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Knowledge Gardening: Sensemaking through Hypermedia Discourse
Federation
Jack ParkSRI International, Menlo Park, CA
andKnowledge Media Institute & Computing Research Centre
The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
OKMDS Panel SessionApril 17, 2008
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2Image copyright Paul Bourke and Gayla Chandler, used with kind permission. http://local.wasp.uwa.edu.au/~pbourke/
Worlds of Wonder
Sensemaking in the Wild
Knowledge Gardening as Hypermedia Discourse Federation
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Outline
• What is knowledge gardening?• Activities
– Tagging– Annotating– Conversation– Social networking
• Architectures• Related tools
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Knowledge gardening is…Collaborative problem solving in rugged fitness landscapes
Images: http://www.turbophoto.com/Free-Stock-Images/
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Knowledge gardening is… Facilitating large-scale discourse
ordered gardens
wild borders
ordered gardens
wild borders
Structured but emergent networks of claims and arguments
Structured but emergent networks of claims and arguments
Informally expressed claims and
arguments, awaiting ‘proper linkage’
Informally expressed claims and
arguments, awaiting ‘proper linkage’
Source: Simon Buckingham Shum
Towards a cultivated ecosystem…
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Knowledge Gardening is…• People
– Collecting– Organizing– Discussing– Cultivating
• Knowledge– Federated
Information resources
• Blogs• Emails• Stories• Dialogs• Tags• Annotations• …
• Tools– Web portals– Knowledge mapsImage copyright Alan Jaras, used with kind permission
http://www.flickr.com/photos/alanjaras/
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Knowledge Gardening: Douglas Engelbart’s Dynamic Knowledge Repository (DKR)
Software InfrastructureMemory, Collaboration
DKR = People + Tools
Learning Communities
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Knowledge Gardening as Federated Human Knowledge
Learning
Cultures
Politics
History
Religion
SimulationWellness
Nutrition
Addictions
Aging
Cancer
KnowledgeGarden
KnowledgeGarden
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Knowledge Gardening: Subject-centric Federation
• Federation: – bringing heterogeneous information resources
together• Subject-centric organization:
– Co-locating representations of the same subject together in a knowledge map
– A map is not the territory it represents• Provides well-organized collective memory
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Knowledge Maps: Topic Maps
Image Courtesy Steve Pepper
Topic Map:
Lies above information and weaves that information into a fabric
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Knowledge Maps as Cultural Memory
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Annotation by Tagging
A User asserts a Tag on a Resource
“Semantic Desktop”
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Annotating By Connecting
A User asserts a relationship between ideas expressed at two different resources
Semantic Desktop concept
“is exemplified by”
OpenIris.org
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Conversation
Users Ask and Answer Questions, and Discuss the Answers
Compendium Screenshot
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Issue Map of an OpEd
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Social Aspects of Collaboration
Image Courtesy Katy Borner
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Example: Schools as Knowledge Gardens
SchoolMembers:Teachers
KnowledgeGarden
OtherStakeholders:
StudentsParents
Contributes ToSupports
SupportsMaintains
Group Network
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Architecture
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Related Tools: SRI International’s CALO
Semantic Desktop Application
Open Source IRIS Platform:
http://www.openiris.org
http://caloproject.sri.com
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Related Tools: Virtual Learning Centers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFuNFRie8wA
http://www.secondlife.com/
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TopicSpaces: A Prototype
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