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Mit
glie
d d
er
Helm
holt
z-G
em
ein
sch
aft
JEDIJEDIA Search for Charged-particle EDMs with Storage Rings
27.11.2012 | Hans Ströher
Seminar Cracow 2012
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 2
JEDI – The srEDM Search at FZ Jülich
Outline of the talk
Introduction Precision physics
Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) TV, CPV
Physics impact Baryogenesis, BAU
Charged particle EDMs Storage Rings
Steps towards realization Precursor
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 3
JEDI – The srEDM Search at FZ Jülich
Outline of the talk
Introduction Precision physics
Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) TV, CPV
Physics impact Baryogenesis, BAU
Charged particle EDMs Storage Rings
Steps towards realization Precursor
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 4
Introduction – Big Challenges
Perception of the HEP-community: 3 physics „frontiers“
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 5
Introduction – Physics Frontiers
Energy frontier (LHC and possible future successors)
Search forthe origin of
mass („Higgs“),SUSY
Energy
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 6
Introduction – Physics Frontiers
Search forthe origin of
mass („Higgs“),SUSY
Quest for „Dark Matter“
and „Dark Energy“
Energy
Co
smic
Cosmic frontier (AMANDA, Auger, Icecube, …)
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 7
Introduction – Physics Frontiers
Intensity frontier (Super-beams)
Search forthe origin of
mass („Higgs“),SUSY
Secrets ofneutrinos
Quest for „Dark Matter“
and „Dark Energy“
EnergyIntensity
Co
smic
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 8
Secrets ofneutrinos
Introduction – Physics Frontiers
A most promising additional frontier: precision
Search forthe origin of
mass („Higgs“),SUSY
Quest for „Dark Matter“
and „Dark Energy“
EnergyIntensity
Co
smic
Precision(In-)stability
of theproton
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 9
Introduction – Physics Frontiers
A most promising additional frontier: precision
Search forthe origin of
mass („Higgs“),SUSY
Secrets ofneutrinos
Quest for „Dark Matter“
and „Dark Energy“
(In-)stability of theproton
EnergyIntensity
Co
smic
Precision
Co
mp
lexity
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 10
Introduction – Physics Frontiers
A most promising additional frontier: precision
ESPP, Cracow,September 2012
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 11
Introduction – Precision Frontier
Striving for the ultimate precision/sensitivity: example hydrogen
JohannJakobBalmer(1885)
BalmerSeries
H-atom
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 12
Introduction – Precision Frontier
Striving for the ultimate precision/sensitivity
BalmerSeries
H-atom
Lamb-shiftQED
g/2 = 1 + /2~ 1.00116
JohannJakobBalmer(1885)
Willis E.Lamb(1947)
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 13
Introduction – Precision Frontier
V. Weisskopf: „To understand hydrogen is to understand all of physics“
BalmerSeries
H-atom
ElectronMDM
SM test
GeraldGabrielse
(et al.)(2008)
JohannJakobBalmer(1885)
(…)
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 14
Introduction – Precision Frontier
Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) of fundamental particles
Adapted from:Nature,
Vol 482 (2012)
Example: Neutron (nEDM)
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 15
An EDM is VEEEEEE … EEERY small !!
Current upper limit separation ~ size of a hair
expand
Nucleon Earth
1 fm
Introduction – Precision Frontier
1023 fm
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 16
JEDI – The srEDM Search at FZ Jülich
Outline of the talk
Introduction Precision physics
Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) TV, CPV
Physics impact Baryogenesis, BAU
Charged particle EDMs Storage Rings
Steps towards realization Precursor
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 17
Physics – Electric Dipoles
Charge separation creates an electric dipole
Definition p = q s
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 18
Physics – Electric Dipoles
Charge separation creates an electric dipole
Definition
Example:H2O
p = q s
Watermolecule:permanent
electric dipole(has de-
generate GSw/ different
parity)p ~ 6 x 10-30 C m ~ 4 x 10-9 e cm
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 19
Physics – Fundamental Particles
Do particles (e.g., electron, nucleon) have an EDM?
