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Award for Extended Project
Is Wahhabismresponsible for therecent rise in terrorism?
Robert Charles McWhinnie 2011
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1
Introduction................................................................................................................. 2
What is Wahhabism?................................................................................................ 4
Saudi Arabia A Wahhabi state .............................................................................. 5
Usamah bin Laden: a Saudi Wahhabi? .................................................................... 6
Alleged Wahhabi link to extremism and extremist claimants to Wahhabism....... 8
Do Wahhabis purport an extremist methodology or speak out against terrorism? 12
Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 16
Appendix................................................................................................................... 17
1. Wahhabi scholars regarding terrorism ............................................................... 17
2. A brief word onJihad........................................................................................... 20
3. Interview with a Wahhabi .................................................................................. 22
Suggested websites ................................................................................................... 30
Bibliography ............................................................................................................. 31
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Introduction
The world has watched in shock and horror the worrying rise in Islamic-based terrorist acts and
the spread of extremist ideology. The aeroplanes slamming into the World Trade Centre in New
York City was to change the political, economical, social and religious stability of the world,
from London through to the far reaches of the Far East such as Indonesia.
Understandably, the first immediate reaction of the world was who has done this? Whoever is
responsible must be brought to justice. Immediate suspicion was placed upon the one who
bombed the World Trade Centre in the 90s: Usamah bin Laden. When it was discovered that 15
of the 19 hijackers were from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia the spiritual home of the religion
of Islam and the homeland ofUsamah bin Laden the Kingdom and its socio-religious system
and its way of life were brought under critical scrutiny from the west. The media let loose a
barrage of accusations and declarations of war upon Saudi Arabia, causing the public to become
suspicious and angry towards them. The blame for the attacks and the consequential rise in
terrorism and extremism was laid squarely upon the Islamic methodology which is the state
religion and political system of Saudi Arabia: commonly referred to as Wahhabism. Since then,
every act of terror by Muslim extremists is consequently linked to and blamed on the Wahhabimethodology:
Wahhabism continues to be stridently linked to Al-Qaeda; the Taliban Movement; the
madrasas (religious schools) of Pakistan; the Sunni resistance in Iraq; the war in
Chechnya; unrest in Dagestan; anti-government activism in Uzbekistan; multifarious
attempted and successful bombings in Europe and elsewhere; the need for change in US
foreign policy toward Saudi Arabia; the security threat posed by mosques in the US; and,
review of the US armed forces chaplaincy policy.1
The alleged silence from those who adhered to this methodology regarding these terrorist acts
and the fact that many of the extremist groups who affiliate themselves with Wahhabi titles and
1 The Wahhabis are coming, the Wahhabis are coming! M. Reza Pirbhai, assistant professor of history at
Louisiana State University
http://www.counterpunch.org/pirbhai10272007.html
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rhetoric was enough to label the Wahhabis as solely responsible for the recent rise in terrorism
and the spread of extremist ideologies.
What I intend to do is to establish the historical context of the Wahhabi movement and its
modern-day context. Throughout the various media outlets, a wealth of information can be found
which lays the blame of the recent rise in terrorism and extremism on the Wahhabi movement.
I will analyse a few of these and take them into consideration, then investigate the Wahhabi
response. I will also interview a British post-graduate student who is studying Islamic sciences in
a Wahhabi university in Saudi Arabia for more of a knowledge-based response to the
accusations of extremism made against Wahhabism.
It is only fair to present both sides to such a debate, and it seems the Wahhabis have not been
allowed a platform to defend themselves. Given the state of fear that the western world is
gripped in at the moment from Islamic extremism, it may prove to be a useful source of
information and should hopefully give us all a better understanding of the topic from a non-
biased perspective. After analysing Wahhabi literature and its response with regards to the
recent rise in terrorism, we will see if the impression that we, the public, are given is as accurate
as we are all led to believe: that Wahhabism is violent, it is intolerant, and it is fanatical
beyond measure Wahhabism is the most extreme form of Islamic fundamentalism2
Robert C. McWhinnie
2Ground Zero and the Saudi Connection Stephen Schwartz
http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/9312/part_2/ground-zero-and-the-saudi-connection.thtml
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What is Wahhabism?
In order to understand how this term Wahhabi came into being, and to understand the mentality
of those who are adherers to the Wahhabi ideology and whether they can be linked to modern-
day extremism, it is important that we know what a Wahhabi is and where they come from.
The Term Wahhabi was a term that originated with the Muslims. It goes back to the name of a
famous Islamic scholar, a Shaykh, whose name was Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab. He was
born in 1703AD in the town of Uyaynah in the Kingdom of Saudi-Arabia.3
He noticed how
many of the Muslims had moved away from the original teachings of Islam and had allowed a
flood of innovated practices with regards to worship and religious teachings to become
common practice. These innovated practices are called in Arabic Bidah4
and are considered a
sin amongst Wahhabis. They preach a return back to the original acts of worship and religious
practices as it was done so by the early ancestral Muslims5. However, this should not be
confused with the accusation that Wahhabis oppose modernity and technological advancement
and desire live as if in the dark ages. Rather, the Wahhabis strictly call for all acts of worship
to be returned to its original monotheistic state and for Muslims to approach Islam whilst looking
at the Muslims in the time of the Prophet for the best examples of how to be good Muslims.
We interviewed Samir Debazzi, a post-graduate British student currently studying in the
Wahhabi institute; The Islamic University of Madinah, based in the city of Madinah, Saudi
Arabia. We asked him:
Question: It is said that Salafis are trying to go back in time and do not embrace
modernity, is this not the case?
Answer: This not the case at all, since the meaning of returning back to the way of the
earlier generations means with respect to the practice and implementation of the
religion, rather Muslims made great advances and contributions in many different fields,
3was born in 1115H. This is the year he was born according to the Islamic lunar calendar, which coordinates
with 1703AD. Kitab At-Tawhid Sheikh-ul-Islam Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab. Dar-us-Salam Publications.
Riyadh Saudi Arabia 1996. Page 94
ABidah literally means innovation. Any innovation with regards to religious affairs, such as specific acts of
worship and general Islamic practices, is frowned upon by the Wahhabi Muslims5
Known in Arabic asAs-Salaf us-Saalih The Pious Predecessors. One who adheres to the religion as it waspracticed by the Salaf(ancestors) refer to themselves as Salafi, and this is the more correct term as opposed to
Wahhabi, which is considered an insult by the Salafi Muslims.
