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Lab 10Lycophyta, Psilotophyta
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Vascular plants
• General features of the land plants• Common name: Vascular plants• Synonyms: Tracheophyta• Growth habit: Multicellular: stems,
leaves, and roots; thalloid gametophytes• Undulipodia (“flagella”): Whiplash (2
to 1000+)• Conductive cells: Sieve cells, forming
phloem (food), and tracheids, forming xylem (water)
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Vascular plants
• Clonal reproduction: Vegetative, various multicellular propagules
• Sexual reproduction: Homosporous or heterosporous
• Included Phyla: Lycophyta, Psilotophyta, Sphenophyta, Pterophyta, Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Coniferophyta, Gnetophyta, Anthophyta
• Recognized by: Free-living, branched Sporophytes; xylem
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Tetrads
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Lycophyta
• General features of the vascular plants• Common name: Club mosses (applies
also to the Class Lycopodiopsida)• Synonyms: None• Sporophyte growth habit: Stems,
leaves, roots• Gametophyte growth habit:
Photosynthetic or parasitic thalli
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Lycophyta
• Stele: Protostele• Undulipodia (“flagella”): Two or more
whiplash• Sexual reproduction: Homosporous
or heterosporous• Representative genera: Isoetes, Lycopodium, Selaginella
• Recognized by: Meiosporangia on upper surfaces of sporophylls
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Lycopodium
Lycophyta: Lycopodiopsida
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Lycopodium stem
Lycophyta: Lycopodiopsida
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Lycopodium strobilus
Lycophyta: Lycopodiopsida
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Selaginella
Lycophyta: Selaginellopsida
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Selaginella “resurrection plant”
Lycophyta: Selaginellopsida
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Selaginella “sporeling”
Lycophyta: Selaginellopsida
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Selaginella strobilus
Lycophyta: Selaginellopsida
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Selaginella strobilus
Lycophyta: Selaginellopsida
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Isoetes
Lycophyta: Isoetopsida
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Isoetes megaspores and microspores
Lycophyta: Isoetopsida
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Psilotophyta
• General features of the vascular plants• Common name: Whisk ferns• Synonyms: Psilophyta• Sporophyte growth habit: Stems• Gametophyte growth habit: parasitic
branching thalli
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Psilotophyta
• Stele: Protostele• Undulipodia (“flagella”): Two or more
whiplash• Sexual reproduction: Homosporous• Representative genera: Psilotum, Tmesipteris
• Recognized by: No leaves or roots; dichotomous branching; synangia
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Psilotum
Psilotophyta
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Psilotum rhizomes
Psilotophyta
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Psilotum rhizome
Psilotophyta
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Psilotum meiosporangium
Psilotophyta
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Appearances can be deceiving