Download - Japanese Militarism in WWII
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Militarism in Japan
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1918-1932
Emerged from WWI with strong economy Began making democratic reforms Hit hard by the Depression Military Dictatorship takes control
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Japanese Goals of the 1930’s
Revive economy hit by Depression Lead economic modernization in Asia -
hoping to one day rival Europe and the United States
Free Asia from western colonial influences Set up “East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere” Dominate Asia economically and militarily
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Question
What might limit Japan’s ability to dominate Asia?
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Aggression in Manchuria
September 1931, needing the resources of Manchuria the Japanese army invaded
China protested to the League of Nations
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Aggression in Manchuria
League and United States condemned Japanese action in China, but took no further action
Japan withdrew from the League in 1933
What does the Japanese minister claim?
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Tensions Rise in China
By 1937, Japanese forces overran much of the northern part of China
Rape of Nanking – in 1937 Japanese forces brutalized the population of Nanking – murdering over 300,000 civilians and soldiers in a few months
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WWII in Asia
Berlin, 1940 - Japan joins alliance with Germany and Italy
Looked to European colonies in Southeast Asia for resources
FDR threatened to cut off supplies of scrap metal, rubber, and oil
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Events leading to Pearl Harbor
Believing the United States will not only cut off supplies, but also declare war, the Japanese planned a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor to eliminate the American naval presence in the Pacific
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Events leading to Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941, the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
Japanese miscalculated American response – instead of cowering, the American people rallied together
December 8, 1941, the United States declares war on Japan
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Failure of the Co-prosperity Sphere
Original idea involved a system that benefited both Japan and occupied territories - “Asia for Asians”
Instead, Japanese imperial troops simply replaced European troops
Resources were diverted to supply the Japan war machine – in some cases causing food shortages and famine
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Attempted to institute Japanese customs – insulting the native peoples
Forced some to work in factories and on plantations for little or no wages
Some nationalist groups cooperated with Japanese and some secretly assisted the Allies
Failure of the Co-prosperity Sphere
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Japan’s Eventual Defeat