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such as geography, physics, chemistry, mathematics, medicine, pharmacology,
architecture, linguistics and astronomy. Algebra and the Arabic numerals were
introduced to the world by Muslim scholars, including the zero. The Astrolabe, the
Quadrant, and other navigational devices and maps were developed by Muslim scholars
and played an important role in world progress, most notably in Europe's age of
exploration.6
Many differing groups formed, all bringing with them new ideologies, beliefs, customs and
practices, of whichMuhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab and those who followed him, were opposed
to. These groups labelled the followers of Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab: Wahhabis amocking wordplay of the end ofMuhammad bin Abdul-Wahhabs name. These labellers oppose
the Wahhabis as they felt that their alternative forms of worship and practices are Islamically
correct.
Interestingly, the name Abdul-Wahhab literally means in English The servant ofAl-Wahhab.
It is common for Muslims to have as their name Abd... servant of then proceeded by one
of the many names of God mentioned in the Quran, i.e. Allah, Ar-Rahman, Ar-Raheemetc.
Al-Wahhab is also a name of God as mentioned in the Quran:
(They say): Our Lord! Let not our hearts deviate (from the truth) after You have guided
us, and grant us mercy from You. Truly, You are Al-Wahhab (the Bestower).7
Some may question, that whilst they mock the name ofMuhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab, do they
not at the same time mock a name of God?
Saudi Arabia A Wahhabistate
Before I investigate whether Wahhabism is responsible for the recent rise in terror, I will show
the connection between Wahhabi Islam and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
6For the full interview, see the section 2 of the appendix: Interview with a Wahhabi
7The Noble Quran. Surah Al-Imran [3:8]
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In 1740AD, after accepting the teachings ofMuhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab, PrinceMuhammad
bin Saudgranted him protection in the district ofDiriyah, near modern-day Riyadh.8
This close-
knit regal and religious alliance was the founding stone that helped to shape the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia into a modern-day 21st
century theocratic religious state. When the great grandson
ofMuhammad bin SaudAbdul-Aziz bin Abdur-Rahman Al-Saud along with other members of
the House of Saud, recaptured the various regions of Arabia, they brought the tribes together
under the patronage of the House ofSaud. On September 23, 1932, the country was named the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as an Islamic state, with Arabic designated as the national language
and the Holy Quran as its constitution.9
With the historical allegiance between the ruler Muhammad bin Saudand the scholar
Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab, the interpretation and understanding of Islam as it was
propagated by Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab was now part of the national constitution and
Saudi Arabia became a theocratic state: Its rules and regulations are governed by the Holy
Quran and the Sunnah (teachings and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad).10
As a result, the
complete political, educational and economical system of Saudi Arabia was established within
the parameters set by the Islamic Law11
Usamah bin Laden: a Saudi Wahhabi?
Usamah bin Laden has been the poster boy for the alleged Wahhabi terrorists for many years.
When we see those Muslims walking around our towns and cities whom adhere to Wahhabi
Islam, some of us liken them Usamah bin Laden due to his Wahhabi appearance: long beard,
long flowing white robes, a Saudi-style headscarf, or Shamagh. But is this a justifiable likeness
for us to make? Being that much of the modern-day terrorism is connected in one form or
another with Usamah bin Laden, we must ask the question, is he a Wahhabi?
8The History of Saudi Arabia The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia, London
http://www.mofa.gov.sa/Detail.asp?InSectionID=1545&InNewsItemID=244089
Ibid10
Government The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Londonhttp://www.mofa.gov.sa/Detail.asp?InSectionID=1545&InNewsItemID=2440911
Arabic: Shareeah
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Usamah bin Laden was born in Saudi Arabia into a large family who were from Yemen
(neighbouring country to the Kingdom). After moving to Saudi Arabia his father built the family
into the richest non-royal family in Saudi Arabia by being contracted by the Saudi royal family
with major national construction projects. Whilst attending a university in Jeddah, the
international port of Saudi Arabia, bin Laden was educated by dissenting radical extremist
teachers.12
From here he was involved financially in funding the Muslim fighters in Afghanistan
to fight off the Soviets and eventually saw a little combat himself. As we are all aware, this led to
his destructive path of extremism. Saudi Arabia in due course revoked his citizenship.
Because bin Laden was born and raised in a Wahhabi country like Saudi Arabia, it is assumedthat he is a Wahhabi also.
13However, as mentioned before Usamah bin Laden is not a Saudi by
birth. He was born and grew up a Yemeni and although they are Arabs, the Yemenis do not hold
a strong social status amongst the Saudis. So bin Laden may never have really felt an affiliation
to Saudi Arabia from a nationalistic perspective, thus nullifying the repeated emphasis that he is
a Saudi Arabian.
According to Haneef James Oliver, Usamah bin Ladens family hailed from a region in Yemen
(Hadramout) which is known to be the spiritual home for the Muslim group: the Sufis.14 The
Sufis are in the complete opposite to the Wahhabis and the Wahhabis have vast amounts of
literature which attack the Sufis on the basis that they have many innovated forms of worship15.
Any Muslim who adheres to the Wahhabi or Salafi methodology of Islam takes great pains in
differentiating with regards to matters of creed: from what acts of worship and practices are
authentically confirmed in the ancient texts to what is a newly invented Bidah, and warning
against that. This is not the case with Usamah bin Laden as he has been documented as praising
acts of worship which are a Sufi practice, and speaking of the act as if it were acceptable16. This
is something that a Wahhabi would never do.
