Network

• Sagemcom IoT End-Points (SEP): a set of optimized

radio modules to build IoT connected devices.

SEP SRAN SPC


LoRa™ PHY Layer: Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) / IEEE 802.15.4a

𝑠 𝑡 = 𝑒−𝑖𝜋∗𝐵𝑊∗ 𝑡−

𝑡2

𝑇𝑠

𝑇𝑠 =2𝑆𝐹

𝐵𝑊

𝑇𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝 =1

𝐵𝑊

𝑇𝑠 = 2𝑆𝐹 ∗ 𝑇𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝

Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM)

Spreading Gain

𝛽𝜏 = 𝐵𝑊 ∗ 𝑇𝑠 = 2𝑆𝐹 ≫ 1

LoRa™ PHY inherits its properties from

RADAR technology, and its maturity in

Telecom from IEEE 802.15.4a (WPAN)


LoRaWAN device classes


LoRa™: Bidirectional communications

Class A: Receiver Initiated Transmission strategy (RIT)

Class B: Coordinated Sampled Listening (CSL) Network may send downlink packet to node at any Rx slot

Class C: Continuous Listening

LoRa™ is

fully

bidirectionnal

from early

stage.

Three Modes

(Class A, B,

C) allow to

embrace

Industry 4.0

strong

segment of

applications.

La

ten

cy c

on

str

ain

ed

ap

plic

atio

ns

Po

we

r Effic

ien

cy


LoRA™ nodes protocols

• Ultra small/low power

• 10x5x5 cm, <3Watt

• Multiple channels & data rates

• 8 channels

• Best sensitivity

• -142dBm @300bps

• -129dBm @6Kbps

• Antenna Diversity

- Variable Spreading Factors

- (SF7-SF12)

- Data rates

- [0.3Kbps – 50Kbps]

- Pseudo-random Channel Hopping

- Duty-cycle limited (NO LBT)

- 3 classes of Devices

- Class A: Bi-directional with

2 Rx windows

- Class B: Bi-directional with

additional scheduled Rx

slots

- Class C: Continuous Rx

2 End-Device

Activation Methods:

- Over The Air

Activation (OTAA)

- Activation By

Personalization

(ABP)

Class A

This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization 21 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization 21


TDOA Basics

𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖 = 𝑇𝑒 + 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑖

𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑗 = 𝑇𝑒 + 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑗

Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗 = 𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖 − 𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑗 = 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑖 − 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑗

𝑇𝑒 is not needed no need to

synchronize EndPoint with BS

Hyperbolic Geolocation

Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗 =𝑑𝑖𝑐 −

𝑑𝑗𝑐 =

1𝑐 𝑑𝑖−𝑑𝑗 LOS assumed

𝑑𝑖

𝑇𝑒

𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖

𝑥𝑦

𝑥𝑖𝑦𝑖

𝑑𝑖 − 𝑑𝑗 = 𝛿𝑖𝑗 = 𝑐Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗

𝑑𝑖 = 𝑑𝑗 + 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝑑2𝑖 = 𝑑2𝑗 + 𝛿2𝑖𝑗 + 2𝑑𝑗𝛿𝑖𝑗

𝑑2𝑖 = 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖2+ 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑖

2

constant

−2𝑥 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥1 − 2𝑦 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦1 − 2𝑑1𝛿𝑖1

𝑥𝑦𝑑1

= 𝑋 Linear w.r.t 𝐴 ∗ 𝑋 = Δ

Known Constant

Source: Semtech


LPWAN Killing application = Geo-Location whilst saving battery!

TDOA

RSS

DRSS

Data

Fusion &

hybrid

solutions

are natural

solutions

thanks to

flat IP

architecture

Geo-Location is a « MUST HAVE »

for many industrial 4.0 applications,

and thus KEY Differentiator amongst

IoT Systems.


Geolocation – Macro BS/GW Roll-out - illustration

No Geolocation

Outdoor Geolocation

available and only few

indoor available

GPS

Macro BS/GW


Geolocation – Densify Macro BS/GW - illustration

GeoLocation not

guaranteed in deep

indoor

Data rate optimized

(battery saving)

devices anywhere

GPS

Macro BS/GW

Deep indoor


Cellular IoT Roll-out Layout – Evaluation Methodology

Hexagonal Layout

LoRa Parameters

Carrier frequency 𝐹𝑐 = 868MHz

Bandwidth BW = 125kHz

Spreading factor 7

Layout and Drop Parameters

Inter-Site Distance ISD = 1732m

GW Drop location Fixed (42 sites, hexagonal

layout)

Antenna gain 𝐺GW = 3dBi (omnidirectional)

Antenna height 𝐻GW = 32m

Transmit power 𝑃GWMax = 21dBm

Noise figure NFGW = 7dB

EP Drop location Random (5000 EPs outdoor)


Antenna height 𝐻EP = 1.5m

Transmit power 𝑃EPMax = 14dBm

Noise figure NFEP = 7dB

Propagation Parameters

Pathloss Model Friis (𝛼 = 3)

Shadowing Standard deviation 𝜎S𝐻 = 8dB

Fast Fading None LoS, no multipath (delay)

Localization

Number of transmission per EP 10


Geolocation Algorithms Framework – DTOA behaviour

LoRa™ Networks greatly benefit from:

- Multiple Rx BS/GW (act as Sensor NW for UL packets)

