IcSv D²cWn ]mSnñ
kkpptteeJJ FFðð..__nn.. ttaammUUyyqqÄÄ
{{]]hhÀÀ¯̄\\ kkllmmbbnn
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 2
kpteJ F³ _n tamUypÄ {]hÀ¯\ klmbn ]Xn¸v 1.0 (aebmfw)
]{Xm[n] kaXn ]n hn D®nIrjvW³ {]Xojv IpamÀ. sI kvanX Fkv.N{µ³ No^v FUnäÀ ]n.hn.D®nIrjvW³
FUnäÀ sI. iin[c³ \mbÀ \mcmbW³ F³ Pn IhÀ Unssk³ tKm]IpamÀ.Sn
ssS¸vskänwKv A\nð IpamÀ.F
Copy right © 2005
Information Kerala Mission Pratheeksha Tower Near Engineering College Pangapara P O, Trivandrum - 81
DÅS¡w
1 BapJw 4 2 kpteJ Fð._n.tamUyqÄ 6
2.1 D]tbmàm¡Ä................................................................... 8 2.2 tkm^vävshbdnð D]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶
sa\phns\¡pdn¨pÅ hniZoIcWw..........................10 2.3 tkm^vävshbdnte¡v {]thin¡p¶ coXn ..............13
3 t{]mPIvSpIÄ 21 3.1 t{]mPIvSnsâ hniZhnhc§Ä e`n¡phm³.......... 22
4 sXc¨nð 29 4.1 t{]mPIvSv \¼À ................................................................. 30 4.2 t{]mPIvSnsâ t]cv.............................................................31 4.3 hn`mKw ................................................................................... 33 4.4 taJe ..................................................................................... 34 4.5 s{]mt^mÀabsS Xcw...................................................... 37 4.6 {]tXyI ]cn]mSnIÄ...................................................... 38 4.7 t{]mPIvSnsâ XcWw ...................................................... 40 4.8 BkvXnIÄ...........................................................................41
5 \nÀÆlWw 44 5.1 [\Imcy t«§Ä: .............................................................. 45 5.2 _UvPäv hniZmwi§Ä:................................................. 50
6 dnt¸mÀ«v 52 6.1 hmÀjnI ]²Xn dnt¸mÀ«v ............................................. 54 6.2 hmÀjnI sNehv dnt¸mÀ«v ............................................ 57 6.3 {]Xnamk sNehv dnt¸mÀ«v. .......................................... 58
7 AUvan\nkvt{Sj³ 60 7.1 skänwKvkv .............................................................................61 7.2 ]mkvthÀUv amäpI........................................................... 63 7.3 ]pXnb D]tbmàmhns\ Iq«nt¨À¡ð................. 64 7.4 sF.]n. skänwKvkv: .......................................................... 67
8 temKu«v 70 8.1 FIvknäv ................................................................................ 70 8.2 do temKn³ ........................................................................... 70
1 BBaappJJww
]©mb¯v cmPv/ap\nkn¸ð \nbaw ]mÊm¡nbtXmSp IqSn
Xt±i kzbw`cW Øm]\§Ä¡v hn]peamb A[nImc§Ä
ssIhcnIbpïmbn. CXnð kp{][m\amWv
hntI{µoIrXmkq{XWw.
hmÀjnI ]²XnIÄ Bkp{XWw sN¿p¶Xn\pw \nÀÆlWw
\S¯p¶Xn\pw Nn«s¸Sp¯nb \S]Sn{Ia§Ä Ct¸mÄ
\nehnepïv. Hmtcm hÀjhpw X¿mdm¡p¶ ]²XnIfpw
t{]mPIvSpIfpw Pnñm Bkq{XW kanXn AwKoIcn¨p
Ignªmð ]²XnbpsS hniZmwi§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯phm\pÅ
tkm^vävshbÀ B¹nt¡j\mWv C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³
cq]Iev]\ sNbvX kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ. {]Xnamkw
\S¡p¶ ]²Xn {]hÀ¯\§fpsS sNehpIfpw `uXnI
t\«§fpw tcJs¸Sp¯phm\pw hmÀjnI ]²XnIÄ
kw_Ôn¨pÅ hnhn[ dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ X¿mdm¡p¶Xn\pw
e`yam¡p¶Xn\pw Cu B¹nt¡j\neqsS km[n¡pw.
CXv ]²Xn Bkq{XW \nÀÆlW {]hÀ¯\§Ä
Imcy£aam¡m\pw kpXmcyam¡m\pw Ffp¸¯nð
hnhc§Ä e`yam¡m\pw Gsd {]tbmP\ {]ZamWv. Cu
tamUyqÄ Xt±kzbw `cW Øm]\§fnð
hn\ykn¡p¶Xv kw_Ôn¨pw XpSÀ \S]SnIfpamWv
CXnð {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv. CXv Gsd {]tbmP\
{]ZamIpsa¶v {]Xymin¡p¶p.
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 5
2.
kpteJ Fð._n.tamUyqÄ
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 6
2 kkpptteeJJ FFðð..__nn..ttaammUUyyqqÄÄ
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ hn\ykn¡p¶ Xt±i kzbw`cW
Øm]\§fpsS Un.]n.knbpsS AwKoImcw e`n¨
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhc§fmWv kpteJ Fð._n.
tamUyqfneqsS e`n¡p¶Xv. Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse ]²Xn
ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ DtZymKØ\mWv {][m\ambpw kpteJ
Fð._n.tamUyqfnsâ D]tbmàmhv. Hmtcm t{]mPIväpIfpsSbpw
apgph³ hnhc§fpw e`yamIp¶Xnt\msSm¸w Xs¶ AhbpsS
X³amk sNehpIfpsS hnhc§fpw Cu tkm^vävshbdneqsS
tcJs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. AXn\p tijw Hmtcm amkt¯bpw
sNehpIfpsS hnhc§Ä AXmXv amkw Xs¶ kwØm\
Xe¯nepÅ {][m\ I¼yq«dnte¡v Abbv¡mhp¶XpamWv.
]²XnIsf kw_Ôn¨pÅ hnhn[ Xc¯nepÅ dnt¸mÀ«pIfpw
Cu tkm^vävshbdneqsS e`yamhp¶XmWv.
Pnñm ]©mb¯pIfnepw, t»m¡v ]©mb¯pIfnepw,
kz´ambn I¼yq«dpÅ {Kma]©mb¯pIfnepw,
ap\nkn¸menänIfnepw, tImÀ¸tdj\pIfnepamWv kpteJ
Fð._n.tamUyqÄ hn\ykn¡pI. AXmXv Xt±i`cW
Øm]\§fpsS Un.]n.knbpsS AwKoImcw e`n¨ ]²XnIÄ
am{Xta kpteJ Fð._n.tamUyqfneqsS e`n¡pIbpÅp.
F¶mð kz´ambn I¼yq«dnñm¯ ]©mb¯pIfnse
]²XnIfpsS hnhc§fpw AhbpsS Hmtcm amks¯ ]²Xn
sNehpIfpsS hnhc§fpw AXmXv t»m¡v ]©mb¯nse
kpteJ Fð._n.tamUyqfneqsStbm CâÀs\äneqsStbm BWv
tcJs¸Spt¯ïXv. kpteJ Fð._n.tamUyqÄ
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
hn\ykn¨ncn¡p¶ Øm]\§fpsSbpw Ah X½nð
_Ôn¸n¡p¶ irwJetbbpw Ipdn¨pÅ tcJm Nn{Xw (Nn{Xw
2.1) NphsS tNÀ¡p¶p.
Nn{Xw 2.1
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ hn\ykn¡p¶ Øm]\§fpsS tcJm Nn{Xw
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 7
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 8
2.1 D]tbmàm¡Ä Hmtcm Xt±i`cW Øm]\§fntebpw ]²Xnbpambn
_Ôs¸« Imcy§Ä ssIImcyw sN¿p¶
DtZymKØamcmWv kpteJ Fð._n.tamUyqfnsâ
D]tbmàm¡Ä. F¶mð AhcnseñmhÀ¡pw kpteJ
Fð._n. tamUyqfneqsS Fñm {]hÀ¯\§fpw
\nÀÆln¡m³ km[n¡pIbnñ. DZmlcWambn
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS Xòmk sNehnsâ hnhc§Ä
tcJs¸Sp¯m³ A[nImcapÅ DtZymKØ\p am{Xta B
amks¯ sNehnsâ hnhc§Ä kpteJ Fð._n.
tamUyqfneqsS tcJs¸Sp¯m³ km[n¡pIbpÅq.
AXpt]mse AUvan\nkvt{Sjsâ NpaXebpÅ
DtZymKØ\pam{Xta ]pXnbXmbn Hcp D]tbmIvXmhns\
Iq«nt¨À¡phm³ km[n¡pIbpÅq.
TIP:- \nehnepÅ kwhn[m\¯nse Poh\¡mcpsS HutZymKnI \ma¯n\p kam\ambpÅXmWv D]tbmàmhnsâ Xcw.
{][m\ambpw aq¶v Xc¯nepÅ D]tbmàm¡fmWv
kpteJ Fð._n.tamUyqÄ D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv. Ahsc
1. AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ 2. A{]qhÀ 3. Hm¸tdäÀ
F¶o t]cpIfnemWv Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv.
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 9
]«nI 2.1 kpteJ Fð._n.tamUyqÄ D]tbmKn¡p¶ D]tbmàm¡Ä
{Ia
\¼À D]tbmàmhv hniZoIcWw
1 AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ
kmt¦XnI Imcy§Ä sN¿m³ km[n¡p¶ Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse DtZymKØ\mWv AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ kpteJ Fð._n.tamUyqÄ D]tbmKnt¡ï D]tbmàm¡fpsS hnhc§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯m\pw kwØm\Xe¯nepÅ skÀhÀ I¼yq«dnð \n¶pw hnhc§Ä Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse I¼yq«dnte¡v tNÀ¡phm\pw Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse I¼yq«dnð \n¶pw kwØm\ Xe¯nse skÀhdnte¡pw hnhc§Ä ssIamdm\pw AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ¡v am{Xta A[nImcapÅq. Un.]n.knbpsS AwKoImcapÅ ]²XnIfpsS hnhc§Ä ImWphm\pw hnhn[ dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ X¿mdm¡phm\pw AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ ]ZhnbpÅ DtZymØ\p km[n¡pw. s]mXpsh Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse sk{I«dnsbbmWv AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ F¶ ]Zhn sImïv hnhjn¡p¶Xv.