12The Most Wanted Man is Back Lisa Beyer http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101010924/wosama.html
13 Osama Bin Laden, named by US officials as the main suspect for the 11 September against America, is Saudi
born and a Wahhabi. From the article Analysis: Inside Wahhabi Islam by Roger Hardy
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/1571144.stm14
The Wahhabi Myth Haneef James Oliver. Page 1515
See page 4 for information on innovation: Bidah16
Ibid, page 17
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In retrospect, extremists claiming to be Wahhabis were a rarity and these so-called extremist
Wahhabi groups that we hear of today have roots that go back to other groups and individuals
who were (and still are in some aspects) in direct ideological, sometimes physical warfare with
the Wahhabis. It has been suggested that this recent phenomenon of extremists affiliating
themselves with Wahhabi/Salafi titles and using Wahhabi literature to justify their actions and
ideologies became more widespread after Muslim fighters fought a bloody 13 year war in
Afghanistan20
.
most scholars date the ascendancy of militancy within the wider Salafi community to the
war of resistance against the soviet occupation of Afghanistan during the 1980s. Congressional Research Service
21
At the time of the Jihadagainst the Soviets, Muslims from around the world who aspired to
defend the liberty and religion of their fellow Muslims in Afghanistan from the Communists
were encouraged by both Muslim and Western democratic countries to go to Afghanistan to
become a part of the resistance against the Soviets. At the time the Muslim guerrilla fighters
were deemed by the West to be freedom fighters, as they were meeting the Western agenda to
defeat Communism and thus provided funding and training for the guerrilla fighters. President
Ronald Reagan himself said, To watch the courageous Afghan freedom fighters battle modern
arsenals with simple hand-held weapons is an inspiration to those who love freedom.22
However, after the Soviets retreated and the Communist regime were ousted, many of the
different factions of the Mujahideen (Muslim soldiers) who had a variety of conflicting
theological practices and political goals turned on each other and created a civil war, which
lasted until the Taliban regime took control.
A contributor to the Jihad against the Soviets was Saudi Arabia. They provided volunteers,
training, funding and religious instruction via scholars and teachers throughout. Usamah bin
20(1979 1989) to repel the Soviet Union and the further civil war to expel the Afghan Communist regime (1989
1992).21
Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report The Islamic Traditions of Wahhabism and Salafyya
Christopher M Blanchard http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/81366.pdf22
Message on the Observance of Afghanistan Day March 23rd
1983 President Ronald Reagan
http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/32183e.htm.
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Laden controlled a particular faction which was all Arab and received funding from Saudi Arabia
and indirect funding from the United States23
. This could have been what propelled some fighters
to become aware ofWahhabi tendencies and practices, and were more than likely attracted by
authenticity of the Wahhabi methodology and how it returns all affairs back to the scriptures
for validation. However, when civil war broke out, many factions formed a united front in order
to annihilate the Wahhabi factions.
It was from here many fighters left and went to enlist in further battles such as Bosnia, Chechnya
etc. Usamah bin Laden remained close with his particular faction, and formed what is known as
Al-Qaeda which started as a database of fighters. However, having returned home after manyyears of war and many of them being treated with suspicion and hostility from their own
governments, were left feeling disenfranchised by the influence of the West throughout Muslim
lands. They became emotional and angry towards their countries and begun to take on board
teachings from speakers and teachers who catered for their anger.
A new breed of terrorists who were gowned in the garments of the Wahhabis started to emerge.
They would use the works of traditional Islamic scholars of which the Wahhabis also used, but
entirely out of context, and combine that with the works of so-called revolutionary writers
which catered for much of the dissatisfaction of Muslims worldwide, regarding their poor social
footing in a global sense, in order to gain the support of normally law abiding Muslims
throughout the world.
From these revolutionary writers, those who were more prominent was an Egyptian by the
name of Sayyid Qutb, his mentor Hassan Al-Banna and their spiritual leader Sayd Abu Ala
Maududi who was Pakistani. These individuals would go on to build the foundations ofIkhwan
ul-Muslimeen (The Muslim Brotherhood) which was a political, revolutionary group who
propagated that salvations lies in the removal of the current rulers and monarchs of the Muslim
lands and replacing them with rulers who adhered to the Islamic system of rule24. This removal
consisted of Communist-style revolutions, overthrowing governments and the assassination of
23Although this is a subject of much dispute.
24Arabic: Khilaafah
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the rulers as well as anyone who opposed them. Due to his dangerous political ideology and after
the attempted assassination of the second president of Egypt General Gamal Abdul Nassir, Qutb
was executed and proclaimed as a martyr by his supporters. Eventually his continuing and
growing ideology led to the assassination of the third President,Anwar Al-Sadat.
It is in the works of Sayyid Qutb and Hassan Al-Banna that the true seeds of modern-day
extremism can be found. Wahhabi scholars and organisations worldwide have published and
distributed countless numbers of works exposing Qutb and Al-Banna and how their dangerous
and deviated works are alien to the essence of Islam, yet due to the deviations of the likes of
Usamah bin Laden, Hamza The Hook Al-Misri25
, Abdullah The Jamaican Faisal26
, AnwarAl-Awlaki
27, Umar Bakri The Tottenham Ayatollah Muhammad
28and many others,
Wahhabism has now become synonymous with Qutbism. This is a case of extremist
Qutbists coming adorned in the gowns of Wahhabism in order to gain more mainstream
support from the generally unaware masses who do not have the knowledge or ability to
differentiate between the two opposing ideologies, thus provoking emotional responses and
anger amongst them towards governments, rulers and the West.
Throughout the media, Sayyid Qutb is claimed to be a leading Islamic Wahhabi/Salafi scholar
and there seems to be a lack of distinction between Sayyid Qutb and the mainstream Wahhabi
scholars, leading one to believe that Sayyid Qutb and the extremists hordes are
Wahhabi/Salafi.29
25Mustafa Kamel Mustafa. Born in Egypt in 1958 and claims to have his left eye permanently damaged, as well as
his arms and other injuries clearing mines in Afghanistan. Former head of Finsbury Park Mosque and the group
Supporters of Shariah. Currently in prison for instigation of acts of terrorism.26 Trevor William Forest. Born in Jamaica 1968. A Muslim convert and self-appointed Shaykh. Spent many yearsin the UK inciting hatred and terrorism to both Muslims and non-Muslims. Served a prison sentence for soliciting
murder, and was deported to Jamaica upon release in 2008.27
Born in Mexico 1971 to an Arab family. Soon became a religious leader in adulthood and was heavily influenced
by extremist leaders and by the writings of Sayyid Qutb (see page 15). Continues to justify the removal of rulers of
Muslim countries with as much bloodshed as possible.28
Umar Bakri Fustuq. Born in Syria1958. The head of the outlawed groupsAl-Muhajiroun,Al-Ghurabaa and
Islam4UK. Left the country in 2006 for Lebanon after rumours surfaced he could be prosecuted for serious crimes.
