21 Nov 2014London
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons- for Interactive Learning Resources for Skills Projects
© Contact Leonardo for reuseleonardo@vinci
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Jason Miles-Campbell
0141 548 4939
www.jisclegal.ac.uk
2
Jisc Legal Manager
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Have you heard of Jisc Legal before?
1. Hello again, Jason
2. Yes, fairly often
3. Yes, used occasionally
4. Vague acquaintance
5. What’s that, then?
3
Hello a
gain
, Jas
on
Yes, f
airly o
ften
Yes, u
sed o
ccasio
nally
Vague a
cquain
tance
What
’s th
at, t
hen?
12%8%
24%
32%
24%
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
When it comes to copyright law...
1. I’m confident
2. I’ve a fair idea
3. I dabble
4. I ask others
5. I hide in the toilet
5
I’m co
nfident
I’ve a
fair
idea
I dabble
I ask
oth
ers
I hid
e in th
e toile
t
8%
44%
0%
28%
20%
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
6
What’s IPR all about…
Incoming IPR
- stuff that goes into your project
Outgoing IPR
- Making your resources available to others
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
7
Copyright in One Slide
Are you the owner?
If not, get permission
Or use statutory exception
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014 8
... the fact that our system of communication, teaching and entertainment does not grind to a standstill is in large part due to the fact that in most cases infringement of copyright has, historically, been ignored...
“
”
Copyright Law for Digital Teaching and Learning Workshop 15 May 2014
»The changing landscape:
› greater awareness
› business model
protection
› pervasive technology,
and access
9
» Motivators
› it’s the law
› confidence
› example
› reputation and trust
› quality
Why comply?I came, I saw, I right-clicked…
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
10
Incoming IPR
Rules with regards to ownership
Employees
Organisations
Contractors
Re-licensing
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
How much third party content?
1. The vast majority2. Lots3. Some4. A little5. None6. Large variations7. Don’t know
11
The v
ast m
ajorit
yLo
ts
Som
e
A littl
eNone
Larg
e varia
tions
Don’t kn
ow
0%
5%
42%
5%
0%
21%
26%
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
12
Outgoing IPR
‘Openness’
Creative Commons
Attribution
+/- Derivatives
+/- Commercial
+/- Share Alike
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014 13
Give Me What I Want,What I Really, Really Want
Your search returned 56,139 media items
- 0 meet your licensing requirements...
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014 14
Getting to know(and possibly love)
Creative Commons
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Creative Commons Licences 1
• Just a licence, like any other
• Standard terms
• Familiarity
• Legal status “debate”
• Other licences are available...
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Creative Commons Licences 2
• Irrevocable / Perpetual
• Summary / Legal Code / Symbols
• Elements / Components
• Porting and Versions
• When is a CC licence not a CC licence?
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
CC Licences Elements
BY – the attribution element
NC – the non-commercial qualification
ND – the non-derivative qualification
SA – the ShareAlike qualification
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Creative Commons Licences 3
CC 0CC BYCC BY-SACC BY-ND
CC BY-NCCC BY-NC-SACC BY-NC-ND
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Which licence did you specify?
1. CC-02. CC BY3. CC BY-SA4. CC BY-ND5. CC BY-NC6. CC BY-NC-SA7. CC BY-NC-ND8. Various / non-CC9. Don’t know
19
CC-0
CC BY-S
A
CC BY-N
C
CC BY-N
C-ND
Don’t kn
ow
4%
78%
4%0%
4%4%4%0%0%
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
BY – the Art of Attribution
Who needs to be attributed?
In what form do they have to be attributed?
What if it’s not practical to attribute?
The problem of ‘attribution stacking’
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
NC – Cut the Commerce!
What does ‘non commercial’ mean?
Applies to the activity, not the organisation
Remedies for commercial ‘breach’
Control, not prohibition
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
ND – Don’t Get Derivative
What is a derivative?
How much change can I make?
Collections
Control, not prohibition
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
SA – ShareAlike
Applies to derivatives
New version must be licensed under a
similar licence as the original
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Interoperability and Blending
Tools at:
www.web2rights.com/creativecommons
Wizard 1: given materials, which CC licence can I use?
Wizard 2: given a particular CC licence, what can I include?
Open Government Licence (OGL) compatible with CC BY
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Some Scenarios for Discussion
1. Alphaville University decides it wishes to make
its courseware available more openly to raise its
profile and attract interest. It chooses a CC BY-
NC-ND licence.
A good choice?
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Some Scenarios for Discussion
2. Bucks Fizz College decides it wishes to develop
and promote a community of business tutors
collaboratively creating materials across the FE
sector. It chooses a CC BY-NC-SA licence.
A good choice?
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Some Scenarios for Discussion
3. Jisc Legal originally licensed its materials under
a short, bespoke licence, allowing liberal use in
the education context, but restricting
commercial use and requiring permission for
adaptation. It’s now moved to a CC BY licence.
What were we thinking?!
