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Journal 10/25/12
Greed: How do you define greed? Is greed ever a good thing?
Guilt: What leads people to feel guilt?
Motivation: What is the biggest motivator in your life?
Morality: List your top three “moral rules.”
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THE CRUCIBLEPart I: Overview
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The Crucible Overview
American play Written in the 1950s Playwright: Arthur Miller Focuses on residents of Salem,
Massachusetts Issues: greed, guilt, motivation, morality
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Overview: Arthur Miller Born in 1915 in NYC His father’s business
failed (Depression) so his family moved around.
Returned to NYC after graduating college No luck with writing!
Finally had a play of his on Broadway (“All My Sons”) in 1947
In 1949, wrote “Death of a Salesman”
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Overview: Arthur Miller
Married Marilyn Monroe Divorced after a
few years Had 3 wives
altogether Wrote “The
Crucible” in the early 1950s Was accused of
being a Communist Died in 2005
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Overview: Salem, Massachusetts
Located on the coast of Massachusetts
Settled mainly by Puritans in 1626
Most known for the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 Nickname: “The Witch
City”
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THE CRUCIBLEPart II: Salem Witch Trials
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The Facts Young girl named Betty Parris became ill
Fever, extreme pain, running around the house Doctors were called in to find the reason for
this sickness, but they couldn’t explain it, so they defaulted to “witchcraft” Townspeople were easily convinced A servant in town was suspected of witchcraft
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The Casualties
Nineteen men and women were put to death for witchcraft.
One man, Giles Corey, was also pressed to death.
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Why did this happen?
People were suspicious/fearful A book about witchcraft had
just been published by Cotton Mather
People were at war with Native Americans
Death/evil were on the mind of many
Puritan culture easily accepted the devil as the source of evil/wrong in life
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Other Explanations
Teenagers in town were bored and got carried away Dancing, flirting, etc. not allowed at all! All of the accusers were teenage girls
Some of the accusers were jealous people An easy way to get rid of people they didn’t
like! General sense of depression in town
Not a lot of wealth/happiness/freedom
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So, if this play was written in the 1950s, why are we
reading it now and why did Miller write it?
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THE CRUCIBLEPart III: Historical Context
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The Appeals of Communism
Great Depression left people upset with the American government
1939: 50,000 Americans were members of the Communist party.
Then WW2 began and Communism was seen as “un-American” because of the surge in patriotism
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Communism came to be seen as “evil”
In 1950: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were arrested and charged with supplying atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union who then developed the atomic bomb
Communism became the opposite of everything America represented!
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Joseph McCarthy Head of the HUAC and ringleader of the Red
Scare Claimed he had a list of 205 Communists who
worked for the US Government HUAC: House Committee of Un-American
Activities This committee questioned Americans who
were suspected of being Communists They summoned thousands of people to testify
Goal: to get as many names of “Communists” as possible
Enter: Joseph McCarthy and the HUAC
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Who Was Suspected of Being a Communist?
Filmmakers, directors, actors, and some politicians were accused of attending communist meetings
These people had two options: Admit to being a Communist and tell McCarthy
names of other people who attended Communist meetings
OR Refuse to admit anything (or rat out others)
and be blacklisted
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Walt Disney Ronald Reagan
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Martin Luther King, Jr.
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Arthur Miller
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“The Crucible” and Communism
Allegory: work of literature that tells one story on the surface while referring to another sub textually Comparing the play to the Red Scare
Create a Venn diagram in your notes packet. This Venn diagram should make connections between the Salem Witch Trials and the Communist Hunt of the 1950s.
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What is a crucible?
The word crucible has many meanings. Its literal definition is a container that resists heat or the hollow at the bottom of an ore furnace. However, its connotations include melting pot, in the symbolic sense, and bearing of a cross (crux, crusis, + ferre).
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Work Cited
Adapted from PowerPoints made by Kate Johnson of Colony HS (Palmer, AK) and Mrs. Dobbs of HHS (Leesburg, VA)