His British citizenship was revoked by the then British Home Secretary Charles Clarke. Currently held by Lebanese
authorities who wish to hand him a life sentence on terrorism charges.29
...Sayyid Qutb, the most important Salafi thinker of the past half-century and a popular author in the Muslimworld even today, nearly 40 years after his death. Gods and Monster Michael Scott Dolan. The Guardian
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2001/dec/08/artsandhumanities.highereducation?INTCMP=SRCH
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In the bookThe Rise of Jihadist Extremism in the West we find this said about Sayyid Qutb:
Sayyid Qutb: The Chief Jihadist Ideologue
Sayyid Qutb is the most important figurehead of the modern-day extremist-Jihadist global
movement. No one has influenced the Jihadist methodology and revolutionary ideology over the
last century more than Qutb, so much so that religious academics, Muslim and non-Muslim
alike, have labelled this Jihadist phenomenon as Qutbism. From the Algerian FIS and GIA to
Hamas and Islamic Jihad; from al-Muhajiroun to Al-Qaeda and the Iraqi insurgency, all have
been directly influenced by the writings and teachings of Sayyid Qutb; the same applies to Abu
Qatadah, Abu Hamza, Anwar al-Awlaki, Abdullah Faisal, Ibn Laden and Az-Zawarihi.30
Do Wahhabispurport an extremist methodology or speak out against
terrorism?
The short answer is no, they do not purport an extremist methodology and the highly regarded
Islamic Wahhabi scholars (including the great grandchildren ofShaykhMuhammad bin Abdul-
Wahhab whom teach in Saudi Arabia today) have time and again strenuously warned against
terrorism and acts of extremism. Whilst the Wahhabis do not shy away from the fact that the
Jihad, as it is understood in the scriptures, are a part of the religion of Islam, they make it very
clear that it takes different forms, and the Jihad that requires fighting or combat is legislated in
specific times and places (such as in self-defence) and even that is also heavily regulated31
. It
certainly does not consist of killing non-combatants, women, children, livestock, crops, treachery
and suicide bombings! Just like you find in most countries, throughout periods of time and
civilisations, the Islamic state also aims to have a military wing which defends its borders and
people.
I will now present some statements from various Wahhabi scholars in summary, in order to
show that the reality of the Wahhabi approach to terrorism is in actuality a direct ideological
attack on all those who condone or partake in terrorism and extremism rather than being a cause
30The Rise of Jihadist Extremism in the West Salafi Publications, p.24 25
31See Appendix: A brief word on Jihad
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for the recent rise in terrorism. The book published by Salafi Publications: Islamic
Condemnation of Terrorists, Hijackers & Suicide Bombers contains various articles and
statements from various major scholars whom all Wahhabis regard highly, from all the leading
Wahhabi scholars of the Middle East to the average layman on the streets of London.
All Wahhabis look up to with the greatest amount of respect and humbleness to these two
specific scholars whose statements I have analysed regarding this topic. They are Shaykh Abdul-
Azeez bin Baz and Shaykh Muhammad bin Salih Al-Uthaymeen. If the accusations that
Wahhabis are responsible for the recent rise in terrorism are to be true, then these two highly
regarded leading figureheads of the modern-day Wahhabi movement will demonstrate this intheir teachings and interpretations of the scriptures of Islam.
32
What we find from the Shaykh, Abdul-Azeez bin Baz, whom was the former leading cleric,
Mufti, of Saudi Arabia and died 13th May 1999, is that he was staunchly and strenuously
opposed to all acts of terror, murder, extremism and suicide missions! He advised Muslims
worldwide not to co-operate with such criminals, nor communicate with them, rather, they are
to be cut off and warned against their evil. In fact, Shaykhbin Baz regards such terrorists as
brothers of the Devils!
While the UK was granting refuge to known terrorist and extremist agitators in the 90s, Shaykh
bin Baz addressed the danger ofUsamah bin Laden, his supporters (some of whom were in the
UK) and the corruption they were spreading throughout. He regarded the call of bin Laden as
corrupt and misguided and bin Laden and his ilk are deemed as callers to great evil and
immense corruption and the general masses are advised to warn and destroy their publications
and to not co-operate with them in anything.Bin Baz finally advises bin Laden and his like to
leave alone this disastrous path, and to fear Allaah and to beware of His revenge
As for the common practice of terrorists to hijack airplanes, kidnappings and bombings, then
Shaykh bin Baz said that such acts are extreme great crimes, the world over and advises
32For full statements and quotations, see the appendix Wahhabi scholars regarding terrorism
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governments and those responsible from amongst the scholars and other than them to exert
themselves as much as possible in ending this evil.
The other leading scholar from the Wahhabi methodology, the Shaykh, Muhammad bin Salih
Al-Uthaymeen, also demonstrates that terrorism is totally unrelated to the Wahhabis. With
regards to suicide bombings, then his opinion was that those who tie explosives to themselves is
neither a hero or a martyr, but a criminal who has committed an atrocity by way of committing
suicide, so whoever commits suicide then he will be considered eternally to Hell-Fire.Shaykh
Al-Uthaymeen comes to the conclusion that these explosive acts of suicide where a handful of
people die usually women and children will probably make the enemy more determined, andthis action will provoke malice and bitterness to such an extent that he may seek to wreak havoc
upon the Muslims.ShaykhAl-Uthaymeen expands upon this and demonstrates that when one
Palestinian blows himself up and kills six or seven people, then in retaliation they [the Israelis]
take sixty or more. The Shaykh emphasises that the one who becomes a suicide bomber has in
fact wrongfully committed suicide this person is not a martyr.
ShaykhAl-Uthaymeen also speaks of the typical heinous act of attacking the enemy via blowing
themselves up in a car, of which the Shaykh also regards as simply an act of suicide and not a
form of martyrdom in any way, shape or form. Regarding these people blowing themselves up,
the Shaykh refers the Holy Quran and says:
And from that which is surprising, is that these people kill themselves despite Allaah having
forbidden this, as He says:
And do not kill yourselves. Surely Allaah is Most Merciful to you
Surah an-Nisa [4]:59
The Shaykh explains that such people have complete disregard for what is allowed and forbidden
in the Islamic legislation regarding fighting and combat. These people who commit such terrorist
acts do not desire anything except revenge of the enemy, by whatever means , and all of thisin
order to satisfy their thirst for revenge.
