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Is HRD the future of andragogy?
CAE 213 Intro to Adult Education
Toccoa Falls College
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Andragogy: AE or HRD?
• The individual controls his or her own learning.
• The organization controls the worker’s learning.
Need Assessment
LearningPlan
Evaluation
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HRD
• Human Resource Development, to be strategic and useful, must position itself as a strategic partner within the organizational structure; taking on the same level of importance as finance, production, and marketing.
• Firms expect a return on the money invested in their employees.
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HRD
• Human Resource Development in non-profit organizations equips learners to contribute meaningfully to organizational goals that are essential for organizational survival.
• HRD is first and foremost concerned with maintaining and/or improving performance at the organizational, process, and individual levels.
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What is the key difference?
• In AE, the learner controls his or her learning.
• In HRD, the organization controls the learning.
Need Assessment
LearningPlan
Evaluation
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HRD
• When the individual’s needs are consistent with the organization’s needs, there is not tension.
• When the organization’s and the individual’s needs are not congruent, the organization will require learning and a tension will exist between the individual learner and the organization.
• Effective HRD professionals have the ability to find an optimum balance in each situation.
Need Assessment
LearningPlan
Evaluation
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Theoretical Foundations of Adult Learning
• There are four phases:1. Need assessment – determine what
learning is needed.2. Strategy creation – Create a strategy and
recruit resources to achieve goals.3. Implementation – Implement the learning
strategy.4. Evaluation – Assess the attainment of
the goal and the process of reaching it.
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AE
• The determining of learner need tends to be reactive rather than strategic in AE.
• Learning professionals are portrayed as reacting to the needs expressed by learners.
This assumes that: • The learner is fully aware of his or her need.• The learner can accurately access specific need.• The learner will initiate learning.• The learner will maintain a commitment to
learning.
Need Assessment
LearningPlan
Evaluation
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AE ---- HRD
Brookfield (1986) observes, “To take learners’ definitions of need as always
determining appropriate practice is to cast the facilitator as a technician within the consumer mode. It is to remove from the facilitator all professional judgment and to turn him or her into a “knee-jerk” satisfier of consumer needs. Education becomes one giant department store in which facilitators are providers of whatever learning (consumers) believe will make them happy” (p. 97).
Need Assessment
LearningPlan
Evaluation
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AE balances with HRD
1. Need – Engage learners to gain high motivation. Do not expect self-reporting of needs to be accurate for either the individual or the organization.
2. Create – Engage learners to gain higher validity in the selected learning strategies.
3. Implement – Engage learner to better mediate the actual learning.
4. Evaluate – Engage learners to gain higher self-reflection and integration of knowledge and expertise.
Need Assessment
LearningPlan
Evaluation
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The Future of Andragogy?
• AE and HRD will continue to develop.
• Control in AE will rest in the hands of the individual. The individual will seek to become literate, personally transformed, spiritually empowered, and socially emancipated.
• Control in HRD will rest in the hands of the organization which will develop employees for organizational success.
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The Future of Andragogy?
1. The discipline needs a more clearly defined theory. [Page 4 is a good beginning.]
2. The discipline needs to develop clear measurements for key processes and elements.
3. The discipline needs empirically demonstrative case studies of techniques that produce better outcomes.