2 A{]qhÀ
Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse ]²XnbpsS Imcy§Ä ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ DtZymKØs\bmWv A{]qhÀ F¶ ]Zhnbnð Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv. Un.]n.knbpsS AwKoImcapÅ
]²XnIfpsS hnhc§Ä ImWpI Hmtcm t{]mPIvSpIfpsSbpw X³amk
sNehpIfpsS hnhc§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯pI.
hyXykvX dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ X¿mdm¡pI. sXc¨nð \S¯pI
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
{IaD]tbmàmhv hniZoIcWw
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 10
\¼À F¶o {]hÀ¯\§fmWv A{]qhdn\v kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqfneqsS \nÀÆln¡m³ km[n¡p¶Xv.
3 Hm¸tdäÀ
{]tXyI ]ZhnIsfm¶pw Cñm¯ km[mcW D]tbmàmhmWv Hm¸tdäÀ Un.]n.kn.bpsS AwKoImcw e`n¨ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhc§Ä ImWpI t{]mPIvSpIÄ sXcbpI F¶o {]{InbIfmWv Hm¸tdäÀ¡v sN¿m\pÅXv.
2.2 tkm^vävshbdnð D]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶ sa\phns\¡pdn¨pÅ hniZoIcWw
tkm^vävshbdneqsS \nÀÆln¡m³ km[n¡p¶ hnhn[
{]hÀ¯\§Ä \ndthäm³ klmbn¡p¶
sa\phns\¡pdn¨pÅ hniZoIcWw NphsS tNÀ¡p¶p.
kpteJ Fð._n.tamUyqfnð {][m\ambpw Bdv
sa\phmWpÅXv.
t{]mPIvSpIÄ sXc¨nð \nÀÆlWw dnt¸mÀ«v AUvan\nkvt{Sj³ temKu«v
2.2.1 t{]mPIvSpIÄ
Un.]n.kn.bpsS AwKoImcw e`n¨ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS
hnhc§Ä e`n¡p¶Xn\v klmbIambXmWv sa\p.
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 11
{]kvXpX sa\phnð “AwKoImcw e`n¨h” F¶v Hcp k_v
sa\p am{Xta e`n¡pIbpÅq. “AwKoImcw e`n¨h” F¶
sa\p sXcsªSp¯mð kpteJ tkm^vävshbdnð
\nehnð kÖoIcn¨ncn¡p¶ hÀjs¯, Un.]n.kn.
AwKoImcw e`n¨ apgph³ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhchpw
e`n¡pw. t{]mPIvSpIÄ F¶ sa\phns\ Ipdn¨pÅ
hniZhnhc§Ä `mKw 3 ð (t]Pv....) tNÀ¯n«pïv.
2.2.2 sXc¨nð Un.]n.kn.bpsS AwKoImcw e`n¨ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS
]«nIbnð \n¶pw Hmtcm t{]mPIvSpIÄ Iïp
]nSn¡m\mbn apIfnð ]dª ‘t{]mPIvSpIÄ’ F¶ sa\p
D]tbmKn¡mw. ]t£ Ahbnð \n¶pw Hcp {]tXyI
t{]mPIvSv sXcªv Iïp]nSn¡m³ hfsc {iaIcamWv.
Hcp {]tXyI Bhiy¯n\pÅ t{]mPIvSv sXcªv Iïp
]nSn¡m³ klmbn¡p¶ sa\phmWv ‘sXc¨nð’
t{]mPIvSnsâ \¼À, t]cv, Xcw, hn`mKw, taJe, {]tXyI
]cn]mSnbnð DÄs¸«h, BkvXnIÄ F¶o hnhc§fnð
GsX¦nepw \ðInbmð Ahbnð DÄs¸« Fñm
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhc§fpw ]«nI cq]¯nð e`n¡pw.
Ahbnð \n¶pw A\ptbmPyambh
sXcsªSp¡mhp¶XmWv. hnhn[ coXnbnð sXc¨nð
\S¯p¶ coXn `mKw 4 ð (t]Pv...) ð
hniZoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p.
2.2.3 \nÀÆlWw Un.]n.kn.bpsS AwKoImcw e`n¨ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS
hnhc§Ä ImWm\pw, Asñ¦nð Ah sXcªv
Iïp]nSn¡m\pw klmbn¡p¶ sa\phns\¡pdn¨v
apIfnInð hniZoIcn¨phtñm. F¶mð t{]mPIvSpIfpsS
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 12
X³amk sNehpIfpsS hnhc§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯m\pw,
Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯n\v A\phZn¨ncn¡p¶
_UvPänsâ hnhc§Ä ImWm\pw klmbn¡p¶
sa\phmWv “\nÀÆlWw” Ch e`n¡p¶Xv \nÀÆlWw
F¶ sa\phnse [\Imcy t\«§Ä, _UvPäv
hniZmwi§Ä F¶n§s\ cïp k_v sa\phnð
\n¶mWv. ‘\nÀÆlWw’ F¶ sa\p D]tbmKn¨pÅ
{]hÀ¯\§Ä \nÀÆln¡p¶ coXn `mKw 5 ð
(t]Pvþþþþþ) hniZoIcn¡p¶p.
2.2.4 dnt¸mÀ«v
apIfnð hnhcn¨ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhc§Ä
D]tbmKn¨pÅ hnhn[ dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ X¿mdm¡m³
klmbn¡p¶ sa\phmWv ‘dnt¸mÀ«v’ {][m\ambpw
hmÀjnI ]²Xn dnt¸mÀ«v, hmÀjnI sNehv dnt¸mÀ«v,
{]Xnamk sNehv dnt¸mÀ«v F¶n§s\ aq¶v
hn`mK§fnembmWv dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ e`n¡p¶Xv. hnhn[
dnt¸mÀ«pIfpsS hniZoIcWhpw Ah X¿mdm¡p¶
coXnbpw `mKw 6þð (t]Pvþþþ)ð hniZoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p.
2.2.5 AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ
kmt¦XnI Imcy§fnð IqSpXð AdnhpÅ
DtZymØ\mbncn¡pw km[mcWbmbn AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ.
aäv D]tbmàm¡Ä sN¿m³ ]mSnñm¯ {]hÀ¯\§Ä
AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ¡v am{Xta sN¿m³ Ignbq.
DZmlcWambn ]pXpXmbn Hcp Poh\¡mcs\ tNÀ¡pI,
Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse I¼yq«dnð \n¶pw
kwØm\Xe {][m\ I¼yq«dnte¡pw, kwØm\Xe
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 13
I¼yq«dnð \n¶p Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse
I¼yq«dnte¡pw Umä ssIamdpI F¶o {]hÀ¯\§Ä
sN¿m³ AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ¡v am{Xta km[n¡pIbpÅp.
F¶mð D]tbmàmhnsâ ]mkvthÀUv amäm\pw,
D]tbmKn¡p¶ hÀjw sXcsªSp¡m\pw Hmtcm
D]tbmàmÄ¡pw km[n¡pw. hniZoIcWw `mKw 7 ð
(t]Pvþþþþ) \ðInbn«pïv.
2.2.6 temKu«v
\nehnð D]tbmKn¡p¶ D]tbmàmhnsâ kv{Io\nð
\n¶pw ]pd¯pt]mbn asämcp D]tbmàmhmbn Xncn¨v
{]thin¡m\mbn«mWv temKu«v F¶ kwhn[m\w
D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv. {]kvXpX B¹nt¡jsâ kv{Io\nð
\n¶pw ]pd¯v t]mIm\pÅ kwhn[m\hpw Cu
sa\phnepïv. Chsb¡pdn¨pÅ hniZoIcWw `mKw 8ð
(t]Pv þþþ) \ðInbn«pïv.
2.3 tkm^vävshbdnte¡v {]thin¡p¶ coXn
CâÀs\änð D]tbmKn¡p¶ kmt¦XnIhnZybpsS
coXnbnepÅ kmwt¦XnIhnZy D]tbmKn¨mWv kpteJ
Fð._n.tamUyqÄ F¶ B¹nt¡j³ tkm^vävshbÀ
X¿mdm¡nbncn¡p¶Xv. AXmbXv I¼yq«dnse
GsX¦nepw Hcp sh_v {_ukÀ D]tbmKn¨mWv
(DZmlcW¯n\v CâÀs\äv FIvkvt¹mdÀ) kpteJ
Fð._n.tamUypÄ {]hÀ¯n¸n¡p¶Xv.
I¼yq«dnse sUkvIvtSm¸nse kpteJ Fð._n.F¶
sF¡¬ D]tbmKnt¨m, Asñ¦nð ÌmÀ«v sa\phnse
t{]m{Kmanse sF.sI.Fw.tkm^vävshbdnse kpteJ
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
Fð._n.F¶ sa\p D]tbmKnt¨m kpteJ
Fð._n.tamUyqÄ {]hÀ¯n¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.
I¼yq«dnse sUkvIvtSm¸nse kpteJ Fð._n.tamUyqÄ
F¶ sF¡¬ U_nÄ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð. Nn{Xw 2.1þð
\ðInbncn¡p¶ kv{Io³ e`n¡pw.
Nn{Xw 2.1
kv{Io\nse Enter F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð
D]tbmàmhnsâ Xncn¨dnbð \mahpw (bqkÀ s\bnw)
clkytImUpw (]mkvthÀUv) \ðIm\pÅ kv{Io³
e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw 2.2)
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 14
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
Nn{Xw 2.2
kv{Io\nse bqkÀ s\bnw F¶ sSIvÌv t_mIvknð
D]tbmàmhn\v \ðInbncn¡p¶ D]tbmàr\mahpw,
]mkvthÀUv F¶ sSIvÌv t_mIvknð D]tbmàmhnsâ
clkytImUpw \ðIpI. tijw temKn³ F¶ _«¬
¢n¡v sNbvXmð {]kvXpX D]tbmàmhn\v kpteJ
Fð._n.tamUyfnsâ {][m\ kv{Io³ e`n¡pw. (Nn{Xw 2.3)
AXpt]mse Iym³kð F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð
{]kvXpX kv{Io\nð \n¶pw ]pd¯p t]mIp¶XmWv.
kz´ambn I¼yq«À Cñm¯ Xt±ikzbw`cW Øm]\§fnð ({][m\ambn ]©mb¯pIfnð) \n¶pÅ hnhc§Ä AhchcpsS ]cn[nbnepÅ t»m¡v ]©mb¯pIfnse I¼yq«dneqsSbmWv \ðtIïXv. A¯cw Xt±i`cW Øm]\§fpsS hnhcw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\mbn (t»m¡v ]©mb¯pIfnð am{Xw Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nsâ t]cv AS§p¶ Hcp tImt¼m t_mIvkpIqSn temKn³kv{Io\nð e`n¡pw {]kvXpX kv{Io\nepsS temKn³ sN¿pt¼mÄ tImt¼m t_mIvknð \n¶pw Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nsâ t]cv sXcsªSp¡pI.)