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The common act of these so-called Wahhabi extremist groups such as those we see in the
media gathering at the places where British soldiers are returning from war to parade in town
centres, chanting slogans, curses and carrying placards with statements which are disrespectful to
the soldiers and the British public, is a complete contrast to what this eminent Wahhabi scholar
advises the Muslims living in non-Muslim lands. ShaykhAl-Uthaymeen advises the Muslims to
have respect and courtesy towards the non-Muslims when residing in their lands for there is an
agreement between you and them. For the non-Muslim lands, such as the UK and US could
choose to persecute or expel the Muslims from their lands, So preserve this agreement, and do
not prove treacherous to it, since treachery is a sign of the hypocrites, and it is not from the wayof the believers. The Shaykh uses scriptural evidence from a reported statement of the Prophet
Muhammad to highlight the great crime of killing someone of which you have an agreement
with (such as the July 7th bombings in London, 2005, and the September 11th attacks in New
York, 2001): the Prophet said: Whoever kills one who is under an agreement of protection will
not smell the fragrance of Paradise.
ShaykhAl-Uthaymeen concludes that the claim of the extremists that the blood and wealth of
the non-Muslims is lawful to take by way of force and murder, is a lie. A lie about Allaahs
religion, and a lie in Islamic societies.
The opinions and statements made by these two individuals can be generalised to all those who
adhere to the Salafi/Wahhabi methodology, for these two scholars are highly regarded and
referred to and will continue to be so for many years to come. What they have expressed and
advised with regards to terrorism is far from the accusations of those who oppose them. The
Wahhabi approach to terrorism and extremism is far from the claim that they are responsible of
the rise in terrorism.
The fact that these two enormous figures in the Muslim world passed away before the major
terrorist atrocities that have occurred since September 2001, but there words are still applicable
and referenced frequently by Wahhabis worldwide, including Saudi Arabia on a governmental
scale. The Wahhabis are free from the accusations of terror and extremism.
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Conclusion
Whether it is wilful arrogance, or innocent ignorance, I find it highly unsettling that the
Wahhabis en masse are being labelled and blamed for acts of extremism and terrorism when
the true position of those who are genuinely Wahhabi in every sense of the word are only a
simple click away on the internet. There is no doubt that there are those extremist elements, as I
mentioned previously who are trying to hijack the Salafi/Wahhabi methodology to gain support
from the unaware and disenfranchised mass of Muslims throughout the world. But as much as
these extremists attempt to claim to be Salafi/Wahhabi, time and again their false claims are
severely refuted by the true Salafi/Wahhabis. Yet, these facts are ignored by the mass media,
and the more the Wahhabis attempt to free themselves from atrocities, there are those, such as
Stephen Schwartz, who are given precedence in the media to speak as an expert on the
Wahhabis and slander them with statements such as Not all Muslims are suicide bombers, but
all Muslim suicide bombers are Wahhabis33. Taking a sweeping, slanderous statement such as
this, and comparing it to the true position of the most prominent ofWahhabi scholars this age
has seen (Shaykhbin Baz and ShaykhAl-Uthaymeen), one should be able to easily ascertain that
there is certainly an underlining hatred and rejection of the Wahhabi methodology.
Is it fair that the Wahhabis are not given the platform to defend themselves in the face of such a
torrent of accusations? Is it fair that whenever a matter arises regarding Islam and the Muslims,
the first place that the mass media will go to for the Islamist perspective is either the hate-
spouting extremists, or those Muslims who sacrifice much from their religion in the name of
integration and public image?
Is it fair that Wahhabis up and down the country feel like this tolerant country has gone back
in time forty years, and again we are beginning to see and hear racist, arrogant and bigoted
attitudes beginning to solidify with a good helping of an official public pardon from the mass
media? Reports of Muslim women being attacked with baseball bats for wearing the Hijab,
mothers and their children having bottles of beer thrown over them, Mosques being firebombed
and its attendees being attacked going to and leaving from worship. Face veils which have been
33Ground Zero and the Saudi Connection Stephen Schwartz
http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/9312/part_2/ground-zero-and-the-saudi-connection.thtml
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worn by many Muslim women for decades are suddenly now a major social barrier issue and
should be banned. Men, women and children up and down the country being laughed at, spat
upon, mocked, attacked, jeered, sneered, rejected and refused, because it so happens a very
small, extreme idiotic few whom resemble the Wahhabis in appearance happen to look like
them?
Over the past few months of research, I have come across a number of Wahhabi organisations
both here in the UK and internationally (with the organisation Salafi Publications who are based
in Birmingham, UK, being the more prominent both here and internationally) whom have a vast
wealth of information and clarification on the true Islamic stance regarding terrorism (as well asmany other matters relating to Islam and common misconceptions). I find it entirely surprising
and saddening that in this day and age despite the great advances that we have made in
technology, access to information and educational development, we still, generally as a nation,
choose to forget all that, and simply point the finger at those who we thinkare the criminals, and
persecute them regardless of what they say.
I only hope that this minute effort I have made in preparing this paper will help to raise some
level of awareness in those who read this.
Appendix
1. Wahhabi scholars regarding terrorism
Shaykh Abdul-Azeez bin Baz Former Mufti of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (died13
thMay 1999)
- On terrorists and their groups:they are not to be co-operated with, nor are they to be given salutations [N.B. the Islamic
greeting of As-Salaamu alaykum peace be onto you]. Rather, they are to be cut off from, and
the people are to be warned against their evil. Since they are a tribulation and are harmful to the
Muslims, and they are the brothers of the Devils!
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Shaykh Muhammad bin Salih Al-Uthaymeen (died January 5th
2001)
- On suicide bombingsas for what some people do tying explosives to themselves and then approaching
unbelievers and detonating amongst them, then this is a case of suicide So whoever commits
suicide then he will be considered eternally to Hell-Fire
if he kills himself along with ten, or a hundred, or two hundred people, then Islaam will not
benefit by that, since the people will not accept Islaam Rather it will probably just make the
enemy more determined, and this action will provoke malice and bitterness to such an extent that
he may seek to wreak havoc upon the Muslims.
when one Palestinian blows himself up and kills six or seven people, then in retaliation they
take sixty or more.
those people who perform these suicide (bombings) have wrongfully committed suicide this
person is not a martyr.
