Download - ISLAMIC ACHIEVEMENTS
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ISLAMIC ACHIEVEMENTS
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■Essential Question:–What were the important
contributions of Muslim scholars during the Islamic Empire?
■Warm-Up Question:–What are the Five Pillars of Islam? –What is a “caliph”?–Why did the division between the
Sunni and Shi’a Muslims occur?
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Islamic AchievementsMuslims during the
Islamic Empire developed innovations that are still
used today
The lands and people of the Islamic Empire were
diverse, rich, and creative; Greeks, Chinese, Hindus,
Arabs, Persians, Turks and others all contributed to the culture of the Islamic
Empire
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Islamic AchievementsMuslims helped spread ideas as well as goods along their trade routes that connected
Asia, Europe, and Africa
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Islamic Achievements
Scholars studied and preserved Greek and Roman ideas
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Many large cities developed in Muslim lands that inspired new kinds of architecture
City Building and Architecture
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City Building and ArchitectureThe city of Baghdad was the
Abbasids’ capital and one of the most glorious cities in the world
It took 100,000 workers and architects four years to build Baghdad
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City Building and Architecture
They built mosques (Muslim places of worship), markets, homes, and shops
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City Building and Architecture
Mosques usually had towers, courtyards, and prayer rooms; the designs reflected the diversity of the Empire
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Study and Learning
The common use of the Arabic language
helped promote learning
Scholars from around the world met in
Baghdad to research and translate texts
from Greece, Persia, India, and China
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Study and Learning
Ibn Sina, a Persian, became Islam’s most famous philosopher;
like the Greeks, he used logic and his
writings were widely translated and studied
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Science and TechnologyMuslim scholars made great advances in astronomy,
improving upon Greek ideas
For example, compasses and astrolabes (a device that
positions objects in the sky to
figure out one’s location) could be used to find the direction to
MeccaTHE ASTROLABE: AN EARLY VERSION OF A GPS SYSTEM
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Science and Technology
Muslims restored old irrigation systems, built dams and aqueducts, and used
waterwheels to help the water supply
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Geography and Navigation
Muslim scholars examined plants and animals in
different regions and divided the
world into climate zones
They created extremely accurate maps that
included trade routes and information about land under Muslim rule
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Geography and Navigation
Travelers, like Ibn Battuta, recorded
information (and in Ibn’s case, wrote a book) about their
journeys to the Muslim lands and
beyond
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MathematicsMuslims based their work in math in part on the
ideas from India and Classical Greece
One scholar, Al-Khwarizmi, is called the “father of algebra”, which is used to solve problems with unknown numbers
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MathematicsAlgebra helped make Arabic numerals popular in
Europe and spread the Indian concept of zero
The word “zero” comes from the Arabic word that means
“something empty”
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Medicine
Muslims established the
world’s first hospitals and based their
medical knowledge on
that of Mesopotamia,
Egypt, and Greece
Doctors treated ailments through drugs, diet, and exercise; they also used stitches after performing surgeries
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MedicineThe Persian philosopher Ibn Sina
was also a doctor who wrote a book about the treatment of diseases
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Bookmaking and Literature
Muslims learned how to make paper from the Chinese and began producing books;
Baghdad had over 100 bookshops
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Bookmaking and Literature
In this book, a wife tells her husband a new tale each
night, including the story of Aladdin and the magic lamp, Ali Baba and the
Forty Thieves, and Sinbad the Sailor; these stories are
well known today
Arab and Persian stories and poetry were
collected in books, such as “A Thousand and One
Arabian Nights”
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The Arts
Muslims developed a type of art known as “arabesque”; it
used ornate drawings and
geometric patterns to
decorate objects and books
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The Arts
Textiles and music were two other influential art
forms that Muslims developed during the
time of the Islamic Empire
Calligraphy, the art of beautiful handwriting,
was considered to be the best art form of its day
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RecreationFun and recreation were also part of the Islamic cultureThe sport of polo was borrowed from the Persians and made popular by the Muslims; teams on horseback use
wooden mallets to strike a ball through a goal
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RecreationChess was invented in India and borrowed by the Persians, but this board game (which requires much thought, smarts, & skill to play well) was spread across Muslim territory and introduced to Europe
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Historians refer to this era of the Abbasids’ rule over the Islamic
Empire as a “golden age”