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 15
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
{i²n¡pI D]tbmàr\mahpw, clkytImUpw sXämsW¦nð
{]kvXpX hyàn¡v kpteJ Fð._n.tamUyqfnte¡v {]thin¡m³ km[n¡nñ.
]pXnbXmbn Hcp D]tbmàmhns\ AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ ]ZhnbpÅ DtZymKØ\v am{Xta tkm^vävshbdnð tcJs¸Sp¯m³ km[n¡pIbpÅp. (`mKw 7.3 {i²n¡pI)
Hmtcm D]tbmàmhn\pw AhchÀ¡v AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ \ðInb D]tbmàr Xcw A\pkcn¨pÅ sa\p am{Xta e`n¡pIbpÅp (`mKw 2.1 {i²n¡pI)
Nn{Xw 2.3
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 16
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
2.3.1 {][m\ kv{Io\ns\¡pdn¨pÅ hniZoIcWw
1
2
3
3.2 4
3.1
5
(Nn{Xw 2.4)
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 17
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 18
1. Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nsâ t]cv
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ hn\ykn¨ncn¡p¶
Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nsâ t]cpw Øm]\¯nsâ
Xchpw ImWmw.
2. sa\p _mÀ
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ D]tbmKn¨v
\nÀÆln¡mhp¶ {]hÀ¯\§Ä sa\p _mdnepÅ
{][m\s¸« Bdv sa\p D]tbmKn¨v \nÀÆln¡mw.
3. ssSänð _mÀ
D]tbmàmhnsâ kuIcymÀ°w AXymhiyapÅ
hnhc§Ä ImWn¡p¶Xn\pÅ kwhn[m\¯neqsS
D]tbmàmhv sXcsªSp¯ hÀjhpw, sXcsªSp¯
sa\phnsâ t]cpw ssSänð _mdnð \n¶pw e`n¡pw.
3.1 hÀjw (ssSänð _mÀ)
Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nsâ ]¯mw ]©hÕc ]²Xn
apXepÅ apgph³ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhc§fpw kpteJ
Fð._n. tamUyqfnð \n¶pw e`n¡pw. F¶mð
Ahsbñmw AXmXv hÀjw Xncn¨mWv e`nt¡ïXv.
kpteJ D]tbmKn¡p¶ D]tbmàmhn\v
Bhiym\pkcWw hÀjw sXcsªSp¡mhp¶XmWv.
C§s\ sXcsªSp¡s¸Sp¶ hÀjw GsX¶v
D]tbmàmhns\ Adnbn¡p¶Xn\pÅ `mKamWv CXv.
AUvan\nkvt{Sj³ F¶ sa\phnse skänwKvkv F¶ k_vsa\p D]tbmKn¨mWv hÀjw sXcsªSpt¡ïXv. (`mKw 7.3 ð hniZoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p).
3.2 sXcsªSp¯ sa\phnsâ t]cv (ssSänð _mÀ)
D]tbmàmhv sXcsªSp¯ Hmtcm sa\phnsâbpw t]cv
e`n¡p¶ `mKw.
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 19
4. k_vsa\p
kpteJ Fð._n tamUyqfnð {][m\ambpw Bdv k_v
sa\phmWv DÅsX¶v apIfnð hniZoIcn¨phtñm. Hmtcm
sa\phnepw H¶ne[nIw k_v sa\p DïmIpw.
DZmlcWambn temKu«v F¶ sa\p ¢n¡v sNbvXmð
dotemKn³, FIvknäv F¶n§s\ cïv k_v sa\p
DïmIpw. Hmtcm sa\phnepapÅ k_v sa\phns\
Ipdn¨pÅ hnhcw `mKw 2.2ð \ðInbncn¡p¶p.
5. tlmwt]Pv
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqfnsâ {][m\ kv{Io³.
{][m\ kv{Io\nte¡v {]thin¡p¶ D]tbmàmhnsâ ]Zhn Asñ¦nð Xcw A\pkcn¨pÅ {]hÀ¯\§Ä \nÀÆln¡m\pÅ sa\p am{Xta {][m\ kv{Io\nð e`n¡pIbpÅp.
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 20
3.
tt{{]]mmPPIIvvSSppIIÄÄ
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
3 tt{{]]mmPPIIvvSSppIIÄÄ Un.]n.kn.AwKoIcn¨ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS ]«nI e`n¡p¶Xn\pÅ
sa\phmWv ‘t{]mPIvSpIÄ’ {]kvXpX ]«nIbnð \n¶pw
t{]mPIvSv sXcsªSp¯v AhbpsS hniZhnhc§Ä
ImWphm\pÅ kwhn[m\hpw CXnepïv. {][m\ kv{Io\nse
“t{]mPIvSpIÄ” F¶ sa\phnse AwKoImcw e`n¨h” F¶
k_vsa\p (Nn{Xw 3.1) sXcsªSp¡pI.
Nn{Xw 3.1
kv{Io\nse ssSänð _mdnð \ðInbncn¡p¶ (D]tbmàmhv
sXcsªSp¯ hÀjw) hÀj¯nse Un.]n.kn. AwKoImcw
e`n¨ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS ]«nI AS§nb kv{Io³ k_v sa\phnð
e`n¡pw. (Nn{Xw 3.2)
Nn{Xw 3.2
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 21
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 22
AwKoImcw e`n¨ apgph³ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS ]«nI Hcpan¨v Hcp
kv{Io\nð ImWm³ _p²nap«mbXn\mð ]¯v t{]mPIvSpIfpsS
hnhcw AS§p¶ ]«nIIfmbn«mWv Ah e`n¡p¶Xv. ASp¯
]s¯®w e`n¡m\mbn kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ ‘s\IvÌv’ F¶
_«¬ ¢n¡v sN¿pI. AXpt]mse sXm«pap¼pÅ ]¯v
t{]mPIvSpIÄ e`n¡m\mbn kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ
“{]ohnbkv” F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sN¿pI.
{]kvXpX ]«nIbnð Hmtcm t{]mPIvSnsâbpw, \¼cpw, t]cpw,
hn`mKhpw, t{]mPIvSnsâ Xchpw, BsI ]²XnhnlnXhpw,
sam¯w AS¦ð XpIbpw am{Xta e`n¡pIbpÅp. Hmtcm
t{]mPIvSntâbpw s]mXp hnhc§Ä, hn`h kamlcw,
KpWt`màm¡Ä, `uXnI e£y§Ä, AwKoIcm¯nsâ
hnhc§Ä XpS§nb apgph³ hnhc§fpw e`n¡Wsa¦nð
]«nIbnse t{]mPIvSnsâ \¼dnð ¢n¡v sN¿pI.
3.1 t{]mPIvSnsâ hniZhnhc§Ä e`n¡phm³ t{]mPIvSnsâ hnhc§fS§nb ]«nIbnse t{]mPIvSnsâ
\¼dnð ¢n¡v sNbvXmð {]kvXpX t{]mPIvSnsâ
hniZhnhc§Ä e`n¡pw. t{]mPIvSnsâ hniZ hnhc§sf
A©p `mK§fmbn«mWv Xncn¨ncn¡p¶Xv.
1. s]mXp hnhc§Ä
2. hn`h kamlcWw
3. KpWt`màm¡Ä
4. `uXnI e£y§Ä
5. AwKoImchpw A\paXnbpw
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
Hmtcm t{]mPIvSv sXcsªSp¡pt¼mgpw t{]mPIvSnsâ \¼dpw,
t]cpw ssSänð _mdnsâ Nph«nembn e`n¡pw. AtXmsSm¸w
kv{Io\nsâ CSXphi¯mbn apIfnð hnhcn¨ A©v `mK§Ä
AS§nb en¦pIÄ e`n¡pw. Hmtcm t{]mPIvSv
sXcsªSp¡pt¼mgpw AhbpsS s]mXp hnhc§Ä AS§nb
kv{Io\mWv BZyw e`n¡pI. AXn\p tijw aäp \mev `mK§Ä
e`n¡p¶Xn\mbn kv{Io\nsâ CSXv hi¯pÅ A\ptbmPyamb
en¦nð ¢n¡v sNbvXv sXcsªSp¡mhp¶XmWv. apIfnð
hnhcn¨ A©p `mK§fpsS hniZhnhc§Ä NphsS
tNÀ¯ncn¡p¶p.
3.1.1 s]mXp hnhc§Ä t{]mPIvSnsâ hniZmwi§Ä e`n¡p¶ kv{Io\nsâ CSXp
`mK¯pÅ “s]mXp hnhc§Ä” F¶ en¦nð ¢n¡v
sNbvXmð {]kvXpX t{]mPIvSnsâ t]cv, \¼À, hn`mKw,
taJe, \nÀÆlW coXn XpS§nb s]mXp hnhc§Ä
e`n¡pw. (Nn{Xw 3.3)
Nn{Xw 3.3
s]mXp hnhc§Ä
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 23
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
\S¸v hÀjs¯ Un.]n.kn.bpsS AwKoImcw e`n¨
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS ]«nI AS§nb kv{In\nte¡v XncnsI
t]mIWsa¦nð kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ ‘_m¡v’ F¶
_«¬ ¢n¡v sN¿pI. AXpt]mse sXcsªSp¯
t{]mPIvSnsâ apgph³ hnhc§Ä AS§nb dnt¸mÀ«v
e`n¡Wsa¦nð {]kvXpX kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ
“shcnss^” F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð aXn.
Note:- D]tbmàmhn\v t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhc§Ä ImWm³ am{Xta km[n¡pIbpÅq. Xncp¯epIÄ hcp¯phm³ kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ hgn km[n¡nñ.
3.1.2 hn`h kamlmcw t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hniZmwiw e`n¡p¶ kv{Io\nsâ
CSpXp`mK¯pÅ “hn`h kamlmcw” F¶ en¦v ¢n¡v
sNbvXmð {]kvXpX t{]mPIvSnsâ ]Xn\mev hn`h
t{kmXÊnepapÄs¸Sp¶ XpIbpw, AhbpsS sam¯w
AS¦ð XpIbpw e`n¡pw. (Nn{Xw 3.4)
Nn{Xw 3.4
hn`h kamlmcw
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 24
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
\S¸v hÀjs¯ Un.]n.kn.bpsS AwKoImcw e`n¨
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS ]«nI AS§nb kv{In\nte¡v XncnsI
t]mIWsa¦nð kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ _m¡v F¶
_«¬ ¢n¡v sN¿pI. AXpt]mse sXcsªSp¯
t{]mPIvSnsâ apgph³ hnhc§Ä AS§nb dnt¸mÀ«v
e`n¡Wsa¦nð {]kvXpX kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ
‘shcnss^’ F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð aXn.