- Attacking the enemy by blowing up carsthis type of suicide is well known and widespread amongst the people And from that which
is surprising, is that these people kill themselves despite Allaah having forbidden this, as He
says:
And do not kill yourselves. Surely Allaah is Most Merciful to you
Surah an-Nisa [4]:59
And many amongst them do not desire anything except revenge of the enemy, by whatever
means, be it halal (permissible) or haraam (impermissible). So they only want to satisfy their
thirst for revenge.
- Dealing with non-Muslims and living in non-Muslim landsLikewise I invite you to have respect for those people who have the right they should be
respected, from those between you (meaning Muslims) and whom there is an agreement (of
protection) [i.e. non-Muslims]. For the land you are living in is such that there is an agreement
between you and them. If this were not the case they would have killed you and expelled you. So
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preserve this agreement, and do not prove treacherous to it, since treachery is a sign of the
hypocrites, and it is not from the way of the believers.
And know that it is authentically reported from the Prophet that he said; Whoever kills one
who is under an agreement of protection will not smell the fragrance of Paradise.
Do not be fooled by those sayings of the foolish people: those who say: Those people are non-
Muslims. So their wealth is lawful for us [i.e. to misappropriate or take by way of murdering and
killing]. For by Allaah this is a lie. A lie about Allaahs religion, and a lie in Islamic
societies.
O my brother Muslims! O youth! Be true in our sayings with your brothers, and with those non-
Muslims whom you live along with
2. A brief word on Jihad
Modern-day Muslim terrorists claim that they are waging a Jihadagainst the non-Muslims, so it
is important to clarify the use and terminology of the word Jihad. While Jihad does mean at
times holy war, both Muslims and non-Muslims alike forget, neglect or just do not realise that
Jihadcan have a variety of meanings and it is more linguistically correct to translate Jihadas to
struggle. Being an Arabic word, the construct of the word has a root form, and it goes back to
the root verb Jahada. Looking in an Arabic-English dictionary I am told to go to the word
Ijtahada to know whatJahada means:
To strive, endeavour, try hard, make every effort, attempt strenuously, take pains; to be
or become diligent, sedulous, assiduous, hardworking, industrious; to strain, exert
oneself, put oneself out, work (too) hard.34
So Jihad is regarded as something that is fought by Muslims throughout their lives, firstly
against themselves and their own desire to sin and commit acts such as lying or adultery which
34Al-Mawrid Arabic-English Dictionary. p.38
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are frowned upon in Islam. When one goes out to work, to strive, to feed the family, this is also
regarded as a Jihad. Ultimately, when a Muslim is in the ranks of a Muslim Army under
legitimate leadership, or one has had his land invaded by oppressive or enemy forces, or is
defending himself when attacked on the street, when fighting in such situations this is regarded
as one of the highest forms of Jihad (the other being calling the people to worship God
Almighty). With this form ofJihad there are a series of rules and regulations which must be
adhered to in order for it to be an accepted legitimate Jihad. For example, the Prophet
Muhammad used to advise the Muslims before entering into any battle,
Proceed in the Name of Allah and for Allah and upon the Religion of AllahsMessenger: Do not kill the very old or a child or a woman and do not press heavily by
exceeding the limits. Collect the (war) booty, reconcile, and do good as Allah loves the
good doers.35
There are other similar rulings found in the ancient texts that rule that trees must not be cut
down, animals must not be killed, agriculture must not be destroyed, those who are prisoners of
war must not be chained or shackled. They must be clothed with your clothes and fed from the
same plate as you. Any combatant who asks for mercy or surrenders on the battlefield must be
cared for, looked after and protected. The places of worship such as churches or synagogues and
its worshippers must be left alone and protected. At the time of battle, the battle must be accurate
and swift, with the forbiddance of torture or prolonged excessive pain (such as what you see
taking place in modern-day combat zones, where extremists will slowly and mercilessly cut off
the heads of their murder victims, including non-combatants and women!)
This is in stark contrast to what we hear in the media as to what has taken place in Iraq,
Afghanistan, New York City, London, Morocco, Algeria, Madrid, Pakistan, India, Palestine,
Indonesia and anywhere else that these terrorists have committed atrocities. The majority of the
time the victims are women and children who are killed indiscriminately, people who may
actually be sympathetic to the plight of Iraqi children or Palestinians, people who have never
taken up arms against any Muslim and may never in their lifetime.
35Jihad in the Quran and Sunnah Sheikh Abdullah bin Muhammad Humaid, p.37-38
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3. Interview with a Wahhabi
Could you tell us a little about yourself, i.e. your name, where do you come from, andhow long have you been a Wahhabi/Salafi for?
My name is Samir Debbazi. I come from England. I have been a Salafi for about 12 years
Are you or your family converts to Islam?My father was born and raised a Muslim. My mother is a convert; she converted about 30 yearsago.
In your view, where does the term Wahhabi come from and is it deemed offensive? The word Wahhabism is in fact nothing but a meaningless appellation which is used by people
in two cases: The term Wahhabism is often used to describe those who closely stick to the
verses of the Quran and the narrations of the Prophet Muhammad (MayAllah raise his rank and
grant him peace) in all religious affairs. Consequently, instead of directly attacking Islam for
those things that do not appeal to their desires, they call anyone who follows these texts
Wahhabis.
Another different and contemporary usage has appeared for this term. Anybody who belongs to
any of the current Qutbisttype groups or movements that call for political overthrows, endless
blind purportedJihads which are based upon principles other than those found in Islam and led
by people who have no knowledge based background in Islamic scholarship, are entered into a
giant umbrella group called Wahhabism. This is done even though these are followers of
Sayyid Qutb despise the Salafi/Wahhabi scholars and their creed.
Hence, in the first case, Wahhabism is used to mean anything I don't like about Islam, and in
the second case, anything I don't like about what the contemporary Qutbist movements do;
things that have no basis in Islam.
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Would it be more respectful to refer to those of the Wahhabi methodology as Salafi?Yes
What exactly is the Salafi/Wahhabi way and what distinguishes it from moreallegedly moderate groups such as the Sufis?
The correct way of referring to them is by terming them Salafis, as they are those who adhere to
the way of the Salaf- the Prophet Muhammad (mayAllah raise his rank and grant him peace)
and his companions.