Chargesymmetric(„round“)
noEDM
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 20
Physics – Fundamental Particles
Chargesymmetric(„round“)
Not charge
symmetric
EDM(aligned w/ spin)
T operationcreates adifferent
state
noEDM
d < 10-13 e cm
Do particles (e.g., electron, nucleon) have an EDM?
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 21
Physics – Discrete Symmetries
Violation of discrete symmetries (P and T)
Motivation ofN.F. Ramsey,E.M. Purcellto search for
nEDM;found no PV: d < 10-20 e cm
IFparticlehas anEDM
If CPTholds,EDM
violatesCP
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 22
Parity- (P) and Charge-Parity- (CP) violation
Physics – Discrete Symmetries
C.S. Wuet al.
(1957)
Nobel Prize1957
Lee,Yang
… also observed in -decay …
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 23
Parity- (P) and Charge-Parity- (CP) violation
Physics – Discrete Symmetries
Nobel Prize1980
Cronin, Fitch
J. Cronin,V. Fitch
et al.(1964)
… also observed in other systems (B, D)
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 24
No exp´tly known CPV in QCD (no reason for it; “strong CP problem”)
Physics – CPV in Standard Model
CP symmetry breaking due to the weak interaction:
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM)-matrix connects the quark weak eigenstates and the quark mass eigenstates:
CKM matrix is unitary; if Vij are not real, CP will be violated finite area of the unitary-triangle!
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 25
Physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM)
Physics – Why is CPV so interesting?
CPV in the SM points to physics we do not understand
CPV is highly sensitive to physics beyond the SM (New Physics)
CPV is accessible to a wide range of experiments
New source of CPV required for baryogenesis
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 26
JEDI – The srEDM Search at FZ Jülich
Outline of the talk
Introduction Precision physics
Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) TV, CPV
Physics impact BAU, baryogenesis
Charged particle EDMs Storage Rings
Steps towards realization Precursor
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 27
Physics – Baryogenesis
Matter and antimatter in our Universe
(…)
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 28
Assertion: Universe „started“ with equal amounts of matter and antimatter !
Early Universe
BigBang
Physics – Baryogenesis
Matter Anti-matter
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 29
Very soon, a slight asymmetry developed (CP- / T-violation)
Early Universe
Matter Anti-matter
BigBang
Physics – Baryogenesis
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 30
All the anti-matter annihilated with matter
Early Universe
Matter Anti-matter
BigBang
Physics – Baryogenesis
Matteranti-matterannihilation photons
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 31
Now, only matter is left over !
Early Universe
Today
Matter Anti-matter
Matteranti-matterannihilation photons
BigBang
Physics – Baryogenesis
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 32
The mystery of the missing antimatter (the puzzle of our existence)
Physics – Baryogenesis
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 33
Physics – Baryogenesis
Ingredients for baryogenesis: 3 Sakharov conditions
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 34
Physics – Potential of EDMs
N. Arkani-Hamed (IAS, Princeton) at Intensity Frontier WS, USA (2011)
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 35
G. Isidori at ESPP Open Symposium, Cracow (Sept. 2012)
Physics – Potential of EDMs
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 36
J.M. Pendlebury: „nEDM has killed more theories than any other single expt.“
Physics – Potential of EDMs
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 37
P. Harris, K. Kirch … A huge worldwide effort
EDMs – Ongoing/planned Searches
new
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 38
EDMs – Why another Experiment ?
J. De Vries … What we may learn from EDMs
StrongCP
problem
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 39
EDMs – Why another Experiment ?
Need for different EDMs to pin down the source(s)
StrongCP
problem
HadronEDMs arecomplex,
richer
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 40
JEDI – The srEDM Search at FZ Jülich
Outline of the talk
Introduction Precision physics
Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) TV, CPV
Physics impact Baryogenesis, BAU
Charged particle EDMs Storage Rings
Steps towards realization Precursor
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 41
EDMs – Executive Summary
A spectacular opportunity that should not be missed !