3.1.3 KpWt`màm¡Ä
kv{Io\nsâ CSXp`mK¯pÅ “KpWt`màm¡Ä” F¶
en¦v sXcsªSp¯mð {]kvXpX t{]mPIvSnð DÄs¸«
hnhn[Xcw KpWt`màm¡fpsS F®w e`n¡pw. (Nn{Xw
3.5)
Nn{Xw 3.5
KpWt`màm¡Ä
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 25
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
\S¸v hÀjs¯ Un.]n.kn.bpsS AwKoImcw e`n¨
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS ]«nI AS§nb kv{Io\nte¡v XncnsI
t]mIWsa¦nð kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ _m¡v F¶
_«¬ ¢n¡v sN¿pI. AXpt]mse sXcsªSp¯
t{]mPIvSnsâ apgph³ hnhc§Ä AS§nb dnt¸mÀ«v
e`n¡Wsa¦nð {]kvXpX kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ
shcnss^ F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð aXn.
3.1.4 `uXnI e£y§Ä
kv{Io\nsâ CSXp`mK¯pÅ “`uXnI e£y§Ä” F¶
en¦nð sXcsªSp¯mð {]kvXpX t{]mPIvSnð \n¶pw
e`n¡p¶ `uXnI eIjy§Ä AS§nb ]«nIbpÅ
kv{Io³ e`n¡pw. {]kvXpX ]«nIbnð t{]mPIvSnð
\n¶pw e`n¡p¶ BkvXnbpsS t]cv, Øm\w, DSaØX,
\nÀ½mW kma{Kn apXemb hnhc§Ä DïmIpw.
Nn{Xw 3.6
`uXnI e£y§Ä
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 26
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
\S¸v hÀjs¯ Un.]n.kn. AwKoImcw e`n¨
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS ]«nI AS§nb kv{Io\nte¡v XncnsI
t]mIWsa¦nð kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ _m¡v F¶
_«¬ ¢n¡v sN¿pI. AXpt]mse sXcsªSp¯
t{]mPIvSnsâ apgph³ hnhc§Ä AS§nb dnt¸mÀ«v
e`n¡Wsa¦nð {]kvXpX kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ
shcnss^ F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð aXn.
3.1.5 AwKoImchpw A\paXnbpw
kv{Io\nsâ CSXp`mK¯pÅ AwKoImchpw A\paXnbpw”
F¶ en¦nð ¢n¡v sNbvXmð {]kvXpX t{]mPIvSn\p
e`n¨ hnhn[ A\paXnIfpsS \¼cpw, XobXnbpw
e`n¡pw. {][m\ambpw Xt±i`cW Øm]\w AwKoIcn¨
\¼cpw XobXnbpw, TAC bpsSbpw, DPC bpsSbpw
AwKoImc¯nsâ \¼cpw XobXnbpamWv {]kvXpX
kv{Io\nð e`n¡pI (Nn{Xw 3.7)
Nn{Xw 3.7
AwKoImchpw A\paXnbpw
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 27
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 28
4.
ssXXcc¨̈nnðð
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
4 ssXXcc¨̈nnðð Un.]n.kn.bpsS AwKoImcw e`n¨ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS ]«nIbnð
\n¶pw Hmtcm t{]mPIvSpIfmbn ImWphm\pÅ kwhn[m\s¯
¡pdn¨mWv apIfnð {]Xn]mZn¨Xv. F¶mð C{]Imcw
\qdpIW¡n\v t{]mPIvSpIfnð \n¶pw Hcp t{]mPIvSnsâ hnhcw
ImWpI F¶Xv hfsc {iaIcamWv. C¯cw kmlNcy¯nð
Hcp {]tXyI kz`mhapÅ t{]mPIvSv Asñ¦nð t{]mPIvSpIÄ
e`n¡phm³ klmbIcamb Hcp amÀKamWv sXc¨nð.
Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse AwKoImcw e`n¨ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS
]«nIbnð (1) t{]mPIvSnsâ \¼À, (2) t]cv, (3) hn`mKw, (4)
taJe, (5) s{]mt^mÀabpsS Xcw, (6) {]tXyI ]cn]mSn, (7)
t{]mPIvSnsâ Xcw, (8) BkvXnIÄ F¶n§s\ F«p coXnbnð
sXc¨nð \S¯m\pÅ kwhn[m\apïv. {][m\ kv{Io\nse
sXc¨nð F¶ sa\phnð \n¶mWv apIfnð hnhcn¨ F«v
Xc¯nepÅ sXc¨nð \nÀÆln¡m³ km[n¡qI. (Nn{Xw 4.1)
Nn{Xw 4.1
sa\phnse Hmtcm Xc¯nepÅ sXc¨nð coXn
sXcsªSp¡pt¼mgpw {]kvXpX sXc¨nen\mhiyamb
kv{Io\pIÄ e`n¡pw. C{]Imcw e`n¡p¶ sXc¨nð
kv{Io\pIfpsS CSXphi¯p \n¶pw apIfnð hnhcn¨
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 29
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
F«v Xc¯nepÅ sXc¨nð \nÀÆln¡m\pÅ ]«nI
e`n¡pw. Hmtcm sXc¨nen\pw Bhiyamb
kv{Io\pIsf¡pdn¨pÅ hnhcWw NphsS tNÀ¡p¶p.
4.1 t{]mPIvSv \¼À
hfsc efnXamb sXc¨nemWv t{]mPIvSv \¼À
D]tbmKn¨v \nÀÆln¡m³ km[n¡pI. {][m\
kv{Io\nse ‘sXc¨nð’ F¶ sa\phnse t{]mPIvSv \¼À
F¶ k_v sa\p sXcsªSp¯mð t{]mPIvSv \¼À
\ðIm\pÅ Hcp kv{Io³ e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw 4.2)
Nn{Xw 4.2
t{]mPIvSnð \¼À \ðInbpÅ sXc¨nð
4.1.1 kv{Io\nse t{]mPIvSv \¼À F¶ sSIvÌv
t_mIvknð t{]mPIvSnsâ \¼À \ðIpI.
4.1.2 kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ skÀ¨v F¶ _«Wnð
¢n¡v sN¿pI.
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 30
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 31
4.1.3 sXcbm\mbn \ðInbncn¡p¶ t{]mPIvSv \¼dnð
DÄs¸« t{]mPvIvSv Dsï¦nð {]kvXpX
t{]mPIvSnsâ hnhcw AS§nb ]«nI e`n¡pw.
4.1.4 ]«nIbnse A\ptbmPyamb t{]mPIvSnsâ t{]mPIvSv
\¼À F¶ tImf¯nð ¢n¡v sNbvXmð `mKw 3.1
ð hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ coXnbnð t{]mPIvSnsâ hniZ
hnhc§Ä e`n¡pw.
4.1.5 {]kvXpX kv{Io\nð \n¶pw ]pd¯p
t]mIWsa¦nð Iym³kð F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v
sN¿Ww.
4.2 t{]mPIvSnsâ t]cv
`mKw 4.1þð hnhcn¨Xpt]mse Xs¶bmWv t{]mPIvSnsâ
t]cv D]tbmKn¨pÅ sXc¨nepw. {][m\ kv{Io\nse
sXc¨nð F¶ sa\phnse t{]mPIvSnsâ t]cv F¶ k_v
sa\p sXcsªSp¡pI Asñ¦nð sXc¨nð kv{Io\nsâ
CSXv hi¯pÅ t{]mPIvSnsâ t]cv F¶ en¦vv
sXcsªSp¡pI. t{]mPIvSnsâ t]cv D]tbmKn¨pÅ
sXc¨nð \S¯m\pÅ kv{Io³ e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw 4.3)
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
Nn{Xw 4.3
t{]mPIvSnsâ t]cv D]tbmKn¨pÅ sXc¨nð.
4.2.1 t{]mPIvSnsâ t]cv F¶ sSIvÌv t_mIvknð
sXc¨nð \S¯m\pÅ t{]mPIvSnsâ t]cv \ðIpI..
AXpt]mse Hcp s]mXpkz`mha\pkcn¨pw
sXc¨nð \nÀÆln¡mhp¶XmWv. DZmlcW¯n\v
“tdmUv” F¶ hm¡v AS§nbn«pÅ apgph³
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS ]«nI e`n¡p¶Xn\mbn
t{]mPIvSnsâ t]cv F¶ sSIvÌv t_mIvknð tdmUv
F¶v tcJs¸Sp¯pI.
4.2.2 kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ skÀ¨v F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v
sN¿pI.
4.2.3 sXc¨nð \S¯m\mbn \ðInb t{]mPIvSnsâ
t]cnð DÄs¸« t{]mPIvSpsï¦nð AhbpsS eLp
hnhc§Ä AS§nb ]«nI e`n¡pw.
4.2.4 `mKw 3.1 ð hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ coXnbnð t{]mPIvSnsâ
hniZmwi§Ä e`n¡pw.
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 32
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
4.3 hn`mKw P\dð, Fkv.kn.]n, Sn.Fkv.]n, C.F^v.kn F¶o \mev
hn`mK¯nð DÄs¸« t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhcw e`n¡m³
‘hn`mKw’ F¶ k_v sa\p klmbn¡p¶p. {][m\
kv{Io\nse sXc¨nð F¶ sa\phnse “hn`mKw” F¶
k_v sa\p sXcsªSp¯mð Asñ¦nð sXc¨nð
kv{Io\nsâ CSXp `mK¯pÅ “hn`mKw” F¶ en¦nð
¢n¡v sNbvXmð apIfnð hnhcn¨ \mev hn`mK§Ä
AS§nb kv{Io³ e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw 4.4)
Nn{Xw 4.4
hn`mKw D]tbmKn¨pÅ sXc¨nð
4.3.1 kv{Io\nse \mep hn`mK¯nse GsX¦nepw Hcp
hn`mK¯nsâ CSXp `mK¯pÅ Hm]vj³ _«¬
sXcsªSp¡pI.
4.3.2 kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ skÀ¨v F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v
sN¿pI.
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 33
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 34
4.3.3 sXc¨nð \S¯m\mbn \ðInb t{]mPIvSnsâ
hn`mK¯nð DÄs¸« t{]mPIvSpIÄ Dsï¦nð Ah
AS§nb ]«nI e`n¡pw.
4.3.4 tijw `mKw 3.1 ð hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ coXnbnð
t{]mPIvSnsâ hniZmwi§Ä e`n¡pw.
