It is application of interconnected set of principles and methods to
minimize the problem caused by insects, diseases, weeds and others
agricultural pests.
What is IPM?
Pest protection technique.
Bio-control methods
Pest attractants and repellants
Synthetic organic pesticides
Cultural practices in cultivation
Pest monitoring methods
Pest resistant plant varieties
Use of Bio-pesticides
Weather data for prediction of
pest attack
IPM Techniques Includes
1. Cultural method
• Tillage Practices
• Sanitation and Weed Control
• Destruction of Crop Residues
• Sowing time and Spacing
• Land Preparation and Fertilizer Management.
• Water Management
Land Preparation
Tools of IPM
Weed Control
1. Cultural method
• Pest Resistant Varieties
Rice: IR-20, Vani Cultivar resistant to Leaf hopper.
Mango: Baneshan, Neeleshan Cultivar resistant to Leaf Hoppers.
Tomato: BT-1, T-32, T-27 Cultivar resistant to Fruit borer.
j. Crop Rotation
Rice- Legume- Vegetables (Rice gall midge)
Sugarcane/ Chilies- Tobacco (White ants)
k. Use of Trap Crop
Main Crop Trap crop Pest
Cucurbit Sun hemp Fruit Fly
Vegetable Marigold Nematode
Insects are directly hit by mechanical devices and lifecycle is hampered
• Hand picking
• Beating and hooking
• Sieving and winnowing
• Clipping
• Using nets and bag nets
• Swatting and crushing
• Brushing and sweeping
• Burning, Flooding and draining Flooding Practice to Control Pest
2.Mechanical Methods
• Sound: Ultrasonic waves
• Heat and Radiation
• Cold and Moisture
• Light: light trap
• Air Pressure: increasing
Carbon di-oxide in store house
3. Physical Methods
Light Trap
a. Use of Botanical Insecticides
Pyrethrin from Chrysanthemum
Nicotine from Tobacco
Azadirachtin from Neem
Rotenone from Derris elliptica
4. Chemical Method
Mustard oil / Turmeric powder water: MosquitoFire / smoke: MosquitoDimethyl Phthalate: Insect
Mustard Oil Turmeric Powder
b. Repellants
Examples: Diflubenzuron, Triflumuron, Azadirachtin, etc.
c. Insect Growth Regulators
d. Chemical Insecticide
Allomones: Ants, bees and beetles.
Kairomones: Hymenoptera
Pheromones: Noctuidera, Lepidoptera,
Homoptera, etc.
Natural Food Lures:Floral scents: Nectar Feeding Pest
Essential oils: Phytophagus Insect
Decomposing products: Scavengers
f. New Generation Chemicals Neonicotinoides Formamidines Nereistoxin
Avermectins Pyrrole Quinazoline
e. Insect Attractant
Pheromone Trap
a. Predator: Birds, Snakes and other Reptiles
b. Parasitoids: Trichogramma, Cotesia, Isotima, etc.
c. Pathogens
i. Ingested microbes:
•Bacteria: Bacillus, Psedomonas, etc.
•Viruses: Nuclear & Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus
•Protozoa: Adelina triboli, Muttesia, etc.
ii. Penetrating microbes
•Fungi: Aspergillus, Verticillium, etc.
•Nematodes: Tripius, Mermis, etc.
5. Biological Methods
a. Identification of Parasites/Pathogens/Predators: e.g. Lady Bird
Beetle, Mexican Beetle
b. Monitoring genetic variation in natural enemy population: e.g.
BT Cotton, BT Brinjal, etc.
c. Production of transgenic plants: e.g. Tomato, Brinjal, etc.
d. Create Pesticide resistance in Bio-control agent
e. Genetic engineering of beneficial organisms
6. Biotechnological Methods