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014 28
Choosing a Creative Commons Licence – the consequences
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
The Consequences of the Choice
Irrevocable
But relicensing possible
Choice of licence limits not only use,
but what can be included
Nothing’s barred... but people don’t ask
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014 30
Including Other People’s Stuff in Your Resources
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Understanding the CC Licences
A learning curve for projects, creators and rights holders
The “not quite CC” syndrome
• Education and changing perceptions
• Understanding CC as permissions
• Understanding CC compatibilities etc
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
The Patchwork Quilt
A world of rich content and bright lights...
often means many licences
• Accepting limitations
• Changing approach to development
• Encouraging open, simple licensing
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
What’s the expected audience?
1. UK local/regional
2. UK national
3. European
4. English-speaking global
5. Global
6. Very varied
7. Don’t know
33
UK loca
l/regi
onal
UK natio
nal
Euro
pean
Englis
h-spea
king gl
obal
Global
Very v
aried
Don’t kn
ow
10%
90%
0% 0%0%0%0%
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Any Storm in a Port?
Ported v unported licences
Over focus on jurisdiction
• Recognising the audience
• Improved understanding of CC
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
What’s Your Attitude to IPR?
1. Anarchist
2. Boundaries need pushed
3. Pragmatic, not pedantic
4. Conservative & cautious
5. Strongly risk averse
6. Not sure
35
Anarchist
Boundarie
s need
push
ed
Pragm
atic,
not p
edantic
Conserv
ative
& ca
utious
Stro
ngly r
isk a
vers
e
Not sure
0%
10%
0%0%
20%
70%
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Let’s Get Risqué!
Altruism, anarchy, openness,
transparency, copyright = copywrong
• Recognition of IPR risk in open resources
• A low risk threshold?
• Champion risk-free resources
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Organisational attitude to open resources
1. Strong buy-in at all levels
2. Staff buy-in, but senior management untested
3. Project is testing the waters
4. Some organisational barriers
5. Not sure (yet!)
37
Stro
ng buy-
in a
t all
le...
Staff
buy-in
, but s
eni..
Proje
ct is
test
ing
the ..
.
Som
e org
anisa
tional b
...
Not sure
(yet
!)
25%20%
5%
15%
35%
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Yours, Mine, and Minefields
Ownership of IPR in academic work
Denial, and sensitivities
• Senior management buy-in
• Staff and student buy-in
• A diplomatic approach to OER
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Asking the World...
Getting third party permissions
The world isn’t changing fast enough
• Getting buy-in (not just legal)
• Accept limits / alter current approach
• Wait
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Including Other People’s Stuff
Don’t ignore the issue
Option 1: Get permission
Option 2: Create an original replacement
Option 3: Link or refer to the third party material
Option 4: Include, with a warning as to licence limits
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Use of Licences & Statutory Exceptions
Blanket licences and commercial licences seldom
allow inclusion
Fair dealing for illustration for instruction
Fair dealing for criticism/review
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Copyright Audit Trail
Lack of formalities
Evidence of permission depends on risk
Find the right balance – not easy
Exercise reasonable scepticism over the right to
grant permission
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014 43
Top Tips for Avoiding Open Resource IPR Trouble
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Creating Open Resources Without (Legal) Tears
1. Copyright isn’t going to change much –
live with that, and accept the legal reality
2. Be mindful of tensions and sensitivities –
CC involves giving something away, forever
3. Avoid of complex licensing – it’s easy for things to
get out of hand. “Link and split”!
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Creating Open Resources Without (Legal) Tears
4. Focus on using what’s available, rather than what you can’t have (easily)
5. Promote change in the creative world – many people do want to share, but the legal default is set otherwise
6. Get clarity as to ownership of copyright works, before they are created
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Creating Open Resources Without (Legal) Tears
7. Help out users – define your terms such as
attribution and commercial use
8. Use and contribute CC licensed material to
repositories, databases and collections
9. Move copyright up the agenda. The potential
benefits (and savings) are huge.
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
On behalf of Jisc Techdis…
…accessibility and inclusion
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Creating Open Resources Without (Legal) Tears
10. Use the support that’s available. You don’t need to
do it on your own.
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
Sources of Support
www.jisclegal.ac.uk
www.web2rights.org.uk
www.web2rights.com/OERIPRSupport/
www.creativecommons.org
www.ipo.gov.uk
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
In summary…
Sort out ‘incoming’ IPR
Make life as easy as possible for users
Use support
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014
I’m now feeling…
A. Rock solid
B. Quietly confident
C. Unsure
D. On the verge of a nervous breakdown
E. I’ll tell you in three months’ time
51
Rock
solid
Quie
tly co
nfident
Unsu
re
On th
e verg
e of a
ne...
I’ll
tell
you in
thre
e ...
13%
74%
9%0%4%
Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Commons Workshop 21 Nov 2014 52
Your questions
53
This work, with the exception of logos, and any other content marked with a separate copyright notice, is
licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. Attribution should be “© Jisc
Legal – www.jisclegal.ac.uk – used under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence” (with
clickable URLs where possible). The use of logos in the work is licensed for use only on non-derivative
copies. Further information at www.jisclegal.ac.uk/CopyrightPolicy.
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