4.4 taJe Hcp {]tXyI taJebnð hcp¶p. Fñm
t{]mPIvSpIfpsSbpw hnhcw sXcbm\mWv Cu
kv{Io³ D]tbmKn¡pI. DXv]mZ\w, tkh\w,
]Ým¯ew F¶n taJebnð DÄs¸Sp¶
t{]mPIvSpIÄ Asñ¦nð Hmtcm taJebnepapÅ
D]taJebnð hcp¶ t{]mPIvSpIÄ Asñ¦nð Hcp
{]tXyI kq£va taJe tImUnð hcp¶
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhc§Ä Cu kv{Io³
D]tbmKn¨v sXcbmhp¶XmWv.
{][m\ kv{Io\nse sXc¨nð F¶ sa\phnse
“taJe” F¶ k_vsa\p sXcsªSp¡pI.
Asñ¦nð sXc¨nð kv{Io\nsâ CSXv hi¯pÅ
“taJe” F¶ en¦nð ¢n¡v sNbvXmð taJe
Xncn¨v hnhn[ coXnbnepÅ sXc¨nð
\nÀÆln¡m\pÅ kv{Io³ e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw 4.5)
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
Nn{Xw 4.5
taJe ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbpÅ sXc¨nð
{]kvXpX kv{Io³ D]tbmKn¨v NphsS hnhcn¡p¶
coXnbnð \nÀÆln¡m³ km[n¡pw.
1. taJebpsS Xcw (DXv]mZ\w, tkh\w, ]Ým¯ew)
am{Xw \ðInbpÅ sXc¨nð. (DZmlcW¯n\v tkh\
taJebnð hcp¶ t{]mPIvSpIÄ am{Xw e`n¡m\pÅ
amÀKw)
2. taJebpw, D]taJebpw, \ðInbpÅ sXc¨nð.
3. taJebpw, D]taJebpw, kp£va taJebpw
\ðInbpÅ sXc¨nð.
4. kq£vtaJe tImUv am{Xw \ðInbpÅ sXc¨nð.
4.4.1 taJebpsS Xcw am{Xw \ðInbpÅ sXc¨nð
\nÀÆln¡p¶Xn\mbn taJebpsS Xcw F¶
tImt¼mbnð \n¶pw A\ptbmPyamb Xcw
sXcsªSp¡pI. (tijw `mKw 4.4.5 þð hnhcn¡p¶p.)
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 35
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 36
4.4.2 taJebpw, D]taJebpw \ðInbpÅ sXc¨nð
\nÀÆln¡p¶Xn\mbn kv{Io\nð taJe F¶
tImt¼mbnð \n¶pw A\ptbmPyamb taJe
sXcsªSp¡pI. tijw D]taJe F¶ tImt¼mbnð
\n¶pw (taJe F¶ tImt¼mbnð sXcsªSp¯
taJebnð hcp¶ D]taJe am{Xta D]taJe F¶
tImt¼mbnð e`n¡pIbpÅp) A\ptbmPyamb
D]taJe sXcsªSp¡pI. tijw `mKw 4.4.5 ð
hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ coXnbnð XpScpI.
4.4.3 taJebpw, D]taJebpw, kq£vataJebpw \ðInbpÅ
sXc¨nð \nÀÆln¡p¶Xn\mbn `mKw 4.4.2 ð
hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶Xp s]se taJebpw, D]taJebpw
\ðInbXn\p tijw, kq£vataJe F¶ tImt¼mbnð
\n¶p A\ptbmPyamb kq£vataJe sXcsªSp¡pI.
tijw `mKw 4.4.5 ð hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ coXnbnð XpScpI.
4.4.4 `mKw 4.4.3 ð kq£vataJe tImt¼mbnð \n¶pw
sXcsªSp¡pIbmbncp¶p. F¶mð Hcp {]tXyI
kq£vataJe tImUv Adnbmsa¦nð Ah kv{Io\nse
kq£vataJe tImUv \ðIm\pÅ sSIvÌv t_mIvknð
\ðIpI.
4.4.5 apIfnð hnhcn¨ `mK§fntesX¦nepw coXnbnepÅ
sXc¨nð \nÀÆln¡m\pÅ hnhc§Ä \ðInb tijw
(`mKw 4.4.1 apXð `mKw 4.4.4) kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ
skÀ¨v F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sN¿pI.
4.4.6 sXc¨nð \S¯m\mbn \ðInb hnhc§fnð DÄs¸«
t{]mPIvSpIfmsW¦nð Ah AS§nb ]«nI e`n¡pw.
4.4.7 `mKw 3.1 ð hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ coXnbnð t{]mPIvSnsâ
hniZmwi§Ä e`n¡pw.
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
4.5 s{]mt^mÀabpsS Xcw t{]mPIvSpIÄ {][m\ambpw H¶papXð H³]Xv
hscbpw AXpt]mse A,B,C,D F¶o t]cpIfpw
s{]mt^mÀabnemWv X¿mdm¡pI. C¯cw
s{]mt^mÀabnð tcJs¸Sp¯nb t{]mPIvSpIÄ
sXcbm\pÅ kwhn[m\amWnXv.
{][m\ kv{Io\nse sXc¨nð F¶ sa\phnse
“s{]t^mÀabpsS Xcw” F¶ en¦v ¢n¡v sNbvXmð
s{]mt^mÀabpsS Xcw tcJs¸Sp¯m\pÅ kv{Io³
e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw 4.6)
Nn{Xw 4.6
s{]t^mÀabpsS Xcw D]tbmKn¨pÅ sXc¨nð sXc¨nð \St¯ï coXn
4.5.1 kv{Io\nse s{]t^mÀabpsS Xcw F¶ tImt¼mbnð
\n¶pw sXc¨nð \St¯ï t^mdw \¼À
sXcsªSp¡pI.
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 37
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 38
4.5.2 kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ skÀ¨v F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v
sN¿pI.
4.5.3 sXc¨nð \S¯m\mbn \ðInb s{]mt^mÀabpsS
Xc¯nð DÄs¸« t{]mPIvSpIÄ Dsï¦nð Ah
AS§nb ]«nI e`n¡pw.
4.5.4 `mKw 3.1 ð hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ coXnbnð t{]mPIvSnsâ
hniZmwi§Ä e`n¡pw.
4.6 {]tXyI ]cn]mSnIÄ GsX¦nepw Hcp {]tXyI ]cn]mSnbnð DÄs¸«
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhcw sXcªv Iïp]nSn¡m\pÅ
amÀ¤amWnXv.
{][m\ kv{Io\nse sXc¨nð F¶ sa\phnse
“{]tXyI ]cn]mSnIÄ” F¶ k_v sa\p
sXcsªSp¡pI. Asñ¦nð sXc¨nð \S¯p¶
kv{Io\nsâ CSXv `mK¯pÅ ]«nIbnse ‘{]tXyI
]cn]mSnIÄ’ F¶ en¦v sXcsªSp¡pI. hnhn[
]cn]mSnIfpsS t]cpIÄ AS§nb Hcp
tImt¼mtbmSpIqSnb Hcp kv{Io³ e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw4.7)
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
Nn{Xw 4.7
{]tXyI ]cn]mSnIfnð DÄs¸Sp¶ t{]mPIvSpIÄ
sXcbm\pÅ kv{Io³.
sXc¨nð \nÀÆln¡p¶ coXn
4.6.1 kv{Io\nse {]tXyI ]cn]mSnIÄ F¶ tImt¼mbnð
\n¶pw sXc¨nð \nÀÆlnt¡ï “{]tXyI ]cn]mSn”
sXcsªSp¡pI.
4.6.2 kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ skÀ¨v F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v
sN¿pI.
4.6.3 sXc¨nð \S¯m\mbn \ðInb hnhc¯nð DÄs¸«
t{]mPIvSpIÄ Dsï¦nð Ah AS§nb ]«nI e`n¡pw.
4.6.4 tijw `mKw 3.1 ð hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ coXnbnð
t{]mPIvSnsâ hniZmwi§Ä e`n¡pw.
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 39
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
4.7 t{]mPIvSnsâ Xcw. Un.]n.kn.AwKoImcw e`n¨ t{]mPIvSpIfnse GI
hÀj t{]mPIvSpIfnð DÄs¸« t{]mPIvSpIfptSbpw
_lphÀj t{]mPIvSpIfnð DÄs¸«
t{]mPIvSpIfptSbpw hnhc§Ä sXcªv Iïp
]nSn¡p¶Xn\pÅ amÀKw.
{][m\ kv{Io\nse sXc¨nð F¶ sa\phnse
“t{]mPIvSnsâ Xcw” F¶ k_v sa\p sXcsªSp¡pI.
Asñ¦nð sXc¨nð \S¯p¶ kv{Io\nsâ CSXv
`mK¯pÅ “t{]mPIvSnsâ Xcw” F¶ en¦nð ¢n¡v
sNbvXmð “GIhÀj t{]mPIvSmtWm “_lphÀj
t{]mPIvSmtWm” F¶v tcJs¸Sp¯m\pÅ kv{Io³
e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw 4.8)
Nn{Xw 4.8
t{]mPIvSnsâ Xcw A\pkcn¨pÅ sXc¨nð \nÀÆln¡m\pÅ kv{Io³.
sXc¨nð \nÀÆln¡p¶ coXn NphsS tNÀ¯ncn¡p¶p.
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 40
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 41
4.7.1 kv{Io\nse “GIhÀj t{]mPIvSv” Asñ¦nð
“_lphÀj t{]mPIvSv” F¶Xnð GsX¦nepw Hcp
Hm]vj³ sXcsªSp¡pI
4.7.2 tijw kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ skÀ¨v F¶ _«¬
¢n¡v sN¿pI.
4.7.3 sXc¨nð \nÀÆln¡m\mbn \ðInb “t{]mPIvSnsâ
Xcw” F¶Xnð DÄs¸« t{]mPIvSpIÄ AS§nb Hcp
]«nI e`n¡pw.
4.7.4 tijw `mKw 3.1 ð hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ coXnbnð
t{]mPIvSnsâ hniZmwi§Ä e`n¡pw.