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 42
Frequency/energy difference due to EDM ( d )
EDMs – Measurement Technique (I)
Particle in parallel/anti-parallel B- and E-field:
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 43
EDM ( d ) in E-field produces a minuscule torque ( spin rotation)
Polarized charged particles in a storage ring:
EDM MDM
Adapted from:Nature,
Vol 482 (2012)
EDMs – Measurement Technique (II)
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 44
EDM ( d ) in E-field produces a minuscule torque ( spin rotation)
EDMs – Storage Ring Technique
Polarized charged particles in a storage ring:
development of a transverse polarization component
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 45
EDM ( d ) in E-field produces a minuscule torque ( spin rotation)
EDMs – Storage Ring Technique
Spin Precession (relative to momentum): Thomas – BMT Equation:
Pure electric ring: B = 0, „magic momentum“, only if G > 0 (p) Combined E- and B- ring „all-in-one“ (p, d, 3He) Pure magnetic ring (COSY) tests
„frozen spin“
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 46
pEDM
all-electric ring
BNL (via DOE-NP)
EDMs – Storage Ring Projects
Two projects: US (BNL, FNAL) and Europe (FZJ)
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 47
pEDM
all-electric ring
FNAL (via DOE-HEP)
EDMs – Storage Ring Projects
Two projects: US (BNL, FNAL) and Europe (FZJ)
Accumulator
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 48
pEDM
all-electric ring
BNL, FNAL
(p,d, …)EDM
all-in-one ring (E,B)
FZJ (COSY): „JEDI“
EDMs – Storage Ring Projects
Two projects: US (BNL, FNAL) and Europe (FZJ)
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 49
pEDM
all-electric ring
BNL, FNAL
(p,d, …)EDM
all-in-one ring (E,B)
FZJ (COSY): „JEDI“
EDMs – Storage Ring Projects
Two projects: US (BNL, FNAL) and Europe (FZJ)
Critical (common) R&D projects• Spin Coherence Time ( COSY)• Polarimetry (data base) ( COSY)• Beam Position Monitoring ( RHIC)• Deflectors ( COSY)• Spin Tracking (Simulations)• …
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 50
NO direct measurement for proton- and deuteron-EDM yet !
EDMs – Sensitivity Reach
Adapted from:Nature,
Vol 482 (2012)
pEDMdEDM
EDM search in charged baryon (systems)
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 51
JEDI – The srEDM Search at FZ Jülich
Outline of the talk
Introduction Precision physics
Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) TV, CPV
Physics impact Baryogenesis, BAU
Charged particle EDMs Storage Rings
Steps towards realization Precursor
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21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 52
EDMs – Stepwise Approach
Vertically polarized
beam
Polarimeter
Establish srEDM, first direct measurement ; sensitivity ~10-24 e cm
First step: „Precursor“ Experiment (using COSY+)
Comparison of B* = 0 (EDM effect) and E* = 0 (no EDM effect)
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EDMs – Stepwise Approach
Sensitivity 10-29 e cm discovery potential
Polarizedcounter-rotatingbeams
Iron-freeCopper-wound
magnets
Adapted from:Richard Talman
Cornell, Febr. 2012
Second step: A dedicated EDM Storage Ring (with COSY as injector)
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EDMs – Summary, Conclusion
A spectacular opportunity that should not be missed !
EDMs of charged particles in a Storage Ring:
Physics case: „must-do“ (complementary to LHC)
IKP is one of the (very few) places worldwide where this can be pursued:
COSY: testbed facility first direct measurement („precursor“)
Experience with polarized beams
Forschungszentrum Jülich (HGF): Scientific and technological „environment“ Continuity and persistence (> 10yr project)
Cooperations: RWTH: Physics, Engineers (JARA-Fame) BNL (US) (pEDM, use of COSY) PNPI (Russia), KVI (NL), Ferrara (I), Cracow (PL)
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