Following the way of the Salaf is the way which has been legislated in the Quran and Sunnah,
the very sources of Islam. The Prophet (MayAllah raise his rank and grant him peace) said to his
daughter Fatimah: Indeed, I am for you a blessed Salaf.
When asked about which was the correct and acceptable way of understanding Islam, the
Prophet (MayAllah raise his rank and grant him peace) replied by saying: That which I and
my companions are upon.
Similarly,Allah says in the Quran that He is pleased with the companions
...and also those who follow them exactly (in faith).
As such, He said regarding the Prophet (MayAllah raise his rank and grant him security) and his
companions:
So if they believe as you (i.e. the Salaf) believe, they are indeed rightly guided.
All of the orthodox scholars of Islam followed the way of the Salafin understanding religion.
This returning back to the ways of the early generations, it is said that Salafis aretrying to go back in time and do not embrace modernity, is this the case?
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This not the case at all, since the meaning of returning back to the way of the earlier generations
means with respect to the practice and implementation of the religion, rather Muslims made great
advances and contributions in many different fields, such as geography, physics, chemistry,
mathematics, medicine, pharmacology, architecture, linguistics and astronomy. Algebra and the
Arabic numerals were introduced to the world by Muslim scholars, including the zero. The
Astrolabe, the Quadrant, and other navigational devices and maps were developed by Muslim
scholars and played an important role in world progress, most notably in Europe's age of
exploration.
How long have you been in Saudi Arabia, and what is it that you are studying outhere?
I have been out here for 8 years, I am studying the correct methodology of the propagation of
Islam and its application in modern times.
As explained before in my introduction letter, I am preparing a dissertation titled: IsWahhabism responsible for the recent rise in terrorism. What prompted me to take
this as a topic is the common theme that is found in the media that those of the
Wahhabi brand of Islam are proponents of terror and extremism. What is your view
on the accusation that Salafis are proponents of intolerance and terror?
My view is that this is complete nonsense. Salafis around the world take their knowledge from
the same pool of scholars, and you will never hear of our scholars condoning or praising any acts
of terror or extremism, so likewise you will never find us who affiliate ourselves with this
blessed methodology condoning or praising acts of murder, suicide bombings and the likes of
this, regardless of the reasons or circumstances behind these acts. Our esteemed and late scholar,
Shaykh Al-Uthaymeen had a tele-link with the Muslims in Birmingham in July 2000, and in this
tele-link, he strongly warned the Muslims in the UK and non-Muslim lands generally against
agitating and committing acts of treachery or terror against the people of the lands in which we
reside. This is because we Muslims have been allowed to stay in these lands, and allowed to
continue to worship and call to Islam. The US and UK government could easily outlaw Islam
and turn the Muslims out, but they havent. So it is not for any of us to now rise up against our
hosts with violence and terror. This is not from Islam, and completely forbidden! We have a
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sacred agreement with our hosts that must be honoured and protected. The Prophet (May Allah
raise his rank and grant him peace) said:
Whoever kills one who is under and agreement of protection will not smell the fragrance of
Paradise.
Jihadist groups such as the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (GIA), the Al-QaedaOrganization in the Islamic Maghreb formerly known as The Salafist Group for
Preaching and Combat (GSPC), Al-Qaeda in Iraq, Al-Shabaab in Somalia and in
the UK Al-Muhajiroun, or Islam4UK as they are known as now, all claim that they
are in fact followers of the Salafi way. They claim that they call to Tawheed and
Dawah, but they also claim that they combine this with Shariah Law and Jihad,
elements which they accuse moderate Salafis (such as scholars in Saudi Arabia and
organizations like Spubs) of abandoning. What are your thoughts on this?
Shaykh Abdul-Maalik ar-Ramadani al-Jazaairee is a Salafi scholar of Algerian descent who
has much insight into the tragedy that befell Algeria at the hands of terrorists. He was asked
about these groups the GIA and the GSPC, and his response can be made applicable to all of
these extremist groups who affiliate themselves with Salafiyyah such as the ones you mentioned.
He said:
How can, with all of this, making permissible the blood of the police and killing them, be clean
(i.e. permitted)? Then they live on stolen monies which have been ransacked from people by
force! They destroy the souls of the Muslim soldiers As a result, we do not however absolve
ourselves from Salafiyyah as it is the truth, yet we absolve ourselves for Allaah from the
Salafist Group for Dawah and Combat and from all those who grasp weapons today in our
country against the system or the people.
I say this so that the creation know that the ascription of those revolutionary groups (i.e. the
GSPC) to Salafiyyah is a distortion of Salafiyyah, just as how ascribing deviant Muslims to Islam
is also a distortion of Islam, blocking the true path of Allaah and causing people to flee from the
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victorious ones (firqat un-Naajiyah). However, Salafiyyah is Salafiyyah, just as Islaam is Islaam,
even though it is distorted by the deviants.36
Is it possible that these groups may have derived or interpreted their understanding ofIslam and interpretation of extremist acts from the works of early Salafi scholars such
as Ibn Taymeeyah and Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab? If not, then why not?
Not at all. Our scholar, Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzaan, clarified this issue in the media here in Saudi.
He said:
Some of the hypocrites and ignoramuses claim that the Muslim schools taught them this
ideology, and that the teaching methodologies (curriculums) comprise such a deviated ideology,
and they request change in the methodologies of teaching. We say (in response): Indeed, the
proponents of this ideology (of terrorism) did not graduate from the Muslim schools, nor did they
take knowledge from the Muslim scholars because they (themselves) declare as unlawful
studying in these schools, institutes and faculties.
So if they didnt receive their understanding from the works of the Salafi scholars,from whom did they receive this ideology? (Sayyid Qutb, Mauwdudi, Al-Banna etc)
The real proponents of this deviated, murderous mentality comes from the books ofSayyid Qutb,
Ayman Az-Zawahiri [Usamah bin Ladens second-in-command], Hassan Al-Banna, Abu Ala
Mouwdudi and all of these individuals constructed and are affiliated with the group Ikhwan ul-
Muslimeen who has its roots in Egypt.
Are these individuals or organisations that you mentioned not upon the Salafimethodology?
Not in the slightest.