4.8 BkvXnIÄ AXmXv hÀjs¯ Un.]n.kn AwKoImcw e`n¨
t{]mPIvSpIfnð \n¶pw Hcp {]tXyI Xc¯nepÅ
BkvXnbnð DÄs¸« t{]mPIvSpIÄ sXcªv
Iïp]nSn¡p¶Xn\pÅXmWv Cu amÀKw. {][m\
kv{Io\nse “BkvXnIÄ” F¶ k_v sa\p
sXcsªSp¡pI Asñ¦nð sXc¨nð \nÀÆln¡p¶
kv{Io\nsâ CSXv hi¯pÅ ]«nIbnse “BkvXnIÄ”
F¶ en¦nð ¢n¡v sNbvXmð {]tXyI BkvXnbnð
DÄs¸« t{]mPIvSpIÄ sXcªv Iïp]nSn¡m\pÅ
kv{Io³ e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw 4.9)
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
Nn{Xw 4.9
{]tXyI BkvXnbnð DÄs¸« t{]mPIvSpIfnð sXc¨nð \S¯m\pÅ kv{Io³.
sXc¨nð \nÀÆln¡m\pÅ coXn
4.8.1 BkvXnIÄ F¶ tImt¼mbnð \n¶pw sXc¨nð
\nÀÆlnt¡ï BkvXn sXcsªSp¡pI.
4.8.2 tijw skÀ¨v F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð sXc¨nð
\nÀÆlnt¡ï BkvXnbnð DÄs¸« t{]mPIvSpIÄ
e`yamsW¦nð Ah AS§nb Hcp ]«nI e`n¡pw.
4.8.3 tijw `mKw 3.1 ð hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ coXnbnð
t{]mPIvSnsâ hniZmwi§Ä e`n¡pw.
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 42
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 43
5.
\\nnÀÀÆÆllWWww
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 44
5 \\nnÀÀÆÆllWWww Hmtcm Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯ntebpw hmÀjnI ]²Xn
`cW kanXn AwKoIcn¨ tijw sSIv\n¡ð AUvsshkdn
I½nän ]cntim[n¨v Un.]n.kn.bpsS AwKoImc¯n\mbn Pnñm
¹m\nwKv Hm^oknð F¯n¡p¶p. Un.]n.kn.bpsS AwKoImcw
e`n¨ t{]mPIvSpIÄ am{Xw AXmXv Pnñm ¹m\nwKv Hm^oknse
I¼yq«dneqsS tUäm F³{Sn \S¯p¶p. A§s\ tUäm F³{Sn
\S¯nb UnPnäð tUä I¼yq«À irwJebneqsS AXmXv
Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
hn\ykn¨ncn¡p¶ I¼yq«dnð F¯p¶p. C¯cw hnhc§Ä
AXmXv Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse DtZymKØÀ¡v
Xncp¯phm³ IgnbpIbnñ. F¶mð Hmtcm t{]mPIvSpIfptSbpw
X³amk sNehpIfpsS hnhc§Ä ¹m³ ssIImcyw sN¿p¶
DtZymKØ\v tcJs¸Sp¯m³ km[n¡pw. AtXmsSm¸w
{]kvXpX Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯n\v AXmXp hÀjw e`n¨
_UvPäv XpIbpsS hnhc§fpw e`n¡p¶XmWv. CtXmsSm¸w
dnhnj³ t{]mPIvSpIfpw Un.]n.kn. AwKoImcw e`n¡p¶ apd¡v
apIfnð hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ coXnbnð I¼yq«À irwJebneqsS
e`n¡pw. AXpt]mse Xs¶ X³amk§fnð tcJs¸Sp¯nb
Hmtcm t{]mPIvSnsâbpw sNehnsâbpw hnhc§Ä I¼yq«À
irwJebneqsS kwØm\Xe¯nð hn\ykn¨n«pÅ
skÀÆdnte¡v ssIamdmhp¶XmWv.
Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse Un.]n.kn.AwKoImcw e`n¨
Hmtcm t{]mPIvSnsâbpw X³amk sNehpIÄ
tcJs¸Sp¯m\pÅ “[\Imcy§Ä” (`mKw 5.1 ð
hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶p) F¶ k_v sa\phpw, Xt±i`cW
Øm]\¯n\mbn X³hÀj A\phZn¨ncn¡p¶ _UvPäv
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
XpIbpsS hnhc§Ä AS§nbncn¡p¶ “_UvPäv
hniZmwi§Ä” (`mKw 5.2 ð hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶p.) F¶ k_v
sa\phpamWv \nÀÆlWw F¶ {][m\ sa\phnepÅXv.
{i²n¡pI
Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse ]²Xn ssIImcyw sN¿p¶
DtZymKØ\v am{Xta “\nÀÆlWw” F¶ sa\phnse
“[\Imcy t\«§Ä” F¶ k_vsa\p e`n¡pIbpÅp.
5.1 [\Imcy t\«§Ä: {][m\ kv{Io\nse “\nÀÆlWw” F¶ sa\phnse
“[\Imcyt\«§Ä” F¶ k_vsa\p sXcªpS¯mð
sNehv tcJs¸Spt¯ïp¶ amkw sXcsªSp¡m\pÅ
kv{Io³ e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw 5.1)
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 45
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 46
Nn{Xw 5.1
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS sNehv tcJs¸Spt¯ïp¶ amkw sXcsªSp¡m\pÅ kv{Io³
5.1.1 X\Xv hÀjs¯ Un.]n.kn. AwKoImcw e`n¨ apgph³
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS ]«nI (`mKw 5.1.5) D]tbmKnt¨m
Asñ¦nð Hcp {]tXyI Cw¹nsaânwKv Hm^okdpsS
Iognð hcp¶ ]«nI (`mKw 5.1.2) D]tbmKnt¨m Hcp
{]tXyI t{]mPIvSv sXcsªSp¯v apIfnð
sXcsªSp¯ amks¯ sNehnsâ hnhc§Ä
tcJs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv.
5.1.2 Cw¹nsaânwKv Hm^okdpsS (\nÀÆlW DtZymKس)
Iognð hcp¶ t{]mPIvSpIÄ e`n¡Wsa¦nð Nn{Xw
5.1þð \ðInbncn¡p¶ kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ
Cw¹nsaânwKv Hm^okÀ sshkv F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v
sN¿Ww.
5.1.3 {]kvXpX Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse X\Xv hÀjs¯
apgph³ Cw¹nsaânwKv Hm^okÀamcptSbpw t]cpIÄ
AS§p¶ Hcp ]«nI e`n¡pw. (Nn{Xw 5.2)
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
Nn{Xw 5.2 Cw¹nsaânwKv Hm^okÀamcpsS (\nÀÆlW
DtZymKØòmcpsS) t]cS§p¶ ]«nI e`n¡p¶ kv{Io³.
5.1.4 kv{Io\nse ]«nIbnð \n¶pw A\ptbmPyamb
Cw¹nsaânwKv Hm^okdpsS t]cnð ¢n¡v sNbvXmð
{]kvXpX DtZymKØsâ Iognð hcp¶ t{]mPIvSp
IfpsS ]«nI e`n¡pw. (Nn{Xw 5.3) tijw `mKw 5.1.6 ð
hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ coXnbnð Hmtcm t{]mPIvSnsâbpw
apIfnð sXcsªSp¯ amks¯ sNehv
tcJs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv.
5.1.5 X\Xv hÀjs¯ Un.]n.kn. AwKoImcw e`n¨ apgph³
t{]mPIvSpIfpw e`n¡Wsa¦nð Nn{Xw 5.1 ð
\ðInbncn¡p¶ kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ
t{]mPIvSvsshkv F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sN¿pI. At¸mÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 47
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
`mKw 5.1..6ð (Nn{Xw5.3) hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ kv{Io³
e`n¡pw.
5.1.6 apIfnð sXcsªSp¯ (Cw¹nsaânwKv Hm^okÀ
amcpsS Iognð hcp¶ t{]mPIvSpIÄ Asñ¦nð
Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse X³ hÀjs¯ apgph³
t{]mPIvSpIfpsSbpw) t{]mPIvSv \¼cpw, t]cpw
AS§nb ]«nI e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw 5.3)
Nn{Xw 5.3
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS ]«nI
5.1.7 kv{Io\nse (Nn{Xw 5.3) A\ptbmPyamb t{]mPIvSnsâ
t]cnð ¢n¡v sNbvXmð {]kvXpX t{]mPIvSnsâ Nn{Xw
5.1 ð sXcsªSp¯ amks¯ ]Xn\mev
[\t{kmXkpIfnepapÅ sNehnsâ XpI
tcJs¸Sp¯m\pÅ kv{Io³ e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw 5.4)
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 48
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
Nn{Xw 5.4 sXcsªSp¯ t{]mPIvSnsâ sNehv tcJs¸Sp¯phm\pÅ
kv{Io³
5.1.8 kv{Io\nsâ apIÄ `mK¯mbn sXcsªSp¯
t{]mPIvSnsâ \¼cpw, t]cpw, sNehv tcJs¸Sp¯p
¶Xn\pÅ amkhpw e`n¡pw. AtXmsSm¸w 14
[\t{kmXÊpIfpsS t]cpw Ahbntemtcm¶nepw
A\phZn¨ncn¡p¶ ]²Xn AS¦ð XpIbpw, CXphsc
tcJs¸Sp¯nb sNehnsâ hnhchpw, _m¡n XpIbpsS
hnhc§fpw e`n¡pw. kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ “Edit”
F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð am{Xta {]kvXpX
amks¯ sNehv tcJs¸Sp¯m³ km[n¡pIbpÅq.
5.1.9 Hmtcm [\t{kmXÊnepapÅ sNehv AXmXv sSIvkväv
t_mIvknð tcJs¸Sp¯pI. tijw kv{Io\nsâ
NphsSbpÅ “Save” F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 49
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
apIfnð tcJs¸Sp¯nb sNehv I¼yq«dnð
kpc£nXamIpw.
5.1.10 kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ _m¡v F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v
sNbvXmð `mKw 5.1.6 se Nn{Xw 5.3 e`n¡pw. XpSÀ¶v
`mKw 5.1.6 ð hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ coXnbnð aäv
t{]mPIvSpIfptSbpw sNehv tcJs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv.
5.2 _UvPäv hniZmwi§Ä: {][m\ kv{Io\nse \nÀÆlWw F¶ sa\phnse
“_UvPäv hniZmwi§Ä” F¶ k_v sa\p sXcsªSp¯mð
X³hÀjw {]kvXpX Xt±i `cW Øm]\¯n\v A\phZn¨
_UvPänsâ XpIbpsS hnhcw AS§nb kv{Io³ e`n¡pw
(Nn{Xw5.5)
Nn{Xw 5.5
_UvPäv XpIbpsS hnhc§Ä AS§nb kv{Io³. {]kvXpX kv{Io\nse hnhc§Ä D]tbmàmhn\v Xncp¯phm³ km[n¡nñ. {]kvXpX kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ tkhv F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð CXv kv{Io\nð \n¶pw ]pd¯v t]mImhp¶XmWv.
