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ISIS, FETS and ASTeC
David FindlayHead, Accelerator DivisionISIS DepartmentRutherford Appleton Laboratory / STFC
ASTeC 10 Years On, Thursday 13 October 2011
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ISIS, FETS, ASTeC (IBG),RAL
Electron-proton dipole
ASTeC, DL
Dipole moment ~1 C.m
~1030 Debye unitsElectric field at 1 m: ~10 GV/m
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Overview of talk
ISISScience programmeAccelerator R&DUpgrades
Front End Test Stand
Rôle of ASTeC
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But first — protons in the UK
At AERE1/Harwell/NIRNS2/RHEL/RAL:
Harwell synchrocyclotron (1949, 165 MeV, 1 µA)
PLA (Proton Linear Accelerator, 1959–1969)50 MeV, 3-tank — originally was to be 600 MeV
Harwell ~7 MV tandem accelerator
Harwell VEC (Variable Energy Cyclotron, 1965–1980s)
Nimrod, 7 GeV proton synchrotron (1964–1978)
ISIS, 800 MeV proton synchrotron (1984– )
1 Atomic Energy Research Establishment (1946)
2 National Institute for Research in Nuclear Science (1957)
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Harwell tandem
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PLA — Proton Linear Accelerator
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Never built
Aimed down runway
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PLA tank going into Building R12 at RAL
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PLA tank in R5.1 — as part of new injector for Nimrod
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Remedial work on other tanks for new injector for Nimrod
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PLA tank in R5.1 — as part of injector for ISIS
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Cockcroft at ground-breaking ceremony for Nimrod
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Construction of Nimrod synchrotron hall
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4.6 MVA alternator (+ 5100 HP motor + 24 ton flywheel) × 2
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First beam from Nimrod
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ISIS
World’s most productive spallation neutron source(if no longer highest beam power)
Flagship STFC facility [Sci. Tech. Facilities Council]
Driven by UK’s high-power proton accelerators
UK has largest national neutron user community of any country
Accelerator physics at ISIS necessary for continuing operations— and also for enabling entire programmes on materials R&D
Need to plan for upgrades
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ISIS
Fundamental purpose — to investigate structure and dynamics of molecular matter
Neutron sources complement light sources
Neutrons: ~0.1 eV → ~1Å
Structure Atomic motionsParacetamol
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Global challenges ISIS
Energy
Living with environmental change
Global threats to security
Ageing: Life-long health and wellbeing
Digital economy
Nanoscience: through engineering to application
Impact of ISIS science
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ISIS from air
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RFQ: 665 keV H–, 4-rod, 202 MHz
Linac: 70 MeV H–, 25 mA, 202 MHz, 200 µs, 50 pps
Synchrotron: 800 MeV proton, 50 Hz5 µC each acceleration cycleDual harmonic RF system [Chris Prior]
Targets: 2 × W (Ta coated)Protons: 2 × ~100 ns pulses, ~300 ns apart
Moderators: TS-1: 2 × H2O, 1 × liq. CH4, 1 × liq. H2
TS-2: 1 × liq. H2 / solid CH4, 1 × solid CH4
Instruments: TS-1: 20 TS-2: 7 (+ 4 more now funded)
~340 staff
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–35 kV H– ion source
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665 keV 4-rod 202 MHz RFQ
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70 MeV 202 MHz 4-tank H– linac
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1.3–3.1 + 2.6–6.2 MHz 70–800 MeV proton synchrotron
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Superperiods 9, 0 and 1 of 800 MeV synchrotron
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EPB1 and EPB2 to TS-1 and TS-2 above synchrotron
Protons to TS-1
Protons to TS-2
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ISIS TS-1 experimental hall, 20 instruments
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ISIS TS-2 experimental hall, 7 instruments + 4 under way
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TS-1 tungsten target, plates
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TS-2 tungsten target, solid cylinder
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ISIS Upgrades