- Centralized Data Fusion Architecture

DTOA

Rx Macro BS/GW

Other Key LoRa™ Wireless degrees of Freedom will bring improvements


TDOA (Weighted Least Square) – influence of SF

SF7

SF9

SF12

SF12

SF7

Inc

rea

sed

SF

in

cre

as

ed

co

ve

rag

e

hig

he

r N

b o

f R

x G

Ws

To get full benefits from LoRa™ degrees of

freedom (ADR, TxPr, densification,…), joint

Optimization is required …designing RRM


IoT Network Management & planning – Preliminary Guidelines

DTOA DTOA

ISD (m) SF

50% - SF Gain

30% - Algorithm gain

Network Densification

Increasing the Spreading Factor

(SF) greatly benefits

GeoLocation

Densifying the Network

also benefits GeoLocation

ISD = 1732 m

Thanks to its dynamic & adaptive features, LoRa™ enables Optimized

Network Roll-out & Management, with Multiple SLA Objectives

Macro only


Sagemcom - Femto LoRa™ integration

• An easy way to increase the densification to :

• Connect additionnal objects

• Connect inhome appliances

• Enhance the accuracy

• LoRa in the Home residential GWY :

• Plugging a module on existing Home residential

Gateway via existing USB interface.

• LoRa capabilities managed from LoRa servers :

• Low software impact inside the Home residential

gateway itself (mainly driver of the Module and

passthrough interface to the Lora Server)

Home residential

Gateway

Femto LoRa


Indoor Femtocells Roll-out Layout – Evaluation Methodology

LoRa Parameters

Carrier frequency 𝐹𝑐 = 868MHz

Bandwidth BW = 125kHz

Spreading factor Génie (=7)

Layout and Drop Parameters

Inter-Site Distance ISD = 1732m

GW Drop location Fixed (19 sites, hexagonal layout)


Antenna height 𝐻GW = 35m

Transmit power 𝑃GWMax = 21dBm

Noise figure NFGW = 7dB

EP Drop location Random (1000 EPs outdoor)


Antenna height 𝐻EP = 1.5m

Transmit power 𝑃EPMax = 14dBm

Noise figure NFEP = 7dB

Propagation Parameters

Pathloss Model 3GPP TR36,942 v12,0

Shadowing Standard deviation 𝜎SF = 8dB

Inter-correlation 0

Fast Fading COST207 Rural Area LoS/NLoS, multipath (max delay 0.5µs)

Localization

Number of transmission per EP 1

HetNet – Femto Layout, Density 0.5/km2


With Box/Femto LoRa™: 100% data coverage & enhanced GeoLoc

Severe access devices

regain connectivity &

Geolocation improved

GeoLocation not always

guaranteed indoor

GPS

Data Fusion

Femto (D)RSS


Joint/Hybrid GeoLocation Performance –

Femto RSS Fusion with Macro DTOA

Macro only Macro + Femtos

Gain

ISD = 1732 m

Even if not synchronized, Femtos benefit

greatly Geolocation thanks Fusion of their

RSS with Macro DTOA


Influence of Femtos Density onto Joint/Hybrid GeoLocation

Performance – RSS Fusion

Femtos benefit

Geolocation

thanks to Data

Fusion

(RSS and

DTOA)

ISD = 1732 m


With Box/Femto LoRa™ + sync option: 100% data + GeoLocation

coverage

Localisation and data

services available

everywhere indoor

GPS

Data Fusion

Femto DTOA


Joint/Hybrid GeoLocation Performance –

Femto DTOA (sync) Fusion with Macro DTOA

When synchronized, Femtos’ benefit on

Geolocation is outstanding thanks to

Fusion of their timestamps (TOA) with

Macro TOAs, through DTOA approach

ISD = 1732 m


Reliability @90%: Influence of Femtos roll-out, thanks to

Hyrid/Fusion of RSS/TOA

Macro only

Data Fusion Gain

Time stamps + RSS

Data Fusion

Femtos

ISD = 1732 m

Flexibility of IoT LoRa™ Network allows to tailor & adapt both roll-

out strategies & dynamic performance to meet SLA & QoS Criteria,

thus delivering true LPWAN Experience

This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization 38 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization 38


IoT GeoLocation assessment Criteria & trade-offs

There is a strong NEED for

flexibility to deal with variability &

Randomness of Wireless

Environment !

This will make the

difference on SLA

& TCO !


LPWAN IoT Systems – Now & Tomorrow

LPWAN are changing already the rules of competition by

proposing new disruptive business models, thanks to tailored

technology, well dimensionned from the beginning with the true

fondamental and simple primary needs from major industrial

IoT:

- (Very) Low Power

- (Very) Long Range

- (Very) Low Cost (TCO)

This allows new actors to join the Connected Economy, by

adopting available & affordable wireless technology, with simple

& fast roll-out.

Simplifying IoT roll-out will massively

benefit value extraction from data, and

its monetization.

Innovative & disruptive business is emerging from ISM bands

technologies (e.g. WiFi, RFID, SRD, and now IoT), Regulators

should bear that in mind, whilst LTE-U/LAA is crossing the line…

Thanks…

Any Question?

Special Thanks to:

- Massinissa Lalam, Ph.D

- Maxime Grau

Download - IoT-LPWAN LoRa Geoloc - sagemcom - m2m-innovationworld_geotrack

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