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 50
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 51
6.
ddnntt¸̧mmÀÀ««vv
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
6 ddnntt¸̧mmÀÀ««vv
Un.]n.kn.bpsS AwKoImcw e`n¨ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS
hnhc§Ä kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqfnð
DÄs¡mÅn¨ncn¡p¶Xmbn apIfnð hnhcn¨ncp¶tñm.
AtXmsSm¸w Hmtcm t{]mPIvSn\pw AXmXv amkw sNehn«
XpIbpsS hnhc§fpw tcJs¸Sp¯msa¶v ap³]pÅ `mK§fnð
hnhcn¨ncp¶p. F¶mð C¯cw hnhc§fpsS hnhn[
coXnbnepÅ dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ e`n¨mð am{Xta Imcy£aX
hÀ²n¡pIbpÅp. kpteJ Fð._n tamUyqÄ D]tbmKn¨v
hmÀjnI ]²XnbpsS hnhn[ Xc¯nepÅ dnt¸mÀ«pIfpw
hmÀjnI sNehnsâ hnhn[ Xc¯nepÅ dnt¸mÀ«pIfpw
AXpt]mse {]Xnamk sNehnsâ hnhn[ Xc¯nepÅ
dnt¸mÀ«pIfpw e`yamWv.
tkm^vävshbdnsâ {][m\ kv{Io\nse “dnt¸mÀ«v” F¶
sa\p sXcsªSp¯mð hmÀjnI ]²XnbpsS hnhn[
Xc¯nepÅ dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ e`n¡p¶ “hmÀjnI dnt¸mÀ«v” F¶
k_v sa\phpw, hmÀjnI sNehnsâ hnhn[ Xc¯nepÅ
dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ e`n¡p¶ “hmÀjnI sNehv” F¶ k_v sa\phpw
{]Xnamkw tcJs¸Sp¯nb sNehpIfpsS ASnØm\¯nepÅ
“{]Xnamk sNehv” F¶ k_v sa\phpw e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw 6.1)
Nn{Xw 6.1
dnt¸mÀ«v sa\p
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 52
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 53
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
6.1 hmÀjnI ]²Xn dnt¸mÀ«v {][m\ambpw H³]Xv Xc¯nepÅ dnt¸mÀ«pIfmWv
hmÀjnI dnt¸mÀ«nð DÄs¡mÅn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. {][m\
kv{Io\nse “dnt¸mÀ«v” F¶ sa\phnse “hmÀjnI dnt¸mÀ«v”
F¶ k_v sa\p sXcsªSp¯mð Nn{Xw 6.2 ð
\ðInbncn¡p¶ kv{Io³ e`n¡pw.
Nn{Xw 6.2
kv{Io\nsâ a[y`mK¯pÅ ]«nIbnse Hmtcm hn`mK¯nepapÅ
dnt¸mÀ«nð ¢n¡v sNbvXmð ]«nIbpsS apIfnembn,
sXcsªSp¯ dnt¸mÀ«nsâ Xc¯nsâ t]cv e`n¡pw.
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 54
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
AXn\ptijw NphsSbpÅ “dnt¸mÀ«v” F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v
sNbvXmð apIfnð sXcsªSp¯ dnt¸mÀ«v AS§nb Hcp
kv{Io³ e`n¡pw. DZmlcW¯n\v ]«nIbnse “hn`mKw Xncn¨pw
taJe Xncn¨papÅ hnlnXw” F¶ dnt¸mÀ«v sXcsªSp¯Xn\p
tijw kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ “dnt¸mÀ«v” F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v
sNbvXmð Nn{Xw 6.3ð \ðInbncn¡p¶ kv{Io³ e`n¡pw.
Nn{Xw 6.3
hn`mKw Xncn¨pw taJe Xncn¨papÅ hnlnXw AS§nb dnt¸mÀ«nsâ amXrI.
6.1.1 dnt¸mÀ«v {]nâv sN¿p¶Xn\pÅ amÀ¤w
{]kvXpX kv{Io\nsâ apIfnepÅ {]nâdnsâ
Nn{XapÅ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð kv{Io\nse dnt¸mÀ«v {]nâv
sN¿m\pÅ Hcp sNdnb kv{Io³ e`n¡pw. (Nn{Xw 6.4)
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 55
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
Nn{Xw 6.4
dnt¸mÀ«v {]nâv sN¿m\pÅ kv{Io³.
apIfnð sXcsªSp¯ dnt¸mÀ«nsâ F{X tIm¸n
({]nâv) e`n¡Ww F¶ hnhcw kv{Io\nse Number of
copies F¶ sSIvÌv t_mIvknð tcJs¸Sp¯n {]nâv
F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð I¼yq«dnð
_Ôn¸n¨ncn¡p¶ {]nâdnð {]nâv e`n¡p¶XmWv.
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 56
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
6.2 hmÀjnI sNehv dnt¸mÀ«v hmÀjnI sNehv kw_Ôn¨v {][m\ambn Ggp
Xc¯nepÅ dnt¸mÀ«pIfmWv sa\phnð
DÄs¡mÅn¨ncn¡p¶Xv {][m\ kv{Io\nse “dnt¸mÀ«v”
F¶ sa\phnse “hmÀjnI sNehv” F¶ k_v sa\p
sXcsªSp¯mð Nn{Xw 6.5 ð \ðInbncn¡p¶
kv{Io³ e`n¡pw.
Nn{Xw 6.5
`mKw 6.1 ð ]e Xc¯nepÅ hmÀjnI dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ
sXcsªSp¯Xv t]mse Xs¶bmWv Nn{Xw 6.5 ð
\ðInbncn¡p¶ hnhn[ Xcw hmÀjnI sNehv
dnt¸mÀ«pIfpw X¿mdmt¡ïXv.
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 57
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
6.3 {]Xnamk sNehv dnt¸mÀ«v. hmÀjnI sNehv dnt¸mÀ«v X¿mdm¡nbXpt]mse
X¶bmWv {]Xnamk sNehv dnt¸mÀ«pw
X¿mdmt¡ïXv. F¶mð {]Xnamk sNehv dnt¸mÀ«v
X¿mdm¡p¶Xn\mbn dnt¸mÀ«v e`nt¡ï amkw
sXcsªSp¡pI. AXn\ptijw A\ptbmPyamb
dnt¸mÀ«nsâ Xcw sXcsªSp¯v kv{Io\nsâ
NphsSbpÅ “OK” F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð
Bhiyamb dnt¸mÀ«v e`n¡pw. (Nn{Xw 6.6)
Nn{Xw 6.6
{]Xnamk dnt¸mÀ«v X¿mdm¡p¶Xn\pÅ kv{Io³
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 58
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 59
7.
AAUUvvaann\\nnkkvvtt{{SSjj³³
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 60
7 AAUUvvaann\\nnkkvvtt{{SSjj³³
Hmtcm Xt±i kzbw`cW Øm]\¯n\pw Un.]n.kn.
AwKoIcn¨ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhc§fpw, ]n¶oSv ]pXp¡nb
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhc§fpw hmÀjnI dnt¸mÀ«v X¿mdm¡epw.
Hmtcm t{]mPIvSnsâbpw X³amk sNehnsâ hnhc§Ä
tcJs¸Sp¯epw, {]kvXpX sNehnsâ hnhn[ hmÀjnI
dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ X¿mdm¡p¶Xn\papÅ kwhn[m\§sf Ipdn¨p
ap³ `mK§fnð hniZoIcn¨phtñm. F¶mð apIfnð ]dª
hnhc§Ä Hcp I¼yq«À irwJe hgn Xt±i`cW
Øm]\¯nse I¼yq«dnte¡v F¯n¡pIbpw X³
amksNehnsâ IW¡v Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse I¼yq«dnð
\n¶pw kwØm\ Xe¯nepÅ skÀhÀ I¼yq«dnte¡v Ab¨v
sImSpt¡ïXpapïv.
AXpt]mse Xs¶ kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
D]tbmKn¡p¶ D]tbmàm¡fpsS hnhc§fpw (`mKw 2.2)
tcJs¸Spt¯ïXpïv. apIfnð hnhcn¨ cïp {]hÀ¯\§fpw
(I¼yq«À irwJebneqsS tUäm ssIamdp¶ {]hÀ¯\hpw
(`mKw 7.4) D]tbmàm¡sf tcJs¸Sp¯p¶ {]hÀ¯\hpw
(`mKw 7.3) AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ ]ZhnbpÅ DtZymKØ\p am{Xta
\nÀÆln¡m³ IgnbpIbpÅp. Ch cïpw AUvan\nkvt{SädpsS
{][m\ kv{Io\nse “AUvan\nkvt{Sj³” F¶ sa\phnemWv
e`n¡p¶Xv.
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 61
apIfnð hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v ]pdta
Hmtcm D]tbmàmhnsâbpw ]mkvthÀUv amäm\pw, Ct¸mÄ
D]tbmKn¡p¶ hÀj¯n\p ]Icw asämcp hÀjw
sXcsªSp¡m\pw (`mKw 7.3) AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ¡v ]pdta
asäñm D]tbmàm¡Ä¡pw km[n¡pw. “AUvan\nkvt{Sj³”
F¶ sa\phnse {][m\s¸« \mev k_v sa\phns\ Ipdn¨v
NphsS hniZoIcn¡p¶p.
7.1 skänwKvkv kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqfneqsS D]tbmàmhn\v
BhiyapÅ hÀjs¯ t{]mPIvSpIÄ e`n¡p¶XmWv.
AXmbXv 2003þ04 se Un.]n.kn. AwKoImcw e`n¨
t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhc§Ä e`n¡p¶Xn\mbn
“skänwKvkv” F¶ k_v sa\phnse kv{Io\nse hÀjw
F¶ tImt¼mbnð \n¶pw 2003þ04 F¶ hÀjw
sXcsªSp¯mð {]kvXpX hÀjs¯ Un.]n.kn.
AwKoImcw e`n¨ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS hnhc§Ä e`n¡pw.
hÀjw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶ amÀKw NphsS tNÀ¯ncn¡p¶p.
7.1.1 {][m\ kv{Io\nse “AUvan\nkvt{Sj³” F¶
sa\phnse “skänwKvkv” F¶ k_v sa\p
sXcsªSp¡pI.
7.1.2 Nn{Xw 7.1 ð \ðInbncn¡p¶ kv{Io³ e`n¡pw.
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
Nn{Xw 7.1
7.1.3 kv{Io\nse hÀjw F¶ tImt¼mbnð \n¶pw
A\ptbmPyamb hÀjw sXcsªSp¡pI.
7.1.4 AXn\p tijw (O.K). F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sN¿pI. Nn{Xw
7.2 ð \ðInbncn¡p¶ kv{Io³ e`n¡pw. AXnð
apIfnð sXcsªSp¯ hÀjs¯ t{]mPIvSpIÄ
e`n¡p¶XmWv.