4) Upgrade 3) + long pulse mode option
0) Linac and TS-1 refurbishment
1) Linac upgrade, ~0.5 MW on TS-1
2) ~3 GeV booster synchrotron: MW target
3) 800 MeV direct injection: 2–5 MW target
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2) ~3 GeV RCS fed by bucket-to-bucket transfer from ISIS 800 MeV synchrotron (1MW, perhaps more)
3) Charge-exchange injection from 800 MeV linac (2 – 5 MW)
1) Replace 70 MeV ISIS linac by new ~180 MeV linac (~0.5 MW)
ISIS MW Upgrade Scenarios
ASTeC staff vital to success
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• Based on MW ISIS upgrade with 800 MeV Linac and 3.2 GeV RCS
• Assumes a sharing of the beam
power at 3.2 GeV between the two facilities
• Both facilities can have the same ion source, RFQ, chopper, linac, H− injection, accumulation and acceleration to 3.2 GeV
• Requires additional RCS machine in order to meet the power and energy needs of the Neutrino Factory
Common proton driver for neutron source and neutrino factory
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NF on Harwell Oxford site
muon linac
coolingphase rotationbunching
RLA 1
muonFFAG
RLA 2
decay ring to Norsaq155 m below ground
decay ring to INO440 m below ground
• UKAEA land now not to be decommissioned until at least 2040 (unless we pay for it!)
• Extensive geological survey data available, but needs work to interpret implications for deep excavation and ground water activation
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FETS — Front End Test Stand
Actually the second front end test stand at RAL
First test stand was built to test RFQ to replace ISIS Cockcroft-Walton
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ISIS 665 kV Cockcroft-Walton (1984–2004)
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665 keV 4-rod 202 MHz RFQ
RFQ test standion source,
LEBT, RFQ, diagnostics
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Front End Test Stand (FETS)
Key technology demonstrator for next generation of high power pulsed proton accelerators
ISIS upgrades
Neutrino factories
Future spallation neutron sources
Accelerator-driven systems
Waste transmutation
...
Only dedicated high-power proton accelerator hardware R&D project in the UK
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Key components of FETS
High-intensity, high-duty factor, H– ion source(60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps)
Magnetic low energy beam transport (LEBT)
324 MHz 4-vane RFQ
Medium energy beam transport (MEBT)
Very high speed beam chopper
Comprehensive beam diagnostics
Collaboration — ISIS, ASTeC, Imperial College, Warwick University, ESS Bilbao consortium, Royal Holloway,[Huddersfield, UCL]
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In R8 at RAL
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Ion source and LEBT optimisation
60 mA H– beam current demonstrated
Low measured emittance at high
current in the FETS LEBT
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RFQ design + manufacture
RFQ cold model
Weld test models under
investigation at Imperial
Integrated electromagnetic, thermal, fluid flow and mechanical design
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Beam chopper
Essential for all high-power proton accelerators with rings
FETS chopper
Two-stage for wide-band functionality
Basis for ESS design
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464 metres
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Helical prototype Planar prototype
Re-bunching cavities
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Beam diagnostics
Already in use
Current transformers
Faraday cup
Slit-and-cup scanners for time-resolved 2D emittance
Scintillators for beam profiles
Pepper-pot for 4D phase space
Being developed
Laser photo-detachment(“laser wire”)
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At present
Cutting metal for RFQ
Increasing laser power for laser wire
Continuing ion source development
…
In future
Commission RFQ
Demonstrate high-quality beam chopping
Spin out hands-on accelerator expertise
…
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ASTeC
Re-packaging of long-held national lab. skills— larger package than in the past
Skills NINA, SRS, Nimrod, ISIS, Diamond, ...
“ASTeC” skills enabled / continue to enableNimrod ISISESS designs (1990s, early 2000s)ISIS second harmonic RF upgradeTS-2FETS
ISIS Accel. Theory Group ASTeC Intense Beams Group (IBG) — IBG still in ISIS R2 building
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ASTeC — has enabled ISIS
Happy birthday!
And many happy returns!
— is enabling FETS
— will enable ISIS upgrades