Kingdom Fungi
Ch 26
Pros/Cons of Fungi
Pros Decompose dead
organic waste Source of food and
food production Bread and wine
making Medicine
Cons Food spoilage Disease Some are
poisonous
1. Characteristics of Fungi
a. Eukaryotesb. Heterotrophsc. Habitat-air, water, damp walls, gardens, food,
warm moist environments, cold temperature.d. Most are multicellular; yeast is unicelluar.
The Fungi Kingdom
1) fungi lack chlorophyll
2) fungi are not photosynthetic
•cannot produce their own food
3) they never reproduce by making seeds
4) most fungi have cell walls made of chitin… Except molds
4 Reasons Fungi Are Different From Plants
cellulose
•Plant cell walls are made of what?
•molds have cell walls made of cellulose…like plants
•most are saprophytes (feed on dead organic matter)
•some are parasites (feed on living organisms)
Saprophyte-feeds on dead/decaying organisms
Structure of Fungi
a. Hyphae(pl)-threadlike filaments which develop from spores
b. They have cell walls composed of chitin. which give the cell wall strength and flexibility.
c. Mycelium (s)
-A network of filaments that may contain different types of hyphae
Anchor fungus into its food sourceAllow fungus to absorb nutrients from food sourceForm spores for reproduction
d. Some hyphae are divided into individual cells by crosswalls called septa
The septa contain pores……
The Fungi Kingdom
single hypha Mass of hyphae (mycelium)
Germ tube (Growing Spore)
(initial hypha)
Fungi are heterotrophic.
3. Extracellular digestion, process by which food is digested outside the fungal body and nutrients diffuse (are absored) into hyphae
a. Saprophytes (decomposers)-feed on dead organic matter
b. Parasites- absorb nutrients from the living cells of their hosts
SaprophyteTurkey tail
fungus
Mycorrhiza (mutualism)
Mycorrhiza-symbiotic relationshio between fungus and plant rootsFungus increases plant’s absoprtion of
nutrients and water Plants provide organic nutrients
BOTH BENEFIT!!!!
Lichen (Mutualism)
Lichen-fungus and green algae or cyanobacteriaFungus provides water and minerals it
absorbs from rain and the airAlgae provides nutrients.
Lichens
The Fungi Kingdom
4. Reproduction 3 types of Asexual reproduction
a. Budding
b. Fragmentation
c. Spores ---reproductive cell that grows into a new organism without fertilization
sporangium-sac where spores are produced; protects spores from harsh conditions
Spores are dispersed by wind, water, and animals• Once spores are caught by something, they can be carried
long distances
The Fungi Kingdom
Kingdom Fungi Phylum Zygomycota
Ex: Rhizopus stonifer (bread mold)Hyphae grow when spores settle on moist
bread.Stolons grow along the surface producing
mycelim; rhizoids penetrate food and anchor mycelium into bread
Hyphae grow upward to produce sporangia which contains spores
The Fungi Kingdom
Rhizoids- hyphae of bread mold that digest bread for ingestion
Ascomycotes (sac fungi)Yeast, morels, trufflesImportance
Found on decaying food, Cause plant diseaseYeast ferment sugar to produce the CO2 needed
to make beer, wine, bread (alcoholic fermentation); also important to genetic studies
Morels and truffles are edibleCause plant diseases such as Dutch elm disease,
chestnut blight, apple scab, and ergot.
Dutch elm disease
Chestnut blight
Apple scab
morel
EX: yeasts, cup fungi, powdery mildews, & lichens
Lichens - a fungus and an organism with chlorophyll that live together
DeuteromycotesCause of human infections which include
athlete’s foot, ringworm, yeast infections, and jock itch
Penicillin –antibioticFood production-Soy sauce, blue cheese
citric acid used in jams, jellies, soft drinks, fruit flavored candy
Basidiomycotes (club fungi)Ex: mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns,
smut
Mushroom Reproduction