36Al-Akaabir fi maa Uhdira min Dimaa fil-Jazaair [The Legal Verdicts of the Senior Scholars Regarding
the Killings in Algeria] - (Cairo: Daar Imam Ahmad, 1426 AH/2005 CE), p.16-17
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So what group then do these extremist elements who claim to be Salafi actually fallunder? Can you elaborate on this/these group(s)?
The Khawaarij, literally translated as The Rebels. They are a group who have been around
since the time of the Prophets Companions. They revolted against the Muslim rulers, killed
civilians, harmed and murdered not only those whom they consider 'non-Muslim' but even
Muslims who have fallen into sin. They are an extremist group who have surfaced throughout the
ages. The fact is that it has always been the Salafis who have warned against them in their
writings, their books, their lectures and in recent times by recordings, radio announcements and
so forth.
So in your view, the claim that the recent rise in terrorism is not stemming fromWahhabism, but from these groups who are attempting to hijack the Wahhabi/Salafi
banner?
Without a shadow of a doubt.
Is Usamah bin Laden and his organisation Salafi?No. Far from it!
Have you ever personally had any confrontations with members of these groups anddid you manage to get across the true Salafi methodology as you see it to them?
Yes. I am from Tottenham in North London and, unfortunately, me and my fellow Salafi
brothers and sisters were surrounded by the worst of these groups at one time or another. In
Tottenham we had Umar Bakri and his groupAl-Muhajiroun, in Edmonton we had Abdullah Al-
Faisal the Jamaican and up the road in Finsbury Park we had Abu Hamza Al-Misri. They all had
a large following, and we would constantly find ourselves having to defend the religion of Islam
against the filth they were spreading. We now have an organisation in Tottenham called The
Light of Islaam Tottenham Dawah, and we have aligned themselves with other Salafi
organisations in the UK. We have worked hard in clarifying Islam to the people, and freeing
Islam from the extremists and the lies purported by them. Since we set up in 2004, we have
gladly watched these extremists fizzle away as their leaders were arrested and organisations
outlawed. Good riddance!
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In the media we are led to believe that Saudi Arabia is brimming with Mosques thatcontinuously put out the message that is deemed to be of hatred to non-Muslims and
non-conforming Muslims, to the downfall of the West generally and America
specifically. Is this a reality?
There was a time where the Muslim Brotherhood Ikhwan ul-Muslimeen had infiltrated a
number of organisations, such as summer camps, and they had exploited this and a number of
people did get caught up in extremist activities. However, the Saudi authorities had caught them
out and they were prosecuted accordingly. As for Imams and preachers spouting hate from the
pulpits in the Mosques, then this has also taken place, but there are special Anti-Terror
investigation units whose role it is to seek these people out, and they are shut down and arrested
immediately. Some have slipped through the net, no doubt, but it is government policy to shut
down such activities rather than promote them and allow for them to take place.
It should be noted though that whenever these extremist elements have been caught out, the link
has always led back to the Muslim Brotherhoodorganisation. As pointed out by the Saudi
Interior Minister, Prince Naif bin Abdul-Aziz to the Kuwaiti newspaper 'Al-Siyasa'in which he
said, All our problems stem from the Muslim Brotherhood.
As a Westerner, are you treated with suspicion by the locals and the authorities? Howdo you find it living there?
No. I have been treated with the upmost respect and honoured as a guest here.
It is claimed that Saudi Arabia and its Wahhabi religious establishment does not doenough to speak out and deal with the issue of terrorism, rather it is claimed that they
fuel it. What is the reality of the Saudi Arabian authorities and its religious
establishment towards terrorism and extremism and do they combat it?
The reality is that Saudi Arabia has done more in combating the recent rise in terror probably
more so than any other country on earth. Thousands of extremists have been arrested and put on
trial here. Thousands of them renounced their ways and are under strict observation programmes
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where their activities are monitored. Those elements that was directly involved or responsible for
terrorist acts or murder have been either imprisoned or executed according to Islamic Law for the
crime of murder accordingly.
In fact, a few years ago, King Abdullah offered an amnesty. He gave exactly one month for all
suspected terrorists to hand themselves in to the Saudi authorities and they will not be sentenced
with capital punishment, but a prison sentence and an opportunity to join the reform programme
which was set up by Prince Naif, the Ministry Interior. By the time the month was up, thousands
had handed themselves in, some were actually in the safe haven of other Arab countries, but they
chose to jump on a plane and hand themselves in to the Saudi authorities. The amnesty was so
successful, that the King extended it for a further few weeks, and more had handed themselves
in. Have you ever heard of anything like that in the US and the UK? After the amnesty was up,
the authorities and specialist anti-terror squads sought out the remaining terrorist suspects and
rained upon them fire!
The Saudi authorities works very closely with the religious establishment here in the Kingdom,
and the making offatwas or religious rulings, which turn out to be an extremist element are
criminalised and diminished.
So to suggest the Saudi Arabia has not being playing a part in combating extremism and
terrorism is entirely inaccurate. While Britain was granting asylum to extremist elements in the
80s and 90s, Saudi Arabia was warning against these individuals and their message of terror. But
it was either ignored, or fell on deaf ears.
So Saudi Arabia and the Islamic scholars have been warning against such individualsfor some time, before September 11
th
?The Islamic scholars have been warning about the likes of these individuals for hundreds of
years, rather the Prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessing ofAllah be upon him) warned about
these types of people by name and then by way of warning against their ideology.
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Are there not any establishments in the UK who are Salafi and publically speak outand refute the extremist elements?
Yes. The main one in the UK is Salafi Publications. There are others, but this one is the more
prominent one.
So why do we not hear of anything from them in the mass media? All we seem to hear are fellow Muslims condemning terrorism and blaming the Wahhabis for extreme
ideologies.
There have been some reports, I know there was an article about the anti-terror conferences
arranged by Salafi Publications, but the media generally do not seem to be interested, which is a
shame. The media seem to prefer speaking to either extremist groups like Al-Muhajiroun
representatives or Muslims who are opposed to the Salafi way.
I understand you are extremely busy as a post-graduate student, and I thank you foryour time and wish you all the best for your studies.
It was a pleasure. Thank you for the opportunity.
Suggested websites
www.salafipublications.com
www.islamagainstextremism.com
www.answering-extremism.com
www.takfiris.com
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