Nn{Xw 7.2
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 62
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
7.1.5 kpteJ tkm^vävshbdnð \n¶pw ]pd¯v
t]mbXn\ptijw (bqkÀ s\bnapw ]mkvthÀUpw
\ðIn) H¶pIqSn {]thin¨mð am{Xta apIfnð
sXcsªSp¯ hÀjs¯ apgph³ t{]mPIvSpIfpw
e`n¡pIbpÅq.
7.2 ]mkvthÀUv amäpI. kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ D]tbmKn¡p¶ Fñm
D]tbmàm¡Ä¡pw AhchcpsS ]mkvthÀUv (clky tImUv)
amtäïn hcpw.
7.1.6 ]mkvthÀUv amäp¶ coXn.
tkm^vävshbdnse {][m\ kv{Io\nse AUvan\nkvt{Sj³
F¶ sa\phnse ]mkvthÀUv amäpI F¶ k_v sa\p
sXcsªSp¯mð, D]tbmàmhnsâ t]cv AS§nb Hcp
sSIväv t_mIvkv e`n¡pw (Nn{Xw 7.3)
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 63
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 64
Nn{Xw 7.3
]mkvthÀUv F¶ sSIvÌv t_mIvknð ]pXnb
]mkvthÀUv \ðIpI. ]mkvthÀUv \ðIp¶ sSIvÌv
t_mIvknð D]tbmàmhv GX£cw tcJs¸Sp¯nbmepw
* F¶ ASbmfw am{Xta e`n¡pIbpÅq. AXn\mð
]mkvthÀUv F¶ sSIvÌv t_mIvknð tcJs¸Sp¯nbXv
icnbmWv F¶v Dd¸m¡p¶Xn\mbn ]mkvthÀUv
Dd¸m¡pI F¶ sSIvÌv t_mIvknð H¶pIqSn
tcJs¸Sp¯pI. tijw kv{Io\nsâ NphsSbpÅ ‘OK’ F¶ _«Wnð ¢n¡v sNbvXmð ]pXnb ]mkvthÀUv
I¼yq«dnð kpc£nXamIp¶XmWv. (tkhv)
{i²n¡pI:
]mkvthÀUv F¶ sSIvÌv t_mIvknð tcJs¸Sp¯nb hnhc§fpw, ]mkvthÀUv Dd¸m¡pI F¶ sSIvÌv t_mIvknð tcJs¸Sp¯nb hnhchpw X½nð kmayansñ¦nð ]mkvthÀUv H¶pIqSn tcJs¸Sp¯pI F¶v Bhiys¸«p sImïpÅ Hcp sNdnb hn³tUm e`n¡pw. kpteJbnte¡v temKn³ sNbvX D]tbmàmhn\p kz´w ]mkvthÀUv am{Xta amäm³ km[n¡pIbpÅq.
7.3 ]pXnb D]tbmàmhns\ Iq«nt¨À¡ð. Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse ¹m³ ssIImcyw sN¿p¶
DtZymKØÀ¡p am{Xta kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ F¶
B¹nt¡j³ tkm^vävshbÀ D]tbmKn¡m³ ]mSpÅq. kpteJ
Fð._n. tamUyqÄ D]tbmKn¡p¶ D]tbmàm¡sf
Xocpam\nt¡ïXv Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse sk{I«dnbmWv.
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
kpteJ tkm^vävshbdnð AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ F¶
D]tbmàmhv {]kvXpX Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse sk{I«dn
F¶ DtZymKØ\mbncn¡pw. AXn\mð AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ F¶
]ZhnbpÅ DtZymKØ\pam{Xta ]pXnb D]tbmàmhns\
Iq«nt¨À¡m³ km[n¡pIbpÅq.
{][m\ kv{Io\nse AUvan\nkvt{Sj³ F¶ sa\phnse
“]pXnb D]tbmàm¡Ä” F¶ k_vsa\p sXcsªSp¯mð
AUvan\nknt{SäÀ¡v ]pXnb D]tbmàmhns\
Iq«nt¨À¡mhp¶XmWv. (Nn{Xw 7)
Nn{Xw 7
]pXnb D]tbmàmhns\ Iq«nt¨À¡m\pÅ kv{Io³
7.1.7 kv{Io\nð hnhc§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯p¶ coXn.
bqkÀ sF.Un. ]pXnb D]tbmàmhnsâ t]cv
Asñ¦nð Npcp¡t¸cv. Htc t]cnepÅ H¶ne[nIw
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 65
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 66
D]tbmàm¡Ä Dsï¦nð AhÀs¡ñmhÀ¡pw Htc
bqkÀ sF.Un. \ðIcpXv.
bqkÀ ssS¸v : D]tbmàr Xcw. \nehnepÅ
kwhn[m\¯nse DtZymKØsâ HutZymKnI
Øm\¯nsâ kam\ambn kpteJ tkm^vävshbdnð
D]tbmKn¡p¶ Øm\t¸cmWv D]tbmàrXcw.
{][m\ambn aq¶v D]tbmàyXcamWv kpteJ
Fð._n. tamUyqfnepÅXv. (`mKw þþþð
hniZoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p).
bqkdnsâ t]cv: D]tbmàmhnsâ icnbmb t]cv
(C\njyð klnXw) tcJs¸Sp¯pI.
]mkvthÀUv: D]tbmàmhnsâ clkytImUv
]pXnbXmbn Hmtcm D]tbmàmhns\ tNÀ¡pt¼mgpw
AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ Hcp clky\maw \ðIWw. ]t£
{]kvXpX D]tbmàmhv BZyambn temKn³
sN¿pt¼mÄ Xs¶ Cu ]mkvthÀUv
Dt]mbnKnt¡ïXmWv.
{i²n¡pI. ]mkvthÀUv tcJs¸Sp¯p¶ sSIvÌv t_mIvknð GXv A£cw ssS¸v sNbvXmepw “*” F¶ A£cw am{Xta sXfnbpIbpÅq.
]mkvthÀUv Dd¸m¡pI: D]tbmàmhn\v \ðInb
]mkvthÀUv icnbmsW¶v Dd¸m¡m\mbn H¶pIqSn
tcJs¸Sp¯pI. AXn\p tijw kv{Io\nsâ
NphsSbpÅ “OK” F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð
]pXnb D]tbmàmhnsâ hnhcw I¼yq«dnð
kpc£nXamIpw
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
7.4 sF.]n. skänwKvkv: AUvan\nkvt{SäÀ ]ZhnbpÅ DtZymKØ\p am{Xta
sF.]n. skänwKvkv F¶ kwhn[m\w D]tbmKn¡m³
km[n¡pIbpÅq. Xt±i`cW Øm]\§fpsS I¼yq«À
irwJeIfnse hnhn[ Øm]\§fnð
hn\ykn¨ncn¡p¶ {][m\ I¼yq«dpIfpsS A{UÊv (IP
Address) kwhn[m\w (CâÀs\äv t{]mt«mt¡mÄ
A{UÊv) tcJs¸Sp¯m\pÅ kwhn[m\w (Nn{Xw 7 þþ)
Nn{Xw 7.
sF.]n. skänwKvkv tcJ¸Sp¯phm\pÅ kv{Io³.
kv{Io\nð {][m\ambpw A©v I¼yq«dpIfpsS A{UÊmWv
\ðtIïXv.
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 67
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 68
1. Local Body IP: Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ hn\ykn¨ncn¡p¶
{][m\ I¼yq«dnsâ IP. Address tcJs¸Sp¯pI.
2. DPO IP: kpteJ Fð._n tamUyqÄ
hn\ykn¨ncn¡p¶ Xt±i`cW Øm]\w ØnXn
sN¿p¶ Pnñm ¹m\nwKv Hm^oknse {][m\
I¼yq«dnsâ IP. Address tcJs¸Sp¯pI.
3. SPB IP: kwØm\ ¹m\nwKv t_mÀUnsâ
B^oknse {][m\ I¼yq«dnsâ IP. Address tcJs¸Sp¯pI.
4. LB Kiosk IP: Xt±i`cW Øm]\¯nse kpteJ
Fð._n. IntbmkvIv F¶ tkm^vävshbÀ
ØnXnsN¿p¶ {][m\ I¼yq«dnsâ IP. Address tcJs¸Sp¯pI.
5. Data Center IP: kwØm\ Xe¯nð ØnXn
sN¿p¶ tUäm skâÀ F¶ I¼yq«dnsâ IP.
Address tcJs¸Sp¯pI.
apIfnð \ðInb hnhc§Ä kv{Io\nte¡v
tcJs¸Sp¯Wsa¦nð Edit F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v
sN¿pI. A\ptbmPyamb hnhc§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯nb
tijw Save F¶ _«¬ ¢n¡v sNbvXmð apIfnð
\ðInb hnhc§Ä I¼yq«dnð kpc£nXamIpw
(tkhv)
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 69
8.
tteemmKKuu««vv
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ
8 vtteemmKKuu««v kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ F¶ tkm^vävshbdnð \n¶pw
]pd¯v t]mIm\pw (FIvknäv) AXpt]mseXs¶ ]pd¯v
t]mImsX H¶pIqSn temKn³ sN¿phm\papÅ kwhn[m\w
(dntemKn³) F¶nhbmWv temKu«v F¶ sa\phneqsS
\nÀÆln¡m³ km[n¡p¶Xv.
8.1 FIvknäv kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqÄ F¶ B¹nt¡j³ tkm^vävshbdnsâ hn³tUmbnð \n¶pw ]pd¯v t]mIm\pÅ k_vsa\p (Nn{Xw 8.1)
Nn{Xw 8.1
D]tbmàmhn\v hoïpw kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqfnte¡v {]thin¡Wsa¦nð `mKw 2. þþð hniZoIcn¨ncn¡p¶ Xpt]mse sN¿pI.
8.2 do temKn³
kpteJ Fð._n. tamUyqfnsâ {][m\ kv{Io\nð \n¶pw ]pd¯v t]mbn H¶pIqSn temKn³ sN¿m\mbn FIvknäv F¶ sa\phnse dotemKn³ F¶ k_vsa\p ¢n¡v sN¿pI. (Nn{Xw 8.2)
Nn{Xw 8.2
{]kvXpX sa\p ¢n¡v sNbvXmð tkm^vävshbdnsâ {][m\ kv{Io\nð \n¶pw ]pd¯v t]mhpIbpw AXn\p tijw temKn³ sN¿m\pÅ kv{Io³ e`n¡pIbpw sN¿pw.
C³^Àtaj³ tIcf anj³ 70